Otago Exercises and Otago Exercise Effects on Elderly Population

Additional Effects of Otago Exercises With Exer-gaming on Balance, Physical Performance and Gait Among the Elderly Population

My study aims to investigate the profound impact of exer gaming on normal aged individuals within our society. Additionally, I seek to compare the effects of exer gaming-based exercises and Otago exercises on crucial aspects such as balance, physical performance, and gait pattern among the normal aged population. This study holds immense significance as it has the potential to greatly improve the health and wellbeing of the elderly population. By identifying an efficacious physical therapy intervention to address the complications associated with balance, physical performance, and gait pattern, we can effectively mitigate further dysfunctions in this demographic.

Study Overview

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Conditions: Elderly Population
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Otago Exercise + Exer gaming; Other: exer gaming based programme

Detailed Description

Aging is a complex process characterized by the gradual loss of physiological reserves. In Portugal, the percentage of adults over 65 years old has increased from 16% in 2001 to 21.5% in 2017, with 13.4% of that 21.5% being above 85 years old. The United Nations estimates that about 13% of the world's population was aged 60 years and older in 2015. This aging population poses a complex challenge that needs to be addressed in a structured manner.

Aging is generally accompanied by a deterioration in physical function, including decreased mobility, imbalance, and impaired muscle function, which can directly lead to increased dependency and decreased quality of life among older adults. Balance declines with age, a complex sensory-motor process involving the visual, vestibular, and musculoskeletal systems working together to produce postural stability. Skeletal muscular changes may contribute to poor balance control in older adults.

Gait is an integral part of one's personality and strongly affects a person's social and personal life. Prevalence for gait and balance disorders increases with age, with 10% for age 60-69 and more than 60% for >80 years. Physical exercise is considered the main method of improving older adults' physical conditions. One of the exercise interventions that can be used is The Otago Exercise Program (OEP), which is home-based and consists of balance and strengthening exercises adjusted to one's needs. Studies have shown that the OEP can help improve physical function in older community groups through balance and strength training and reduce the incidence of falls and fall injuries by 35%.

However, adherence to exercise programs in older adults is often low due to barriers such as lack of motivation, enjoyment, and fatigue. Over the last few decades, virtual reality has been incorporated into exercise programs to help improve adherence and reduce the risk of falls and falls injuries in older adults.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 44
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Sara Aabroo, Ms NMPT; Phone Number: 03155185508; Email: sara.aabroo@riphah.edu.pk

Study Locations

• Pakistan
  • KPK
    • Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
      • RAFSAN Neuro Rehabilitation center
      • Contact: Sara Aabroo, Ms NMPT; Phone Number: 03155185508; Email: sara.aabroo@riphah.edu.pk
      • Sub-Investigator: Jalwa Zahid, MS NMPT

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Both genders
• Age > 55 Years
• Berg balance scale score 21-40
• Moca >24
• Urinary bowel continence

Exclusion Criteria:

• Having history of other neurological conditions (i.e. Dementia, Parkinson's disease)
• Having contagious or inflammatory conditions.
• Having orthopedic limitations such as fractures
• Unable to comply with the training or currently participating in another interfering therapy
• With Vision problems
• Having uncontrolled cardiac conditions such as uncontrolled hypertension

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Other: additional effects of exer gaming with otago exercises; Strengthening training; Sitting knee extension; Standing hip abduction; Standing knee flexion; Tip toe; Heel tiptoe Balance training; Knee bends; Backward walking; Walk in figure 8; Sideways walking; Tandem stands; Tandem walking; 1-leg stand; Heel walking; Toe walking; Heel-toe walking backward; Sit to stand After Otago exercises, the participants will receive the following exer-gaming based exercises.; Football player; Boat; Volleyball beach	Other: Otago Exercise + Exer gaming; In this group the participant will receive otago exercises and exer-gaming based exercises. The duration of each session this group will receive is of 60 minutes A total of 12 sessions will be held, 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Reading will be taken on baseline, after 2 week
Other: exer gaming based exercises; The participants will receive the following exer-gaming based exercises.; Football player; Boat; Volleyball beach	Other: exer gaming based programme; In this group the participant will receive exer-gaming based exercises. The duration of each session this group will receive is of 60 minutes A total of 12 sessions will be held, 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Reading will be taken on baseline, after 2 weeks and then after 4 weeks.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Berg balance scale	Consists of 14 tasks and total score of 56.score of 0-20 indicates severe fall risk, 20-45 includes moderate risk of fall and 45-60 illustrates thr functional balances state.	4th week

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Time Up and Go (TUG)	The TUG test is a simple assessment used to evaluate a person's mobility and balance. It measures the time it takes for an individual to stand up from a seated position, walk a short distance (typically 3 meters), turn around, walk back, and sit down again. This test is often used to assess the risk of falls among older adults	4th week
dynamic gait index	Assess the likelihood of falling in older adults.total score is of 24.score less than 19 is predictive of fall risks.	4th week
10 Meter Walk Test (10MWT)	The 10MWT is a clinical assessment used to measure an individual's walking speed over a 10-meter distance. It is often used to assess gait and mobility, as well as to track changes in a person's walking abilities over time.	4th week
Moca(Montreal Cognitive Assessment)	MoCA is a cognitive assessment tool used to screen for mild cognitive impairment. It assesses various cognitive functions, including memory, attention, language, and visuospatial abilities. It consists of tasks and questions that provide a total score, with lower scores indicating potential cognitive deficits.	4th week

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Riphah International University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Sara Aabroo, MS NMPT, Riphah International University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Estimated): January 1, 2024
• Primary Completion (Estimated): December 30, 2024
• Study Completion (Estimated): January 1, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 19, 2023
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 19, 2023
• First Posted (Actual): January 5, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): January 5, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 19, 2023
• Last Verified: December 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Otago exercises; Exer gaming; Distorted balance; Disturbed gait; Reduce physical performance; Older population
• Other Study ID Numbers: Jalwa Zahid

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No