Persistence of Glaucoma Patients With Web-Browser-Based Visual Field Test

The goal of this clinical trial is to assess patient persistence and adherence with a 6-month period of at-home visual field testing, using a novel web-based visual field test (EyeSimplify, M&S Technologies, Niles, IL).

The main questions this clinical trials aims to answer are:

1. How adherent patients are to biweekly testing at home for 6 months, and
2. How patients feel the ease of user experience of the test was, and
3. Whether the EyeSimplify platform is able to detect any worsening of glaucoma-related visual field performance that can be corroborated by standard of care, office-based testing.

Participants will be given iPads with links to the EyeSimplify visual field test, and asked to take the EyeSimplify tests at home biweekly for six months. The test takes between 10 to 15 minutes to do and participants will have no additional responsibilities between tests.

Researchers will send reminders for patients to complete the at-home tests at periodic intervals, and if worsening on the at-home test platform is suggested by test results, researchers will arrange for return visits to the office to compare the EyeSimplify test results to standard-of-care, office-based testing. At the conclusion of the study, participant adherence to the 6-month biweekly testing schedule will be assessed and participants will be surveyed for their perceptions regarding the EyeSimplify platform's ease of usability and user experience.

Study Overview

• Status: Terminated
• Conditions: Glaucoma
• Intervention / Treatment: Device: EyeSimplify web-browser-based visual field test

Detailed Description

The purpose of this prospective study is to assess patient persistence and adherence with a 6-month period of at-home visual field testing using an iPad with a novel web-browser-based visual field test, the EyeSimplify platform (M&S Technologies, Niles, IL). Use of this test is intended to supplement, but not replace, regular clinic visits.

The proposed study will be conducted at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. We estimate 50 subjects will be recruited to participate in the study. Data collected will not include patient identifiers, but will instead be coded.

The research will involve prospective collection of visual field tests. Patients with suspected, mild, moderate, or severe glaucoma will be included. Clinical data including age, gender, ethnicity, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, severity of disease, past and comparative Humphrey HFA-III visual field test performance, EyeSimplify visual field test performance, and EyeSimplify usability survey will be recorded.

Following study recruitment, subjects will be asked to take EyeSimplify visual field tests at home biweekly for six months. They will have no additional responsibilities between tests. Subjects will access the EyeSimplify web browser on an iPad provided by the research team, using a link and login credentials provided to them by a research assistant. Upon logging into the EyeSimplify web browser, subjects will click the "Start Test" button found along the left side of the window and follow the prompts presented on screen to calibrate their screen. Screen calibration involves holding a driver's license/credit card/ID to the screen to ensure the test window is the appropriate dimensions. Following screen calibration, subjects will follow the test prompts presented on screen to complete their visual field test. Test results are automatically sent to the research assistant who issued the exam, so subjects may exit the browser after each test. Upon study completion, subjects will be asked to fill out a brief user experience survey.

M&S Technologies is the developer of the EyeSimplify visual field test platform. As the developers, M&S Technologies maintains a secure, encrypted, HIPAA-compliant database of test participants. This database includes patient profiles containing unique subject IDs (de-identified), birth year (but not specific date), and visual field testing results. Outside of this testing information, M&S Technologies does not have access to any additional patient information.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 8
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Iowa
    • Iowa City, Iowa, United States, 52242
      • University of Iowa

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 100 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients between 18-100 years of age with suspected, mild, moderate, or severe glaucoma

Exclusion Criteria:

• Non-English speakers, patients with systemic or ocular disease affecting central vision, best corrected visual acuity less than 20/80, neurocognitive or psychiatric disorders that would confound visual field testing, those with physical inability to perform testing, and astigmatism with absolute values greater than 2.00 diopters

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Diagnostic
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Single Arm; All patients will be in a single arm: patients will have one or both eyes (dependent on inclusion/exclusion criteria) tested with the EyeSimplify visual field test biweekly for 6 months.	Device: EyeSimplify web-browser-based visual field test; All patients will be in a single arm: patients will have one or both eyes (dependent on inclusion/exclusion criteria) tested with the EyeSimplify visual field test biweekly for 6 months.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
EyeSimplify Self-Test Adherence	For the purposes of this study, adherence is defined as number of times a subject self-tests divided by the number of times they are expected to self-test during the six-month study period. There will be a total of 14 expected self tests. Adherence will be evaluated at the conclusion of the six-month study period.	Subjects will be asked to self-test once every two weeks for six months.
EyeSimplify Self-Test Persistence	For the purposes of this study, persistence is defined as the number of consecutive self-tests a subject completes without a lapse. Persistence will be evaluated at the conclusion of the six-month study period.	Subjects will be asked to self-test once every two weeks for six months.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Visual Field Reliability Metric #1 - False Positive Rate	In perimetry (visual field testing), a "false positive error" occurs when a subject/patient records a response when no stimulus is presented. This is one metric by which the reliability of a visual field test is measured. The measurement is reported as a percentage.	This measurement will automatically be reported upon conclusion of each visual field test. Visual field testing is estimated to take 5-15 minutes for each visual field test. Testing will occur every two weeks for the six-month study period.
Visual Field Reliability Metric #2 - False Negative Rate	In perimetry (visual field testing), a "false negative error" occurs when a subject/patient fails to record a response to a stimulus that is brighter than one they had previously responded to in the same visual location. This is one metric by which the reliability of a visual field test is measured. The measurement is reported as a percentage.	This measurement will automatically be reported upon conclusion of each visual field test. Visual field testing is estimated to take 5-15 minutes for each visual field test. Testing will occur every two weeks for the six-month study period.
Visual Field Reliability Metric #3 - Fixation Loss Rate	In perimetry (visual field testing), a "fixation loss" occurs when a subject/patient records a response to a stimulus presented in the physiologic blind spot. If the patient responds, it indicates their gaze is not fixed straight ahead. This is one metric by which the reliability of a visual field test is measured. The measurement is reported as a percentage.	This measurement will automatically be reported upon conclusion of each visual field test. Visual field testing is estimated to take 5-15 minutes for each visual field test. Testing will occur every two weeks for the six-month study period.
Visual Field Performance Metric #1 - Mean Deviation	Mean deviation indicates how much, on average, an entire visual field deviates from the age-normal value. It is the center-weighted average of the decibel deviations at each point tested in the visual field test. The measurement is reported in decibels.	This measurement will automatically be reported upon conclusion of each visual field test. Visual field testing is estimated to take 5-15 minutes for each visual field test. Testing will occur every two weeks for the six-month study period.
Visual Field Performance Metric #2 - Pattern Standard Deviation	Pattern standard deviation reflects irregularities in a visual field, such as those caused by localized defects. This metric shows sensitivity losses after adjusting for generalized depression or elevation in the overall hill of vision (e.g. cataracts). The measurement is reported in decibels.	This measurement will automatically be reported upon conclusion of each visual field test. Visual field testing is estimated to take 5-15 minutes for each visual field test. Testing will occur every two weeks for the six-month study period.
Visual Field Performance Metric #3 - Total Deviation	Total deviation probability plots identify test locations that are outside normal limits. Threshold sensitivity levels are compared to age-corrected normal values at each test location to produce a total deviation map. Each measurement is reported in decibels.	This measurement will automatically be reported upon conclusion of each visual field test. Visual field testing is estimated to take 5-15 minutes for each visual field test. Testing will occur every two weeks for the six-month study period.
Visual Field Performance Metric #4 - Foveal Threshold	Foveal threshold is the minimum amount of luminance increment on a uniform background that can be detected by a subject/patient at the center of fixation. The measurement is reported in decibels.	This measurement will automatically be reported upon conclusion of each visual field test. Visual field testing is estimated to take 5-15 minutes for each visual field test. Testing will occur every two weeks for the six-month study period.
Visual Field Loss Trend Metric #2 - EyeSimplify Mean Deviation Progression Trend	The EyeSimplify Progression Trend is a visual field analysis aid used to quantify visual field progression. This analysis aid is specific to EyeSimplify and quantifies the observed rate of change of subjects' mean deviation. This metric is reported as estimated decibel loss per year.	This measurement will automatically be generated after five EyeSimplify visual field tests and is updated with each subsequent test. This metric will be recorded upon completion of the six-month study period.
Visual Field Loss Trend Metric #1 - Guided Progression Analysis Trend Analysis	Guided Progression Analysis (GPA) is a visual field analysis aid used to quantify visual field progression. This analysis aid is specific to Humphrey perimeters. The GPA Trend Analysis component quantifies the observed rate of change of the visual field. This metric is reported as percent loss per year (VFI) OR estimated mean deviation decibel loss per year, along with confidence limits for the slope estimate.	This measurement will automatically be generated after five Humphrey visual field tests and is updated with each subsequent test.
EyeSimplify User Experience Question #1 - "Please Select What Type of Device You Used to Take Your EyeSimplify Visual Field Tests."	Response options will include "Laptop", "Tablet", "Smartphone", and "Other".	Subjects will respond to an approximately 5-10 minute survey at the conclusion of the six-month study period.
EyeSimplify User Experience Question #2 - "Please Describe What Accessories, if Any, You Used to Take Your EyeSimplify Visual Field Tests."	Response options will include "Keyboard", "Touchscreen", "Stylus", and "Other".	Subjects will respond to an approximately 5-10 minute survey at the conclusion of the six-month study period.
EyeSimplify User Experience Question #3 - "How Hard or Easy Was it for You to Achieve a Comfortable Testing Environment for Yourself While Using the EyeSimplify Online Test?"	This question will be rated using a Likert scale. Response options will include "Very hard", "Hard", "Neutral", "Easy", and "Very easy".	Subjects will respond to an approximately 5-10 minute survey at the conclusion of the six-month study period.
EyeSimplify User Experience Question #4 - "How Hard or Easy Was it for You to Achieve a Functional Testing Environment for Yourself While Using the EyeSimplify Online Test?"	This question will be rated using a Likert scale. Response options will include "Very hard", "Hard", "Neutral", "Easy", and "Very easy".	Subjects will respond to an approximately 5-10 minute survey at the conclusion of the six-month study period.
EyeSimplify User Experience Question #5 - "What Time of Day Did You Typically Take Your EyeSimplify Visual Field Tests?"	Response options will include "Early morning (5AM-9AM)", "Late morning (9AM-12PM)", "Early afternoon (12PM-3PM)", "Late afternoon (3PM-5PM)", "Evening (5PM-12AM)", and "Overnight (12AM-5AM)".	Subjects will respond to an approximately 5-10 minute survey at the conclusion of the six-month study period.
EyeSimplify User Experience Question #6 - "Please Describe the Level of Ambient Light You Typically Took Your EyeSimplify Visual Field Tests in."	This question will be rated using a Likert scale. Response options will include "Much Darker than Average (example: a room without the lights on at night)", "Somewhat Darker than Average", "About Average Light", "Somewhat Brighter than Average", and "Much Brighter than Average (example: outside on a sunny day)".	Subjects will respond to an approximately 5-10 minute survey at the conclusion of the six-month study period.
EyeSimplify User Experience Question #7 - "Did You Ever Have to Block Out Ambient Light Using Curtains or Other Methods When Taking Your EyeSimplify Visual Field Tests?"	Response options will include "Yes" and "No".	Subjects will respond to an approximately 5-10 minute survey at the conclusion of the six-month study period.
EyeSimplify User Experience Question #8 - "How Hard or Easy Was it for You to Navigate the EyeSimplify Website?"	This question will be rated using a Likert scale. Response options will include "Very hard", "Hard", "Neutral", "Easy", and "Very easy".	Subjects will respond to an approximately 5-10 minute survey at the conclusion of the six-month study period.
EyeSimplify User Experience Question #9 - "How Hard or Easy Was it to Understand the Instructions for the Visual Field Test Using EyeSimplify?"	This question will be rated using a Likert scale. Response options will include "Very hard", "Hard", "Neutral", "Easy", and "Very easy".	Subjects will respond to an approximately 5-10 minute survey at the conclusion of the six-month study period.
EyeSimplify User Experience Question #10 - "How Much Anxiety or Concern Did You Have About Your Test Performance While Using the EyeSimplify Online Visual Field Test?"	This question will be rated using a Likert scale. Response options will include "very anxious/concerned", "anxious/concerned", "neutral", "relaxed", and "very relaxed".	Subjects will respond to an approximately 5-10 minute survey at the conclusion of the six-month study period.
EyeSimplify User Experience Question #11 - "How Confident Were You Taking the EyeSimplify Visual Field Test by Yourself at Home?"	This question will be rated using a Likert scale. Response options will include "Not confident at all", "Not very confident", "Neutral", "Confident", and "Extremely confident".	Subjects will respond to an approximately 5-10 minute survey at the conclusion of the six-month study period.
EyeSimplify User Experience Question #12 - "If EyeSimplify Visual Field Testing Were Available for Regular Home Use Outside of This Study, Would You Use it?"	Response options will include "Yes", "No", and "Maybe".	Subjects will respond to an approximately 5-10 minute survey at the conclusion of the six-month study period.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Andrew Pouw, MD
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Andrew Pouw, MD, University of Iowa

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Quigley HA, Broman AT. The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020. Br J Ophthalmol. 2006 Mar;90(3):262-7. doi: 10.1136/bjo.2005.081224.
• Quigley HA. Number of people with glaucoma worldwide. Br J Ophthalmol. 1996 May;80(5):389-93. doi: 10.1136/bjo.80.5.389.
• Beck RW, Bergstrom TJ, Lichter PR. A clinical comparison of visual field testing with a new automated perimeter, the Humphrey Field Analyzer, and the Goldmann perimeter. Ophthalmology. 1985 Jan;92(1):77-82. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(85)34065-4.
• Prager AJ, Kang JM, Tanna AP. Advances in perimetry for glaucoma. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2021 Mar 1;32(2):92-97. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000735.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): February 6, 2024
• Primary Completion (Actual): March 10, 2025
• Study Completion (Actual): March 10, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 3, 2023
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 9, 2023
• First Posted (Actual): January 19, 2023

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): May 18, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 23, 2026
• Last Verified: April 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Eye Diseases; Ocular Hypertension; Glaucoma
• Other Study ID Numbers: 202207403

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: Yes
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: Yes