Areal and Linear Comparison of Gingival Recession (agr)

Areal and Linear Comparison of the Effect of Gingival Phenotype on Gingival Recession

Recent advances in digital technology have led to the emergence of precise methods for measuring gingival recession and tissue thickness. This study aimed to compare digital measurement methods and conventional periodontal probe measurements for the assessment of gingival recession influenced by the gingival phenotype.

This study involved 128 gingival recession sites from 28 systemically healthy patients aged 18-45 years. The participants were categorized into two groups on the basis of gingival thickness. The plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, clinical attachment level, gingival recession depth, and gingival recession width, and keratinized gingival thickness and width were measured using a manual periodontal probe and an intraoral optical surface scanner. Statistical analysis was performed with nonparametric tests because the data were not normally distributed. P<0.05 indicated statistical significanct.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Gingival Recession
• Intervention / Treatment: Diagnostic test: digital assesment

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 128

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Bolu, Turkey, 14030
    • Bolu abant Izzet Baysal University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

The study included 128 gingival recessions at 128 sites in 28 systemically healthy patients aged 18-45 years old. The patients were divided into two groups according to the thickness of the gingiva in the teeth with gingival recession.

Description

Inclusion Criteria: The study included systemically healthy subjects aged 18-45 years with systemic disease or systemic disease under control.

Exclusion Criteria: The exclusion criteria were as follows:

• Patients with a history of radiotherapy,
• Patients with chemotherapy,
• Immunosuppressive use,
• Tobacco use,
• Smoking,
• Patients with labially exposed teeth and teeth with prominent root protrusions,
• Pregnancy and lactation,
• Patients with uncontrolled diabetes,
• Patients with postorthodontic extractions,
• Patients with gingival recession, .Patients with gingival enlargement caused by piercing and nail-biting habits.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

2

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
Thin phenotype; A thickness of 1 mm or less is classified as thin gingival tissue.	Diagnostic test: digital assesment; Gingival recession sites were scanned with an intraoral optical surface scanner, and STL images were recorded. The images were imported into image analysis software. The depth, width and area of gingival recession were calculated using Autocat program.
Thick phenotype; A thickness of more than 1 mm is classified as thick gingival tissue.	Diagnostic test: digital assesment; Gingival recession sites were scanned with an intraoral optical surface scanner, and STL images were recorded. The images were imported into image analysis software. The depth, width and area of gingival recession were calculated using Autocat program.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
keratinized gingival thickness	Keratinized gingival thickness refers to the vertical measurement of the gingival tissue that extends from the free gingival margin to the mucogingival junction, characterized by a keratinized epithelial layer which provides enhanced protection and stability to the underlying periodontal structures.	Baseline
keratinized gingival width	Keratinized gingival width refers to the horizontal dimension of the gingival tissue that is keratinized, measured from the free gingival margin to the mucogingival junction.	Baseline
Gingival recession depth	Gingival recession is the apical migration of the gingival margin away from the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ), resulting in the exposure of the root surface of a tooth.	Baseline
Gingival recession width	Gingival recession width refers to the horizontal measurement from the exposed cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to the apical point of the gingival margin, indicating the extent of root surface exposure.	Baseline

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Bleeding on probing	Bleeding, leading sign of inflammation inside the connective tissue, is a critical factor for pocket depth measurements, and with other variable factors prevents making reproducible measurements.	Baseline
Plaque index	The plaque index assesses the amount of dental plaque visible on the vestibular and lingual surfaces of all teeth	Baseline
Clinical attachment level	CAL is calculated by subtracting the gingival margin level from the probing depth.	Baseline
Gingival index	This measurement is based on the presence or absence of bleeding on gentle probing	Baseline
Periodontal pocket depth	A pathologically deepened gingival sulcus around a tooth at the gingival margin.	Baseline

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Abant Izzet Baysal University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): November 12, 2022
• Primary Completion (Actual): November 12, 2023
• Study Completion (Actual): April 12, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 9, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 9, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): July 16, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 25, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 2, 2025
• Last Verified: February 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Gingival recession; Screening; Gingiva
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Periodontal Atrophy; Periodontal Diseases; Mouth Diseases; Stomatognathic Diseases; Gingival Diseases; Gingival Recession
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2022/288

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No