The Effect of Breathing Exercise and Affirmation Method Used in Labor on Women's Birth Self-Efficacy and Satisfaction

Purpose: This research was conducted to determine the effect of breathing exercise and affirmation method used in labor on women's birth self-efficacy and satisfaction.

Materials and Methods: The sample of the study, in which the randomized controlled experimental design type was applied, consisted of 128 nulliparous pregnant women. Data were collected with Pregnant Descriptive Information Form, Innate Period Evaluation Form, Visual Analog Scale, Affirmation Statement Evaluation Form, Short Form of the Childbirth of Self-Efficacy Inventory and Birth Satisfaction Scale. Pregnant women who are in the first stage of labor have been using diaphragmatic breathing exercise to one group, affirmation method to one group, both diaphragmatic exercise and affirmation method to one group since the active phase, while pregnant women in the control group have not been given any intervention, they have received routine care. Descriptive statistical methods, chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance, t-test for dependent and independent groups were used in the analysis of the data.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Birth Satisfaction; Birth Self-efficacy
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Breathing Exercise; Behavioral: Affirmation Method; Behavioral: Breathing Exercise and Affirmation Method

Detailed Description

This study was conducted in four groups. Groups; The group in which the affirmation method was used in labor (Affirmation Group - OG), the group in which breathing exercises were used in labor (Breathing Group - NG), the group in which both breathing exercises and affirmation methods were used in labor (Breathing and Affirmation Group - NOG), and the group in which no intervention was made other than routine hospital practices. It is divided into a non-existent group (Control Group - CG). The numbers given to the groups (1, 2, 3, 4) were determined by the lottery method. The name of each group was written on the papers and numbered in order of drawing. The numbers 3 were assigned to the Breathing group, 1 to the Affirmation group, 2 to the Breathing and Affirmation group, and 4 to the Control group. Considering data loss in the distribution of the study into groups, numbers from 1 to 200 were randomized for 4 groups using a computer-assisted randomization program (https://www.rstudio.com). In order to ensure homogeneity in the randomization of the intervention groups and the control group, five matching criteria were taken into consideration. These match criteria; It was determined as the mother's age, education level (secondary school and below, high school and above), employment status (working/not working), gestational age, and prenatal education. Homogeneity of the groups was tested in the evaluation of the study.

Pregnant women to be included in the study were assigned to groups according to the numbers in the columns according to the eligibility criteria. In order to avoid being influenced by each other, pregnant women were included in the study one by one, and after the birth of one pregnant woman was completed, the other pregnant woman was included in the study.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 128
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Çanakkale, Turkey
    • Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

The one who is open to communication,

• between the ages of 18-45 Dec,

• At least a primary school graduate,

  * Nulliparous,

• Non-risky pregnancy in terms of mother and baby (multiple pregnancy, preeclampsia, etc.),

  * In the first stage of labor (0-3 cm dilatation), which is,

• Living at term and having a single pregnancy,
• No analgesic or anesthetic substance is applied during the trauma, * Pregnant women who volunteer to participate in the research

Exclusion Criteria:

• Your mother wants to leave without working, * Pregnant women who developed cesarean section indication after being included in the study

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

4

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Breathing Exercise Group; 32 the Pregnant Identifying Characteristics Form, the Short Version of the Self-Efficacy Scale in Childbirth was completed before the pregnancy intervention and the VAS was measured.	Behavioral: Breathing Exercise; 32 the Pregnant Identifying Characteristics Form, the Short Version of the Self-Efficacy Scale in Childbirth was completed before the pregnancy intervention and the VAS was measured. Breathing exercise training and application were carried out during the latent phase process. In this training, the importance of proper breathing was explained and diaphragmatic breathing application was made. During the active phase process (4-7 cm), the Innatal Period Evaluation Form was filled out and the VAS was measured, and diaphragmatic breathing exercise was performed every 30 minutes from the beginning of contraction until the end of contraction. During the transition phase (8-10 cm), the Innatal Period Evaluation Form, the Short Version of the Self-Efficacy Scale in Childbirth were filled out and the VAS was measured, and diaphragmatic breathing exercise was performed once every 15 minutes from the beginning of contraction to the end of contraction.
Experimental: Affirmation Method Group; 32 pregnant women who were admitted to the hospital for childbirth and were in the latent phase (0-3 cm) filled out the pre-intervention Pregnant Identifying Characteristics Form, the Short Version of the Self-Efficacy Scale in Childbirth, and the VAS was measured.	Behavioral: Affirmation Method; 32 pregnant women who were admitted to the hospital for childbirth and were in the latent phase (0-3 cm) filled out the pre-intervention Pregnant Identifying Characteristics Form, the Short Version of the Self-Efficacy Scale in Childbirth, and the VAS was measured. During the latent phase, affirmation phrases were shown to the pregnant women and the application was explained. During the active phase process (4-7 cm), the Innatal Period Evaluation Form was filled out and the VAS was measured, and the affirmation phrases were repeated and used by the researcher every 30 minutes from the beginning of the contraction until the end of the contraction. During the transition phase (8-10 cm), the Innatal Period Evaluation Form, the Short Version of the Self-Efficacy Scale in Childbirth were filled out and the VAS was measured, and affirmation sentences and support sentences were said every 15 minutes from the beginning of the contraction to the end of the contraction.
Experimental: Breathing Exercise and Affirmation Method Group; During the latent phase, affirmation phrases were shown to the pregnant women and the application was explained and the application was made with breathing exercise training.	Behavioral: Breathing Exercise and Affirmation Method; During the latent phase, affirmation phrases were shown to the pregnant women and the application was explained and the application was made with breathing exercise training. In this training, the importance of proper breathing was explained and diaphragmatic breathing application was made. During the active phase process (4-7 cm), the Congenital Period Evaluation Form was filled out and the VAS was measured, and diaphragmatic breathing exercise was performed once every 30 minutes from the beginning of contraction to the end of contraction, and the affirmation phrases were repeated and used by the researcher
No Intervention: control group; Routine midwifery care was applied during the trauma.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
birth self-efficacy scale	birth self-efficacy of pregnant women.The lowest total score that can be obtained from the scale is 32, and the highest total score is 320. As the scores from the scale increase, the self-efficacy levels of pregnant women in labor increase.	in the active phase of labor
birth satisfaction scale	birth satisfaction of pregnant women.As a result of the scale, a score between 0 and 40 is received. It is interpreted that as the score obtained as a result of the scale increases, the woman's birth satisfaction increases, while a low score indicates that the birth satisfaction is not at a sufficient level.	in the active phase of labor

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University
• Collaborators: Mehmet Akif Ersoy Canakkale State Hospital

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): April 10, 2022
• Primary Completion (Actual): October 31, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): November 30, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 22, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 29, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): June 4, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): June 6, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 5, 2024
• Last Verified: June 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: self-efficacy; breathing exercise; affirmation; self-satisfaction
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Respiration Disorders; Respiratory Aspiration
• Other Study ID Numbers: 20.478.486/1213

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No