Thorax vs. Trauma Injury Severity Scores as Outcome Predictors in Chest Trauma (TTSS/TRISS/ER)

March 3, 2026 updated by: Abdulillah R. Khamees, Al-Nahrain University

Which Score Best Predicts Outcomes in Chest Trauma? A Prospective Comparison of Thorax and Trauma Injury Severity Scores

The goal of this observational study is to compare the predictive utility of the Thorax Trauma Severity Score (TTSS) and the Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) in determining outcomes among patients presenting with chest trauma to the emergency room. The main questions it aims to answer are:

Does the TTSS provide a more accurate prediction of patient outcomes (e.g., mortality, ICU admission) than the TRISS? Are there specific patient subgroups where one score is more effective than the other?

Participants will:

Have their chest trauma severity assessed using both TTSS and TRISS during their emergency room admission.

Have their clinical outcomes (e.g., mortality, ICU admission, length of hospital stay) monitored throughout their hospital stay.

Study Overview

Status

Recruiting

Conditions

Detailed Description

Trauma is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity around the world. Approximately 10% of the burden of disease in adults is due to traumatic injuries. Trauma can lead to serious consequences, including disabilities, psychosocial burdens, and increased mortality among the actively working population. Cardiopulmonary arrest, unplanned admissions to intensive care units, and nosocomial infections are some complications faced by trauma patients admitted to trauma centers. The estimated mortality rate for hospitalized trauma patients is 11%. The in-hospital mortality rate for trauma patients who undergo cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is 92.7%. Trauma-related mortality and morbidity depend on injury severity, diagnostic delays, and the time taken to reach a medical facility. Timely evaluation, effective post-trauma care, and appropriate triage can significantly reduce long-term mortality and morbidity among trauma patients, with rapid assessment of trauma severity being crucial for the primary triage of multiple trauma patients.

Trauma scoring systems are essential tools in the medical field for evaluating the severity of injuries and predicting patient outcomes. Two notable scoring systems are the Thorax Trauma Severity Score (TTSS) and the Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS), each serving unique purposes in assessing thoracic injuries and overall trauma severity. The TTSS was developed to provide a comprehensive assessment of thoracic injuries by incorporating both anatomical and physiological parameters. It specifically focuses on various aspects of chest trauma, including:

Age of the patient Ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) Presence of pleural injuries Lung contusions Rib fractures The scoring system ranges from 0 to 25 points, where higher scores indicate more severe injuries and worse prognoses. Research has shown that a TTSS score of 7 or above is highly predictive of morbidity and mortality, achieving 100% sensitivity and 97.73% specificity for poor outcomes in isolated thoracic trauma cases. The TRISS is another critical scoring system used to evaluate overall injury severity across multiple body regions. It is based on the Injury Severity Score (ISS), which categorizes injuries according to their anatomical location using the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS). The ISS is calculated by taking the highest AIS scores from the three most severely injured body regions, squaring them, and summing these values.

Despite their utility, both TTSS and TRISS have limitations, especially when applied to diverse patient populations. The TTSS may not adequately account for the severity of injuries outside the thoracic region, which can significantly impact patient outcomes. For instance, a study highlighted that in patients with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) greater than 15, only 44% had a TTSS above 8, indicating that critical extra-thoracic injuries were not reflected in the TTSS scoring. Older patients or those with comorbidities may present with less obvious thoracic injuries that the TTSS fails to identify. This oversight can lead to underestimating the risk of complications or mortality, as older individuals often have a higher propensity for severe outcomes despite seemingly minor trauma. The TISS may not capture specific details related to chest trauma effectively. This limitation is crucial in regions with variable healthcare infrastructure, like Iraq, where injury mechanisms and patient demographics can differ widely. The TRISS's general approach may overlook critical factors that influence trauma severity in these populations.

This study seeks to address the specific needs of the Iraqi healthcare system by comparing the TTSS and TRISS as predictive tools for chest trauma outcomes in emergency settings. The aim is to identify which scoring system is more reliable and practical for use in Iraq, considering the unique challenges faced by emergency departments, such as high patient volumes and resource constraints. The research fills a critical gap in the literature by providing data specific to Iraq, where comparative analyses of these scoring systems are lacking. Insights gained from this study could inform local protocols, enhance triage efficiency, and improve patient outcomes in Iraqi emergency departments .

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Estimated)

150

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Locations

  • Iraq
      • Baghdad, Iraq
        • Recruiting
        • College of Medicine - Al-Nahrain University
        • Sub-Investigator:
          • Ali R. Turki, Student
        • Contact:
        • Sub-Investigator:
          • Ibrahim Moqbel, Student
        • Sub-Investigator:
          • Abdullah ali ghareeb, MBBCH
        • Sub-Investigator:
          • Salim K. Hajwal, Lecturer
        • Sub-Investigator:
          • Sajjad sadiq salman, Lecturer
        • Principal Investigator:
          • Abdulillah R. Khamees
        • Sub-Investigator:
          • Ghefar Hmaydoosh, MD
        • Sub-Investigator:
          • Ghadeer mohammed, MD

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The study population will consist of adult patients (18 years and older) who present to the Emergency Department (ER) of Al-Kadhimiya Teaching Hospital with chest trauma. This population will be classified based on the severity of their injuries, ranging from minor to critical, and include both blunt and penetrating trauma cases.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Patients with chest injuries that require clinical assessment using the Thorax Trauma Severity Score (TTSS) and the Trauma Injury Severity Score (TISS) within 6 hours of admission.
  • Patients (or their legal guardians) must provide informed consent for participation in the study. This ensures ethical standards are maintained.
  • Patients presenting with thoracic injuries, including rib fractures, pulmonary contusions, pneumothorax, hemothorax, and other chest-related injuries. This will include both isolated chest trauma and trauma with multiple injuries

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients younger than 16 years.
  • Patients with chest injuries caused by conditions unrelated to trauma, such as spontaneous pneumothorax, infections, or other medical conditions (e.g., non-traumatic rib fractures or cancer).
  • Patients with severe co-morbidities (e.g., terminal illnesses, advanced stages of cancer, or end-stage organ failure) that would significantly affect outcomes unrelated to the chest trauma.
  • Patients with pre-existing severe neurological conditions or other comorbidities that would interfere with trauma assessment and clinical management (e.g., severe brain injury, vegetative state).
  • Patients or their legal representatives who refuse consent for participation in the study.
  • Pregnant women due to potential risks associated with trauma and interventions during pregnancy.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Accuracy Assessment of Thorax Trauma Severity Score (TTSS)
Time Frame: the first 6 hours after ER admission
Range: from 0 to 25, with higher scores indicating more severe thoracic trauma.
the first 6 hours after ER admission
Accuracy Assessment of Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS)
Time Frame: the first 6 hours after ER admission
Range: 0 (represents a 0% probability of survival) to 1 (represents a 100% probability of survival), with higher scores indicating greater trauma severity.
the first 6 hours after ER admission
In hospital mortality
Time Frame: In-Hospital Phase (average of 7-10 days through discharge)
Mortality (death) during hospitalization.
In-Hospital Phase (average of 7-10 days through discharge)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Length of Hospitalization
Time Frame: Up to discharge, an average of 7-10 days
Description: The total duration of a patient's stay in the hospital, measured from the date of admission to the date of discharge. This includes all days spent in general wards, intensive care units (ICU), and other hospital departments as part of their treatment course.
Up to discharge, an average of 7-10 days
Rate of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU)
Time Frame: Up to discharge, an average of 7-10 days
The requirement for admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) is determined by the presence of severe clinical deterioration, significant complications, or the need for advanced monitoring and life-support measures.
Up to discharge, an average of 7-10 days

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Al-Nahrain University

Investigators

  • Study Director: Yaser aamer Eisa Alhaibi, Assistant professor, College Of Medicine - Nahrain University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

January 20, 2025

Primary Completion (Estimated)

December 10, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

December 20, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

November 24, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

November 24, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

November 27, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

March 4, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 3, 2026

Last Verified

March 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • UNCOMIRB20241125

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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