Investigation of the Relationship of Pain Perception and Pain Belief With Age in People With Chronic Lack Pain

This study was planned to investigate the relationship between pain perceptions and pain beliefs of individuals in different age groups with chronic low back pain and symptom severity.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Low Back Pain; Chronic Pain
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Survey1; Other: Survey2; Other: Survey3

Detailed Description

The study will be conducted as an observational descriptive and cross-sectional research. Participants will be recruited after the purpose and content of the research are explained by the researchers, their written consent is read, and the volunteers who agree to be included in the study are given their written consent. The data collection process was carried out face-to-face and via a Google Forms survey over the internet, and will be conducted with the participants face-to-face and online. In the study; The pain beliefs questionnaire (PBQ), the centrality of pain scale (COPS) and the numerical rating scale (NRS-11) will be used.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 210

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Istanbul, Turkey
    • Üsküdar Unıversıty

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The study will take place in Istanbul, Turkey. Volunteers who accepted the voluntary consent form will be included in the study.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• having low back pain for at least the past three months
• be between the ages of 18-79.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Those outside the age limit of 18-79 and illiteracy.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

3

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
young group; Participants aged 18-39	Other: Survey1; As a research, it was planned to be a quantitative research. Data collection will be conducted through online and face-to-face surveys. Scales and forms to be found and used in the research: The Pain Beliefs Questionnaire-PBQ, Numerical Rating Scale (NRS-11) and The Central Of Pain Scale-COPS. By handing out the paper format to the participants and uploading it to the Google Forms system online, it can be downloaded from mail, social media or mobile phone applications such as message, Mail, etc. They will be asked to participate in the study by accessing
middle-aged group; Participants aged 40-56	Other: Survey2; As a research, it was planned to be a quantitative research. Data collection will be conducted through online and face-to-face surveys. Scales and forms to be found and used in the research: The Pain Beliefs Questionnaire-PBQ, Numerical Rating Scale (NRS-11) and The Central Of Pain Scale-COPS. By handing out the paper format to the participants and uploading it to the Google Forms system online, it can be downloaded from mail, social media or mobile phone applications such as message, Mail, etc. They will be asked to participate in the study by accessing
elderly group; Participants aged 57-79	Other: Survey3; As a research, it was planned to be a quantitative research. Data collection will be conducted through online and face-to-face surveys. Scales and forms to be found and used in the research: The Pain Beliefs Questionnaire-PBQ, Numerical Rating Scale (NRS-11) and The Central Of Pain Scale-COPS. By handing out the paper format to the participants and uploading it to the Google Forms system online, it can be downloaded from mail, social media or mobile phone applications such as message, Mail, etc. They will be asked to participate in the study by accessing

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
The numeric rating scale - NRS-11	When using the NRS-11, patients are asked to rate their pain on a scale of 0 to 10; where using integers (11 integers including zero) 0 represents "no pain" and 10 represents "worst possible pain". Based on prior studies and clinical experience of use, pain screening scores NRS-11 scores as mild (1-3) are classified as moderate (4-6) or severe (7-10).	2 weeks
The centrality of pain scale - COPS)	It is a short 10-item self-report scale designed to assess the centrality of pain. COPS scores are significantly correlated with the clinician's assessment of individual-reported pain severity, disability, mental health, quality of life, and how well the patient's pain is controlled. Each item is rated on a five-point Likert scale. It is a 10-item questionnaire (1: strongly disagree, 2: disagree, 3: neither agree nor disagree, 4: agree, 5: strongly agree). Items 2, 4 and 9 are evaluated in reverse. The resulting value is the sum of all item scores. Higher scores indicate more "central" pain. The highest possible score is 50 and the lowest possible score is 10.	2 weeks
The pain beliefs questionnaire - PBQ	Two subtests of the test were created: the 8-item Organic Beliefs subtest and the 4-item Psychological Beliefs subtest. The item numbers of both subtests are listed as follows: Organic Beliefs: items 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, Psychological Beliefs: Items 4, 6, 9, 12. The test takers are asked to indicate the most appropriate one for the participants from 6 options ranging from 1st "never" to 6th "always". The marked scores range from 1 to 6 for each item. The score collected for each subtest is calculated by taking the items in that subtest and summing them up and dividing the numbers by the number of items related to that subtest. An increase in the value calculated from the sub-dimension of the scale indicates that the belief in pain belonging to the sub-dimension is high, and a decrease in the value indicates low pain belief in the sub-dimension.	2 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Uskudar University
• Investigators: Study Chair: Mahsun EKİNCİ, Uskudar university

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Walsh DA, Radcliffe JC. Pain beliefs and perceived physical disability of patients with chronic low back pain. Pain. 2002 May;97(1-2):23-31. doi: 10.1016/s0304-3959(01)00426-2.
• Wandner LD, Scipio CD, Hirsh AT, Torres CA, Robinson ME. The perception of pain in others: how gender, race, and age influence pain expectations. J Pain. 2012 Mar;13(3):220-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2011.10.014. Epub 2012 Jan 5.
• La Touche R, Grande-Alonso M, Arnes-Prieto P, Paris-Alemany A. How Does Self-Efficacy Influence Pain Perception, Postural Stability and Range of Motion in Individuals with Chronic Low Back Pain? Pain Physician. 2019 Jan;22(1):E1-E13.
• Baird AJ, Haslam RA. Exploring differences in pain beliefs within and between a large nonclinical (workplace) population and a clinical (chronic low back pain) population using the pain beliefs questionnaire. Phys Ther. 2013 Dec;93(12):1615-24. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20120429. Epub 2013 Jul 25.
• Pulvers K, Hood A. The role of positive traits and pain catastrophizing in pain perception. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2013 May;17(5):330. doi: 10.1007/s11916-013-0330-2.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): September 1, 2023
• Primary Completion (Actual): September 2, 2023
• Study Completion (Actual): September 25, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 9, 2023
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 10, 2023
• First Posted (Actual): August 18, 2023

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): October 2, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 29, 2023
• Last Verified: September 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: pain perception; pain beliefs
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pain; Neurologic Manifestations; Back Pain; Low Back Pain; Chronic Pain
• Other Study ID Numbers: Uskudar67

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No