Implementation of the Care Bag Theory for Healthy Internet Use in Adolescents (CHIA)

January 21, 2026 updated by: Arif Özparlak, PhD, Akdeniz University

Effectiveness of a Nursing Care Program Based on the Care Bag Theory for Healthy Internet Use in Adolescents: An Action Research Study

The study aimed to investigate the effect of a nursing care program based on the Care Bag Theory for Healthy Internet Use in Adolescents (CHIA) on adolescents' problematic internet use, self-regulation, family relationships, and coping skills.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

This study constitutes a part of the doctoral thesis titled "Development of a Nursing Intervention Model Specific to Problematic Internet Use in Adolescents"

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

10

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Kepez
      • Antalya, Kepez, Turkey (Türkiye), 07058
        • Akdeniz University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Voluntarily agreeing to participate in the study,
  • Being between the ages of 12-18,
  • Receiving outpatient follow-up at the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Clinic,
  • Having a Problematic Internet Use (PIU) issue (PIU is assessed according to the criteria by the doctors at the clinic. The doctors refer adolescents who meet the criteria. These criteria are as follows: a) using the internet for longer than planned, b) experiencing withdrawal symptoms when unable to access the internet, c) failing to control internet usage, d) being excessively preoccupied with the internet, e) losing interest in offline hobbies, f) a desire to use the internet more, g) continuing excessive internet use despite knowing it negatively affects their life, h) using the internet to escape problems, i) lying about internet use).

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Having a speech, hearing, or self-expression impairment,
  • Having received or currently receiving professional support related to PIU.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: N/A
  • Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Action group
Behavioral: A nursing care program based on the Care Bag Theory for Healthy Internet Use in Adolescents (CHIA)

A nursing care program based on the Care Bag Theory for Healthy Internet Use in Adolescents (CHIA)

The nursing care program based on the CHIA model is designed for adolescents with problematic internet use. The program is grounded in the concepts of the draft model. It consists of eight sessions, each expected to last 40-50 minutes. One session will be held per week. The first session includes introductions and an overview of the program, the second session aims to strengthen the adolescent's motivation for change, the third session focuses on improving the adolescent's self-control skills, the fourth session aims to enhance family functionality, the fifth session helps develop offline activities to replace internet use, the sixth and seventh sessions work on developing coping skills, and the eighth session includes the evaluation and termination of the program.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Problematic Internet Use Scale-Adolescent (PIUS-A)
Time Frame: Data will be collected two times: pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention.
The scale consists of 27 items and is of a five-point Likert type. The lowest possible score on the scale is 27, and the highest score is 135. Higher scores on the scale indicate that adolescents' problematic internet use has increased and become unhealthy. The PIUS-A scale has three subscales: negative consequences of internet use, excessive use, and social benefit/social comfort.
Data will be collected two times: pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
The Adolescent Self Regulatory Inventory (ASRI)
Time Frame: Data will be collected two times: pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention.
The scale consists of 32 items and has two subscales: 'self-control success' and 'self-control failure.' The self-control success subscale contains 18 items, while the self-control failure subscale contains 14 items. The scale uses a four-point Likert-type rating. The scale is used to calculate the total score. The lowest possible score on the ASRI is 32, and the highest score is 128. A higher score on the scale indicates that the adolescent's self-control skills are good.
Data will be collected two times: pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention.
Kidcope
Time Frame: Data will be collected two times: pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention.
The scale consists of 11 items. The Kidcope has three subscales: Active Coping (Items 3, 6, 8, 10), Negative Coping (Items 4, 5, 7), and Avoidant Coping (Items 1, 2, 9, 11). Each subscale score is obtained by summing the relevant items in order. The possible scores range from 0 to 12 for both the Active Coping and Avoidant Coping subscales, and from 0 to 9 for the Negative Coping subscale. As the score increases, it indicates a higher use of the corresponding coping strategy.
Data will be collected two times: pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention.
The Family Relationship Scale for Children
Time Frame: Data will be collected two times: pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention.
The scale consists of 20 items and was developed to measure how children perceive their relationships with their families. Participants respond to each item with "never" (1), "sometimes" (2), or "always" (3). The scale has two subscales: Restrictive Family Relationships and Supportive Family Relationships. Items 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 14, 16, 18, and 19 form the Restrictive Family Relationships subscale. A higher score in this subscale indicates that the child perceives the relationships within the family as restrictive. Items 1, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 17, and 20 form the Supportive Family Relationships subscale. A higher score in this subscale indicates that the child perceives the relationships within the family as supportive.
Data will be collected two times: pre-intervention and immediately post-intervention.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Akdeniz University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

July 1, 2024

Primary Completion (Actual)

August 1, 2024

Study Completion (Actual)

January 1, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

November 7, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

November 7, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

November 8, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

January 23, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 21, 2026

Last Verified

January 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • KAEK-152

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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