Effect of Breathing Exercise During Peripheral Intravenous Catheter

Effect of Breathing Exercise During Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Implementation on Pain, Anxiety, and Patient Satisfaction

This study was carried out to determine the effect of breathing exercise performed during peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) application on pain, anxiety and patient satisfaction.

The study was completed as a randomized controlled experimental study with a total of 130 individuals who met the inclusion criteria. The Descriptive Characteristics Questionnaire, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Numerical Rating Scale were used to collect the data of the study. In addition, Algometer (66 Lb/30 Kg) device was used to evaluate the pain pressure threshold in determining the individuals to be included in the research sample. The individuals in the intervention group were given diaphragmatic breathing exercise while applying the catheter, and the individuals in the control group were inserted without any application.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Venipuncture
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Breathing exercise

Detailed Description

This study was carried out to determine the effect of breathing exercise performed during peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) application on pain, anxiety and patient satisfaction.

The study was completed as a randomized controlled experimental study with a total of 130 individuals who met the inclusion criteria, 65 of whom were in the intervention group and 65 in the control group. Ethics committee approval, institutional permission, and written informed consent from individuals were obtained in the study. The Descriptive Characteristics Questionnaire, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Numerical Rating Scale were used to collect the data of the study. In addition, Algometer (66 Lb/30 Kg) device was used to evaluate the pain pressure threshold in determining the individuals to be included in the research sample. The individuals in the intervention group were given diaphragmatic breathing exercise while applying the catheter, and the individuals in the control group were inserted without any application.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 130
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Kayseri, Turkey, 38039
    • Erciyes University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• able to speak and understand Turkish,
• between the ages of 18-65,
• having orientation to place and time,
• without any psychiatric disease and hearing problems,
• not using central nervous system drugs,
• people who having PIVC indication,
• no analgesic or anesthetic agent was applied 24 hours before PIVC application,
• not have any pain in any part of the body that may affect the results of the study,
• no PIVC experience in the last month,
• 20-G catheter will be applied,
• pressure pain threshold mean of 8-16 pounds (Lb), (11) individuals who volunteered to participate in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Infection in the area where PIVC will be applied, -having previous operation, scarring, psoriasis, active dermatitis in the area - -
• where PIVC will be applied,
• with peripheral nerve disease,
• no catheter applied to the forearm veins,
• having diabetes,
• with peripheral neuropathy,
• diagnosed with cancer,
• receiving cancer treatment,
• with respiratory disease,
• who have an obstacle to breathing exercise,
• in the post-surgical period,
• individuals who did not volunteer to participate in the study

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Other
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Intervention; Breathing exercise	Other: Breathing exercise; Diaphragmatic breathing exercises were taught to the individuals by the researcher and they were asked to start breathing exercises before starting PIVC. While the PIVC was being placed, the individuals continued the breathing exercise and the breathing exercise was terminated at the end of the application.
No Intervention: Control; Standard practice

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Pain level	Pain level measured with Numeric Rating Scale. The number "0" on the scale means that they do not feel any pain and the number "10" refers to the worst pain.	3 minutes after catheter insertion
Anxiety level	Anxiety level measured with Numeric Rating Scale. The number "0" on the scale means that they do not feel any anxiety and the number "10" refers to the highest level of anxiety.	3 minutes after catheter insertion

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Satisfaction level	Satisfaction level measured with Numeric Rating Scale. The number "0" in the scale indicates that the participants are not at all satisfied with the application, and the number "10" indicates the highest level of satisfaction.	3 minutes after catheter insertion

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: TC Erciyes University
• Investigators: Study Director: Sevda Korkut, TC Erciyes University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): February 24, 2022
• Primary Completion (Actual): July 28, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): July 28, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 15, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 23, 2022
• First Posted (Estimate): January 11, 2023

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): January 11, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 23, 2022
• Last Verified: December 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Pain; Anxiety; Breathing exercise; Nursing; peripheral intravenous catheterization
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Respiration Disorders; Respiratory Aspiration
• Other Study ID Numbers: 573/2022

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No