Repeated Sprint Training in Normobaric Hypoxia

Three Sessions of Repeated Sprint Training in Normobaric Hypoxia With 48-Hour Interval Improves Repeated Sprint Performance Indices

The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of 3-session repeated sprint training performed in a normobaric hypoxic condition with 48-hour rest intervals on sprint performance indices, arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scores. Twenty-four moderately-trained males participated in this study voluntarily basis. This study was conducted on single-blind placebo-controlled design. Participants were divided into three groups as follows; normobaric hypoxia (3420 m; HYP), normobaric normoxia (162 m; PLA) and control group (CON). HYP and PLA groups subjected to 3 repeated sprint training session (4 set x 5 x 5 s sprints with 30 s recovery and 5 min rest between the sets) in normobaric hypoxia or normoxia condition. Pre- and pos-test were conducted 72 hours before and after the training intervention period. All the training and testing sessions performed in cycle ergometer. There were no detected significant time and condition interaction in the variables; relative peak power output (PPO), mean power output (MPO), percentage of sprint decrement score (Sdec%) and RPE observed in the scope of pre- and post-test.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Hypoxia
• Intervention / Treatment: Device: Normobaric Hypoxia Exposure; Device: Normobaric Normoxia Exposure

Detailed Description

This single-blind placebo-controlled designed study was approved by Ankara University Human Research Ethics Committee (2020/277) and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The participants in normobaric hypoxia (HYP) and placebo (PLA) groups visited the laboratory six times and the control (CON) group visited three times. At the first visit of participants, the aim and the possible outcomes of the research was explained, the familiarization process for cycle ergometer and test/training protocol was performed, and the informed consent forms were obtained. The participants were divided randomly into three groups after the anthropometric measurements and baseline tests were completed so as part of the second visit. The groups were divided as follows; HYP group (n=9) which were exposed to normobaric hypoxia equal to 3420 m (FiO2: 13.5-13.6 %), PLA (n=7) that were exposed to normobaric normoxia equal to 162 m (FiO2: 20.9 %) through wearing the altitude generator mask, and the control group (CON; n=8) which was subjected to only pre and post-test. The determined hypoxic dose for HYP group was directly implemented (setting 9 was equal to 3420 m on used hypoxia generator), and no correction was made for the actual altitude (900 m, Golbasi, Ankara, Türkiye). The normobaric hypoxia and placebo condition was provided by Everest Summit II-Altitude Generator (Hypoxico Hypoxicator, New York, USA). At the 3rd-5th visits, HYP and PLA groups performed 3 repeated sprint training sessions under normobaric hypoxia or normoxia exposure with 48-hour intervals. And the participants visited the laboratory last time for post-test measurements. Each participant visited the laboratory for training sessions and test trials at the same time in the day. In the scope of pre and post-test repeated sprint indices, SpO2 and RPE data were collected. Pre-test and post-test were conducted 72 hours before and 72 hours after the training intervention period in normobaric normoxia condition. Including the testing days, the intervention period lasted 11 days in November 2022. All the experimental processes were conducted in Ankara University Performance Laboratory.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 24
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Ankara, Turkey
    • Ankara University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• non-smokers,
• male gender,
• those who do not have any chronic disease,
• do not use any medication,
• do not any training or accommodate above 1500 m altitude within the past 3 months,
• do not have any musculoskeletal injuries within the past 6 months and,
• train at least 3 days in a week.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Having a chronic or acute condition/disease during the intervention period
• Occurrence of acute respiratory illness or musculoskeletal injury during the intervention period
• Leaving the study voluntarily/on his own account

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Other
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: 3 Session Repeated Sprint Training in Normobaric Hypoxia; Hypoxia group was exposed to normobaric hypoxia equal to 3420 m (FiO2: 13.5-13.6 %).	Device: Normobaric Hypoxia Exposure; Hypoxia group were exposed to normobaric hypoxia equal to 3420 m (FiO2: 13.5-13.6 %).
Sham Comparator: 3 Session Repeated Sprint Training in Normobaric Normoxia; Placebo group was exposed to normobaric normoxia equal to 162 m (FiO2: 20.9 %) through wearing the altitude generator mask.	Device: Normobaric Normoxia Exposure; Placebo group were exposed to normobaric normoxia equal to 162 m (FiO2: 20.9 %) through wearing the altitude generator mask.
No Intervention: Control group; The control group was subjected to only pre and post-test.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Relative Peak Power Output	Relative peak power output (as newton meter) produced during the repeated cycling sprint tests by the participant in the scope of pre and post tests were recorded and assessed via Lode Cycling Ergometer Software. The total intervention period was 11 days from pre to post test. The change evaluated from pre to post test.	11 days
Relative Mean Power Output	Relative mean power output (as newton meter) produced during the repeated cycling sprint tests by the participant in the scope of pre and post tests were recorded and assessed via Lode Cycling Ergometer Software. The total intervention period was 11 days from pre to post test. The change evaluated from pre to post test.	11 days
Percentage of Sprint Decrement Score	Percentage of sprint decrement score calculated via relative peak power output produced during the repeated cycling sprint tests by the each participant in the scope of pre and post tests. The used sprint decrement score formula was as the follows; "Sdec% = [1 - (total power/ideal power)] × 100". Total power refers to accumulated PPO over the number of sprints and ideal power is defines the achieved highest PPO over the repetitions. An increase in the obtained score means that the sprint performance decreases.The total intervention period was 11 days from pre to post test. The change evaluated from pre to post test.	11 days

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Arterial Oxygen Saturation	Arterial oxygen saturation was measured and recorded via fingertip oximeter during the repeated cycling sprint tests for the end of the each sprint. The total intervention period was 11 days from pre to post test. The change evaluated from pre to post test.	11 days
Rate of Perceived Exertion	Rate of Perceived exertion evaluated via 6-20 Borg scale and recorded during the repeated cycling sprint tests for the end of the each sprint. The total intervention period was 11 days from pre to post test. The change evaluated from pre to post test. Scoring Level of Exertion 6 No Exertion 7 Extremely Light 8 9 Very Light 10 11 Light 12 13 Somewhat Hard 14 15 Hard (Heavy) 16 17 Very Hard 18 19 Extremely Hard 20 Maximal Exertion	11 days

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Ankara University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): November 1, 2022
• Primary Completion (Actual): November 25, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): December 19, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 15, 2023
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 22, 2023
• First Posted (Actual): August 1, 2023

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): August 1, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 22, 2023
• Last Verified: July 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: normobaric hypoxia; repeated sprint training
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Signs and Symptoms, Respiratory; Hypoxia
• Other Study ID Numbers: Interventional (Oncolys BioPharma Inc)

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No