Acute Effects of Heat, Cold and Stretching on Knee Proprioception and Vertical Jump

The aim of our study is to investigate the effects of heat, cold and stretching on knee proprioception and vertical jump. 60 healthy individuals were randomized into hot, cold, stretching and control groups of 15 each. Pre-test and post-test measurements were made immediately after the application. Knee proprioception was measured with a digital goniometer using the EPD (joint position sense) test. Vertical jump heights were measured with contact mat by countermovement (CMJ) and squat splash (SQS) tests.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Healthy
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Hot pack application; Other: Cold pack application; Other: Stretching

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 60
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Istanbul, Turkey, 34218
    • İstanbul Medipan Tıp Merkezi

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Being between the ages of 18-30
• Agreeing to participate in the study and being informed Approving the Volunteer Consent Form

Exclusion Criteria:

• Having a history of surgery in the knee area
• Movement in lower extremity joints that may affect measurements have limitations.
• Having vision, hearing and balance impairment.
• May cause peripheral neuropathy and deep sensory loss, or loss of proprioception may be caused by other mechanisms having diseases.
• Have a neurological or systemic disease that affects balance and coordination have.
• Describing very severe pain in any part of the lower extremity.
• Being pregnant.
• Having cognitive dysfunction, lack of cooperation
• Having any disease that may cause inability to dry

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

4

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
No Intervention: Control Group; No intervention was applied to the control group.
Experimental: Hot Pack Group; Hot pack application was applied to the participants in the hot group to warm the extremities locally after the pre-tests were completed. For the application of hotpack, which is a superficial and moist temperature agent, a Chattanooga ® brand hotpack pad (DJO Global, Chattanooga; CA, USA) with 10 slices and a size of 28 cm x 39 cm was used. The hotpack pad was taken with the help of tongs from the Chattanooga ® brand hot pack boiler (DJO Global, Chattanooga; CA, USA) at 80° temperature and wrapped in a total of 5 layers with the help of 2 towels. A hotpackpad was placed on each knee of the participant. Hotpack pads were applied for 15 minutes in total.	Other: Hot pack application; Hot pack application was applied to the participants in the hot group to warm the extremities locally after the pre-tests were completed. For the application of hotpack, which is a superficial and moist temperature agent, a Chattanooga ® brand hotpack pad (DJO Global, Chattanooga; CA, USA) with 10 slices and a size of 28 cm x 39 cm was used. The hotpack pad was taken with the help of tongs from the Chattanooga ® brand hot pack boiler (DJO Global, Chattanooga; CA, USA) at 80° temperature and wrapped in a total of 5 layers with the help of 2 towels. A hotpackpad was placed on each knee of the participant. Hotpack pads were applied for 15 minutes in total.
Experimental: Cold Pack Group; For participants in the cold group, MSD ® brand cold pack gel (MVS Inmotion, MSD cold pack; Weftdijk 1502830, Belgium), 15 cm x 25 cm in size, was used to cool the extremities locally. The cold pack gel, kept in the freezer, was wrapped in a paper towel and placed on the knee area. Cold pack was applied to both knees for a total of 15 minutes.	Other: Cold pack application; For participants in the cold group, MSD ® brand cold pack gel (MVS Inmotion, MSD cold pack; Weftdijk 1502830, Belgium), 15 cm x 25 cm in size, was used to cool the extremities locally. The cold pack gel, kept in the freezer, was wrapped in a paper towel and placed on the knee area. Cold pack was applied to both knees for a total of 15 minutes.
Experimental: Stretching Group; Static stretching technique was applied to the quadriceps and hamstring muscle groups in both the dominant and non-dominant extremities of the participants in the stretching group. All stretches were performed twice for 20 seconds with a 3-second rest.	Other: Stretching; Static stretching technique was applied to the quadriceps and hamstring muscle groups in both the dominant and non-dominant extremities of the participants in the stretching group. All stretches were performed twice for 20 seconds with a 3-second rest.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Vertical Jump Distance Measurement	Two types of vertical jump distances, squat jump and countermovement jump, were evaluated using a Fusion Sport ® brand jump meter (Fusion Sport, SmartJump; Colorado, USA) with a sensitivity of 1 nanometer, which is one thousandth of an antimeter. Both tests were repeated a total of 3 times and the best results were recorded.	Before and immediately after application
Joint Position Sense Measurement	For the active joint position sense test, which measures the individual's ability to find the taught target angle, a BASELINE ® brand digital goniometer (BASELINE ® Evaluation Instruments, Digital Absolute + Axis goniometer; NY, USA) with a sensitivity of 0.1° was used.	Before and immediately after application

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Istanbul Bilgi University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): November 2, 2020
• Primary Completion (Actual): February 20, 2021
• Study Completion (Actual): February 20, 2021

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 2, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 2, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): April 8, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 25, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 5, 2025
• Last Verified: February 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: heat; proprioception; vertical jump; cold pack; streching
• Other Study ID Numbers: A47

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No