The SUPRAMAX Study: Supramaximal Resection Versus Maximal Resection for High-Grade Glioma Patients (ENCRAM 2201) (SUPRAMAX)

The SUPRAMAX-study: Supramaximal Resection Versus Maximal Resection for High-Grade Glioma Patients (ENCRAM 2201)

A greater extent of resection of the contrast-enhancing (CE) tumor part has been associated with improved outcomes in high-grade glioma patients. Recent results suggest that resection of the non-contrast-enhancing (NCE) part might yield even better survival outcomes (supramaximal resection, SMR). Therefore, this study evaluates the efficacy and safety of SMR with and without mapping techniques in HGG patients in terms of survival, functional, neurological, cognitive, and quality of life outcomes. Furthermore, it evaluates which patients benefit the most from SMR, and how they could be identified preoperatively.

This study is an international, multicenter, prospective, 2-arm cohort study of observational nature. Consecutive HGG patients will be operated with supramaximal resection or maximal resection at a 1:3 ratio. Primary endpoints are: 1) overall survival and 2) proportion of patients with NIHSS (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale) deterioration at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively. Secondary endpoints are 1) residual CE and NCE tumor volume on postoperative T1-contrast and FLAIR MRI scans 2) progression-free survival; 3) onco-functional outcome, and 4) quality of life at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively.

The study will be carried out by the centers affiliated with the European and North American Consortium and Registry for Intraoperative Mapping (ENCRAM).

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Glioblastoma; Brain Neoplasms; Astrocytoma, Grade III; High-grade Glioma; Astrocytoma, Grade IV; Glioblastoma, IDH-mutant; Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype; Glioblastoma Multiforme, Adult; Brain Neoplasm, Primary; Brain Neoplasm, Malignant; Astrocytoma, Malignant; Brain Neoplasms, Adult
• Intervention / Treatment: Procedure: Supramaximal resection; Procedure: Maximal safe resection

Detailed Description

This is an international, multicenter, prospective, observational, 2-arm cohort study (registration: clinicaltrials.gov ID number TBA). Eligible patients are operated with supramaximal resection versus maximal resection with a 1:3 ratio with a sequential computer-generated random number as subject ID. Intraoperative mapping techniques and/or surgical adjuncts can be used in both treatment arms to ensure the safety of the resection (to minimize the risk of postoperative deficits). Supramaximal resection is defined as 0 cm3 CE tumor and 5 cm3 or less NCE tumor, whereas maximal resection is defined as 0 cm3 CE tumor and >5 cm3 NCE tumor (in line with the updated RANO criteria).

Study patients are allocated to either the supramaximal or maximal safe resection group and will undergo evaluation at presentation (baseline) and during the follow-up period at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively. Motor function will be evaluated using the NIHSS (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale) scale. Language function will be evaluated using a standard neurolinguistic test-battery consisting of the Aphasia Bedside Check (ABC), Shortened Token test, Verbal fluency, Picture description and Object naming. Cognitive function will be assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA). Patient functioning with be assessed with the Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) and the ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) physical status classification system. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) will be assessed with the EORTC QLQ C30, EORTC QLQ BN20 and EQ 5D questionnaires. Overall survival and progression-free survival will be assessed. We expect to complete patient inclusion in 4 years. The estimated duration of the study (including follow-up) will be 5 years.

The primary study objective is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of supramaximal resection versus safe maximal resection in HGG patients as measured by overall survival (OS) and postoperative NIHSS deterioration. Secondary study objectives are to evaluate extent of resection of CE and NCE tumor, quality of life, progression-free survival (PFS), onco-functional outcome (OFO), and SAEs after SMR or maximal safe resections as measured by volumetric analyses of contrast-enhanced MRI images with gadolinium combined with FLAIR images, tumor progression on MRI scans, quality of life questionnaires (EORTC QLQ C30, EORTC QLQ BN20, EQ 5D), combining postoperative residual volume with NIHSS outcomes, and recording SAEs respectively.

Patients will be recruited from the neurosurgical or neurological outpatient clinic or through referral from general hospitals of the participating neurosurgical hospitals, located in Europe and the United States. The study is carried out by centers from the ENCRAM Consortium.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Estimated): 784

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Jasper Gerritsen, MD PhD; Phone Number: +31107036130; Email: j.gerritsen@erasmusmc.nl
• Study Contact Backup: Name: Arnaud Vincent, MD PhD; Phone Number: +31107034211; Email: a.vincent@erasmusmc.nl

Study Locations

• Belgium
  • Leuven, Belgium, 3000
    • Recruiting
    • University Hospitals Leuven
    • Contact: Steven De Vleeschouwer, MD PhD
• Germany
  • Baden-Württemberg
    • Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany, 69120
      • Recruiting
      • Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg
      • Contact: Christine Jungk, MD PhD
      • Contact: Sandro Krieg, MD MBA
  • Bavaria
    • Munich, Bavaria, Germany, 74076
      • Not yet recruiting
      • Technical University Munich
      • Contact: Arthur Wagner, MD PhD
• Netherlands
  • Zuid-Holland
    • Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands, 3015 GD
      • Recruiting
      • Erasmus Medical Center
      • Contact: Jasper Gerritsen, MD PhD
    • The Hague, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands, 2512 VA
      • Recruiting
      • Haaglanden Medical Centre
      • Contact: Marike Broekman, MD PhD
• Switzerland
  • Bern, Switzerland, 3010
    • Not yet recruiting
    • Inselspital Universitatsspital Bern
    • Contact: Philippe Schucht, MD PhD
• United States
  • California
    • San Francisco, California, United States, 94143
      • Recruiting
      • University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)
      • Contact: Mitchel Berger, MD
  • Massachusetts
    • Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02114
      • Recruiting
      • Massachusetts General Hospital
      • Contact: Brian Nahed, MD

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: N/A

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Patients with primary high-grade glioma will be recruited from the neurosurgical or neurological outpatient clinic or through referral from general hospitals of the participating neurosurgical hospitals, located in Europe and the United States. The study is carried out by centers from the ENCRAM Consortium.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age ≥18 years and ≤90 years
2. Tumor diagnosed as HGG (WHO grade III/IV) on MRI as assessed by the neurosurgeon
3. Written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Tumors of the cerebellum, brainstem or midline
2. Multifocal contrast enhancing lesions
3. Medical reasons precluding MRI (e.g. pacemaker)
4. Inability to give written informed consent
5. Secondary high-grade glioma due to malignant transformation from low-grade glioma
6. Second primary malignancy within the past 5 years with the exception of adequately treated in situ carcinoma of any organ or basal cell carcinoma of the skin

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

2

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
Supramaximal resection; Supramaximal resection: maximal resection of the contrast-enhancing and non-contrast-enhancing part of the tumor (FLAIRectomy)	Procedure: Supramaximal resection; Supramaximal resection. Tumor resection continues until either the FLAIR abnormalities have been resected based on the neuronavigation (after updating the navigation intraoperatively), or when subcortical tracts are identified with intraoperative stimulation.; Other Names: Supramarginal resection; FLAIRectomy; Resection of the non-contrast-enhancing tumor
Maximal safe resection; Maximal safe resection of the contrast-enhancing part of the tumor	Procedure: Maximal safe resection; Maximal safe resection. Tumor resection continues until maximal safe resection has been achieved as by the neurosurgeon's opinion.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Overall survival	Time from diagnosis to death from any cause	Up to 5 years postoperatively
Neurological morbidity at 6 weeks	NIHSS deterioration of 1 point or more at 6 weeks after surgery	6 weeks postoperatively

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Neurological morbidity at 3 months	NIHSS deterioration of 1 point or more at 3 months after surgery	3 months postoperatively
Neurological morbidity at 6 months	NIHSS deterioration of 1 point or more at 6 months after surgery	6 months postoperatively
Progression-free survival	Time from diagnosis to disease progression (occurrence of a new tumor lesions with a volume greater than 0.175 cm3, or an increase in residual tumor volume of more than 25%) or death, whichever comes first	Up to 5 years postoperatively
Residual tumor volume	Residual tumor volume of the contrast-enhancing and non-contrast enhancing part, as assessed by a neuroradiologist on postoperative MRI scan (T1 with contrast and FLAIR sequences) using manual or semi-automatic volumetric analyses (Brainlab Elements iPlan CMF Segmentation, Brainlab AG, Munich, Germany; or similar software)	Within 72 hours postoperatively
Onco-functional outcome	According to the OFO classification, consisting of the combination of presence/absence of functional deterioration with gross-total resection	6 weeks postoperatively
Quality of life at 6 weeks (EORTC QLQ C30)	Quality of life as assessed by the EORTC QLQ C30 questionnaire	6 weeks postoperatively
Quality of life at 6 weeks (EORTC QLQ BN20)	Quality of life as assessed by the EORTC QLQ BN20 questionnaire	6 weeks postoperatively
Quality of life at 6 weeks (EQ-5D)	Quality of life as assessed by the EQ-5D questionnaire	6 weeks postoperatively
Quality of life at 3 months (EORTC QLQ C30)	Quality of life as assessed by the EORTC QLQ C30 questionnaire	3 months postoperatively
Quality of life at 3 months (EORTC QLQ BN20)	Quality of life as assessed by the EORTC QLQ BN20 questionnaire	3 months postoperatively
Quality of life at 3 months (EQ-5D)	Quality of life as assessed by the EQ-5D questionnaire	3 months postoperatively
Quality of life at 6 months (EORTC QLQ C30)	Quality of life as assessed by the EORTC QLQ C30 questionnaire	6 months postoperatively
Quality of life at 6 months (EORTC QLQ BN20)	Quality of life as assessed by the EORTC QLQ BN20 questionnaire	6 months postoperatively
Quality of life at 6 months (EQ-5D)	Quality of life as assessed by the EQ-5D questionnaire	6 months postoperatively
Serious Adverse Events	Serious Adverse Events within 6 weeks postoperatively	6 weeks postoperatively

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Jasper Gerritsen
• Collaborators: Massachusetts General Hospital; Universitaire Ziekenhuizen KU Leuven; University of California, San Francisco; University Hospital Heidelberg; Technical University of Munich; Haaglanden Medical Centre; Insel Gruppe AG, University Hospital Bern
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Jasper Gerritsen, MD PhD, Erasmus Medical Center

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 1, 2022
• Primary Completion (Estimated): January 1, 2027
• Study Completion (Estimated): January 1, 2028

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 12, 2023
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 1, 2023
• First Posted (Actual): November 7, 2023

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimated): February 22, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 20, 2024
• Last Verified: February 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Quality of life; Glioblastoma; Overall survival; Progression-free survival; Neurological morbidity; Supramaximal resection; FLAIRectomy; Non-contrast enhancement
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Brain Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Neoplasms by Histologic Type; Neoplasms by Site; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial; Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial; Neuroectodermal Tumors; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue; Central Nervous System Neoplasms; Nervous System Neoplasms; Neoplasms; Glioblastoma; Glioma; Brain Neoplasms; Astrocytoma
• Other Study ID Numbers: MEC-2020-0812-2

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No