The Effect of Mindfulness Meditation and Loving-kindness and Compassion Meditation on Psychological Distress

The Effect of Mindfulness Meditation and Loving-kindness and Compassion Meditation on Psychological Distress: The Perspective of Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory

The purpose of the study is to explore the effect of of mindfulness meditation and loving-kindness and compassion meditation on psychological distress (i.e., anxiety, depression, stress), and explore the mechanism from the perspective of reinforcement sensitivity theory.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: MM Group; LKCM Group; Waitlist Group
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: mindfulness meditation intervention and loving-kindness and compassion meditation intervention

Detailed Description

Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: mindfulness meditation group (MM, n = 51), loving-kindness and compassion meditation group (LKCM, n = 51), and waitlist group (n = 50). Participants in MM group and LKCM group received four weeks intervention, and data was collected before the intervention and after the intervention.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 152
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• China
  • Beijing
    • Beijing, Beijing, China, 100875
      • Xianglong Zeng

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

(1) have not attended structured meditation intervention; (2) have not diagnosed psychiatric diseases; (3) not currently receiving or has never received psychological counseling; (4) not currently taking or has never taken psychotropic medication; (5) age is less than 18.

Exclusion Criteria:

(1) have attended structured meditation intervention; (2) have diagnosed psychiatric diseases; (3) receiving or have received psychological counseling; (4) taking or have taken psychotropic drugs; (5) age is more than 18.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Other
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: mindfulness meditation group; participants in mindfulness meditation group would receive four weeks mindfulness meditation intervention.	Other: mindfulness meditation intervention and loving-kindness and compassion meditation intervention; Interventions were conducted by two teachers separately. Mindfulness meditation group provided the knowledge and practice related with mindfulness, and loving-kindness and compassion meditation group provided knowledge and practice related with loving-kindness and compassion meditation.; Other Names: waitlist
Experimental: loving-kindness and compassion meditation group; participants in loving-kindness and compassion meditation group would receive four weeks loving-kindness and compassion meditation meditation.	Other: mindfulness meditation intervention and loving-kindness and compassion meditation intervention; Interventions were conducted by two teachers separately. Mindfulness meditation group provided the knowledge and practice related with mindfulness, and loving-kindness and compassion meditation group provided knowledge and practice related with loving-kindness and compassion meditation.; Other Names: waitlist
No Intervention: waitlist; participants in waitlist receive no intervention

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale	The scalewas used to measure depression, anxiety, and stress with 21 items. Participants are required to report the degree of conformity scoring from 1 (did not apply to me at all) to 4 (applied to me very much).	2 months
The Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale	The scale was used to measure the degree of mindfulness, with 10 items and two dimensions, scoring from 1 (never) to 5 (always).	2 months
The Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire	The scale included 34 items to test the sensitivity to punishment and sensitivity to reward. and participants were asked to respond yes (scoring 1) or no (scoring 0). Summing the scores of the questions was the total score for that dimension.	2 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
The Emotional Word Lists	The scale was used to measure emotions, to test the basic effect of interventions. There were 24 emotional words, which constructed two dimensions: positive emotion and negative emotion, scoring from 1 (never) to 5 (always).	2 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Beijing Normal University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): June 3, 2022
• Primary Completion (Actual): October 9, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): October 9, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 8, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 8, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): April 11, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 11, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 8, 2024
• Last Verified: April 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: mindfulness, loving-kindness and compassion
• Other Study ID Numbers: 202206090070

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No