Comparison of the Perception of Non-technical Skills

Comparison of the Perception of Non-technical Skills by Students, Self-assessment and Teachers, Developed During the Clinical Simulation in Students of the Degree in Physiotherapy

Clinical simulation has recently acquired great importance in the health sciences. It is a pedagogical methodology that is increasingly used in health science degrees, since it is very useful for the acquisition of both technical and non-technical skills (leadership, teamwork and effective communication, among others).

However, if the investigators focus on physical therapy, the use of clinical simulation is a novel field and therefore requires a great deal of research. Researchers in this field do not yet have the consistency and experience as in other health branches such as medicine or nursing, where the participants have been using high-fidelity simulators for years for the learning of all their students.

Clinical simulation allows students to achieve these competencies without the need to practice on real patients. For all these reasons, and because of the situation of need generated in recent years, in which internships in hospitals and clinical centers were completely suppressed, the need for our research is justified.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Healthy
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Clinical Simulation

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 100
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Carmen Casal-Angulo, PhD RN; Phone Number: +34629037362; Email: m.carmen.casal@uv.es

Study Locations

• Spain
  • Valencia, Spain
    • Recruiting
    • Carmen Casal
    • Contact: Carmen Casal-Angulo; Phone Number: +34629037362; Email: m.carmen.casal@uv.es

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Second year students of the Physiotherapy Degree
• They do not have clinical experience with real patients.
• Subject teachers

Exclusion Criteria:

• Not wanting to sign to participate in the study.
• Not signing the informed consent
• Teachers who do not have experience in clinical simulation

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Screening
• Allocation: Non-Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Between equals; Physiotherapy students who do not participate in the simulation, but they do observe the simulation and participate in the debriefing.	Other: Clinical Simulation; Carrying out a total of 9 clinical simulation in three days, one day every two weeks, where the student resolves a situation by taking on the role of a physiotherapist with a simulated patient.
Experimental: Self appraisal; Physiotherapy students who participate in the simulation in all its phases.	Other: Clinical Simulation; Carrying out a total of 9 clinical simulation in three days, one day every two weeks, where the student resolves a situation by taking on the role of a physiotherapist with a simulated patient.
Active Comparator: Lecturers; Teachers observing the intervention and participate as patients and in the debriefing	Other: Clinical Simulation; Carrying out a total of 9 clinical simulation in three days, one day every two weeks, where the student resolves a situation by taking on the role of a physiotherapist with a simulated patient.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Ottawa Scale	Modified Ottawa Scale for the acquisition of non-technical skills, validated in Spanish (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redar.2021.02.009). Each of the items evaluated must is be classified from 'strongly disagree', whose value is one, to 'strongly agree', whose value is 7. The minimum value is six and maximum value is forty-two. Higher scores mean a better outcome. The scale will be passed after each of the 9 simulations.	2 week, 4 week, 6 week.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Valencia
• Investigators: Study Director: Carmen Casal-Angulo, PhD RN, University of Valencia

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): May 30, 2025
• Primary Completion (Estimated): September 15, 2026
• Study Completion (Estimated): June 30, 2027

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 25, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 29, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): April 1, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 29, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 28, 2026
• Last Verified: January 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Students; Learning methodology; Physioterapy; Clinical Simulation
• Other Study ID Numbers: CLS_SIMULATION

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No