Change in Taste Sensation After Orthognathic Surgery

Evaluation of Change in Taste Sense After Orthognathic Surgery

Orthognathic surgery refers to jaw operations that can be performed on the upper jaws (Le Fort I osteotomy) and lower jaws (Sagittal Split Ramus osteotomy). In orthognathic surgery practice, taste perception could be affected by potential damage to peripheral nerves that conduct chemosensory information regarding gustation from the palate and tongue. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in the sense of taste after Le Fort I osteotomy, Sagittal Split Ramus osteotomy, and bimaxillary surgery.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Orthognathic Surgery; Altered Taste
• Intervention / Treatment: Diagnostic test: Whole mouth taste tests; Diagnostic test: Localized taste tests

Detailed Description

The subjects were orthognathic surgery patients with facial skeletal deformities who applied to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Thirty-five patients, aged 17-42 years, gustatory functions were evaluated by administering localized taste tests and whole mouth taste tests preoperatively and at postoperative 1st, 3rd, and 6th months. In the tests, solutions containing sucrose for a sweet taste, sodium chloride for a salty taste, citric acid for a sour taste, and quinine hydrochloride for a bitter taste were used. Patients were compared between the operation group they were in and between operation groups.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 35
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Bağcılar, Istanbul
    • Istanbul, Bağcılar, Istanbul, Turkey, 34214
      • Istanbul Medipol University
  • Fatih
    • Istanbul, Fatih, Turkey, 34083
      • Istanbul Medipol University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Child; Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• dentofacial deformity
• American Society of Anesthesiologists category 1 or 2

Exclusion Criteria:

• zinc, iron, and/or vitamin deficiencies
• oncological, neurological, endocrinological, and rheumatological diseases
• chronic drug use due to systemic disease
• smokers
• history of chemotherapy and radiotherapy to the head and neck region, orthognathic surgery, maxillofacial trauma, and damage to the nerves related to the taste sensation

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Screening
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Streaming of patients and administration of tests; 35 patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into surgical groups. Patients with indications for upper jaw surgery were divided into Le Fort I operation, patients with lower jaw surgery were divided into Sagittal Split Ramus operation, and double jaw surgery groups. Localized taste tests and whole-mouth taste tests were applied to the patients.	Diagnostic test: Whole mouth taste tests; Patients who underwent Le Fort I osteotomy, Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy, and Bimaxillary Surgeries were asked to identify the quality of 4 basic taste modalities preoperatively and at postoperative 1st, 3rd, and 6th months by administering whole mouth taste tests. In the whole mouth taste test, one ml of the specific solution was drawn into the syringe and sprayed into the mouth of the patient circularly. After each administration, patients spat out the solutions and reported whether they perceived any taste and, if so, which taste it was.; Diagnostic test: Localized taste tests; Patients who underwent Le Fort I osteotomy, Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy, and Bimaxillary Surgeries were asked to identify the quality of 4 basic taste modalities preoperatively and at postoperative 1st, 3rd, and 6th months by administering localized taste tests. In the localized mouth taste test, the highest concentration solution of one of the four flavors was administered. In each application, 0.25 ml of solution was absorbed on a sterile cotton swab and applied on 6 test areas on the palate and tongue.; Other Names: Spatial taste test
Experimental: Repetition of tests at certain intervals; Gustatory functions were evaluated by administering localized taste tests and whole mouth taste tests preoperatively and at postoperative 1st, 3rd, and 6th months.	Diagnostic test: Whole mouth taste tests; Patients who underwent Le Fort I osteotomy, Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy, and Bimaxillary Surgeries were asked to identify the quality of 4 basic taste modalities preoperatively and at postoperative 1st, 3rd, and 6th months by administering whole mouth taste tests. In the whole mouth taste test, one ml of the specific solution was drawn into the syringe and sprayed into the mouth of the patient circularly. After each administration, patients spat out the solutions and reported whether they perceived any taste and, if so, which taste it was.; Diagnostic test: Localized taste tests; Patients who underwent Le Fort I osteotomy, Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy, and Bimaxillary Surgeries were asked to identify the quality of 4 basic taste modalities preoperatively and at postoperative 1st, 3rd, and 6th months by administering localized taste tests. In the localized mouth taste test, the highest concentration solution of one of the four flavors was administered. In each application, 0.25 ml of solution was absorbed on a sterile cotton swab and applied on 6 test areas on the palate and tongue.; Other Names: Spatial taste test

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Taste recognition threshold	The solutions were administered in increasing concentrations, starting from the lowest concentration up to the highest concentration until the patient perceived any taste. The lowest concentration at which the patient correctly perceived the administered taste was defined as the "taste recognition threshold. Taste recognition threshold is the primer outcome for whole-mouth taste tests.	Six months
Taste intensity rating	The patients were instructed to focus on the perceived taste without closing their mouths and asked to identify the taste and rate the intensity of the taste using a scale ranging between 0 'no taste' and 9 'strongest taste', after each administration. Taste intensity rating is the primer outcome for localized taste tests.	Six months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Yağmur Malkoc
• Collaborators: Istanbul Medipol University Hospital
• Investigators: Study Director: Sina UÇKAN, Medipol University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Ylikontiola L, Kinnunen J, Oikarinen K. Factors affecting neurosensory disturbance after mandibular bilateral sagittal split osteotomy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2000 Nov;58(11):1234-9; discussion 1239-40. doi: 10.1053/joms.2000.16621.
• Bowe DC, Gruber EA, McLeod NM. Nerve injury associated with orthognathic surgery. Part 1: UK practice and motor nerve injuries. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016 May;54(4):362-5. doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2016.01.026. Epub 2016 Feb 28.
• Gent JF, Shafer DM, Frank ME. The effect of orthognathic surgery on taste function on the palate and tongue. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2003 Jul;61(7):766-73. doi: 10.1016/s0278-2391(03)00152-6.
• Al-Din OF, Coghlan KM, Magennis P. Sensory nerve disturbance following Le Fort I osteotomy. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1996 Feb;25(1):13-9. doi: 10.1016/s0901-5027(96)80005-1.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): July 17, 2020
• Primary Completion (Actual): January 22, 2021
• Study Completion (Actual): November 25, 2021

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 23, 2023
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 23, 2023
• First Posted (Actual): October 26, 2023

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): October 26, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 23, 2023
• Last Verified: October 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Gustation; Taste sense
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Nervous System Diseases; Neurologic Manifestations; Sensation Disorders; Taste Disorders; Dysgeusia
• Other Study ID Numbers: IstanbulMUH-DF-YM-01

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Study Data/Documents

1. Clinical Study Report
2. Individual Participant Data Set
3. Individual Participant Data Set

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No