Effect of Coherent Breathing on Elderly Quality of Life

Effect of Coherent Breathing on Different Outcome Measures in Elderly

This study will be carried out on sixty elderlies of both gender with ages ranges from 60 to 70 years old. The participants will receive Inspiratory muscle trainer and/or Coherent breathing exercise three times per week for 12 weeks.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Hypertension; Geriatrics; Stable Diabetes Mellitus
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Coherent Breathing Exercise; Device: Inspiratory muscle training

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 60
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Egypt
  • Giza
    • Cairo, Giza, Egypt, 12613
      • Faculty of physical therapy outpatient clinic

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 60 years to 70 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Elderly subject of both gender with age ranged from 60 to 70 years old.
2. BMI will be ranged from 25 to 29.9.
3. Clinically and medically stable.
4. Able to understand the requirements of the study.
5. Conscious patient and respond to verbal command.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Neurological conditions (e.g., stroke history, Parkinson's disease).
2. Presence of an acute illness.
3. Metabolically unstable chronic illness.
4. Pre-existent untreated metabolic or renal disease.
5. Patient undergoes chemotherapy.
6. Recent surgery.
7. Uncontrolled diabetes or hypertension.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Coherent breathing group; The participants will receive Inspiratory muscle trainer and Coherent breathing exercise three times per week for 12 weeks.	Other: Coherent Breathing Exercise; Step 1: Focus on your natural breathing and count the time of your inhale and exhale. Step 2: Sit in a comfortable position to practice the coherent breathing technique. Gently place one hand on your stomach. Step 3: Inhale for four seconds and then exhale for four seconds. Repeat this for one minute. Step 4: Repeat the above step but lengthen your inhales and exhale for five seconds. Step 5: Repeat the above step but extend the breaths to six seconds. Once you're able to do this for five minutes, gradually work your way up to 20 minutes. During this breathing exercise, keep your hand on your stomach. Using diaphragmatic breathing can help you feel your breaths.
Experimental: Inspiratory muscle training group; The participants will receive Inspiratory muscle training three times per week for 12 weeks.	Device: Inspiratory muscle training; The patient was in the comfortable sitting position and then put the nose clip on the patient's nose; After setting the maximum training; the user recognized the load at which they could effectively execute ten breaths at greatest resistance relying upon the patient's pace of apparent effort.; Training was begun with a load at low intensity 20-30% of the patient maximum 10 repetition method using inspiratory muscle training (IMT) device.; Progress slowly and monitor carefully.; As the inspiratory muscle became stronger the inspiratory load was progressed to 50% of maximum effort over 3 weeks as tolerated.; Patient took full breath in (maximal and deep inspiration) then longer and slow expiration. Continue this breathing pattern for 10-20 breath.; Repeated step (5), 4-6 times or about 10-15minutes with rest in between 30 seconds.; The session was repeated three times per week for 12 weeks.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA)	Evaluating tests of balance and gait Description: The Tinetti assessment tool is an easily administered task-oriented test that measures an older adult's Scoring: A three-point ordinal scale, ranging from 0-2. "0" indicates the highest level of impairment and "2" the individuals independence. Total Balance Score = 16 Total Gait Score = 12 Total Test Score = 28 Interpretation: 25-28 = low fall risk 19-24 = medium fall risk < 19 = high fall risk	12 weeks
The five Times Sit to Stand Test	Evaluating fall risk	12 weeks
The muscle quality index (MQI)	Evaluating age-related alterations in muscle function	12 weeks
The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)	Evaluating psychological aspect Of the 15 items, 10 indicated the presence of depression when answered positively, while the rest (question numbers 1, 5, 7, 11, 13) indicated depression when answered negatively. Scores of 0-4 are considered normal, depending on age, education, and complaints; 5-8 indicate mild depression; 9-11 indicate moderate depression; and 12-15 indicate severe depression.	12 weeks
The 6 minutes' walk test (6MWT)	Evaluating aerobic fitness	12 weeks
Short form Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE)	Evaluating cognitive decline; Minimum score: 16; Maximum score: 80; High score means worse outcome.	12 weeks
Evaluation of oxygen saturation (SPO2) and heart rate (HR)	By using the pulse oximeter.	12 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Modified Borg Dyspnoea Scale	Evaluating level of exertion during exercise It starts at number 0 where your breathing is causing you no difficulty at all and progresses through to number 10 where your breathing difficulty is maximal	12 weeks
Evaluation of forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1) and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV)	By using spirometry	12 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Cairo University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Sherif O Elabd, Master, May University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): March 1, 2023
• Primary Completion (Actual): June 15, 2023
• Study Completion (Actual): June 30, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: February 22, 2023
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 2, 2023
• First Posted (Actual): March 14, 2023

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): September 13, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 11, 2023
• Last Verified: September 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Metabolic Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
• Other Study ID Numbers: Dr Sherif Elabd

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No