Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Adolfsson-Björnsson Upper Extremity Activity Scale (ABAS)

Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Adolfsson-Björnsson Upper Extremity Activity Scale (ABAS) in Individuals With Upper Extremity Injuries

Activity limitation is a common problem in individuals with upper extremity disorders. Many conditions involving the shoulder complex such as traumatic and non-traumatic upper extremity pain, subacromial impingement, postoperative pain, rotator sheath tears, rotator sheath tendinopathy, shoulder arthritis, adhesive capsulitis, shoulder instabilities may lead to limitations in activities of daily living due to pain and/or symptoms. Therefore, evaluation of upper extremity activities and determination of possible limitations have an important place in the management of the disease process.

Until now, symptom-related activities of daily living in patients with upper limb disorders have often been assessed with the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (DASH) and the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). However, in the development of these scales, only statements describing specific activities were used and items were not scored from easy to difficult according to activity level. There is no scale specifically developed for upper extremity pathologies that grades upper extremity activity level according to a certain level of difficulty. In order to fill this gap in the literature, Adolfsson et al. developed 'The Adolfsson-Björnsson Upper Extremity Activity Scale (ABAS)' to evaluate activities of daily living according to the perceived difficulty level in individuals with upper extremity injuries. Cross-cultural adaptation, validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the ABAS have not been studied.

The aim of this study was to make a cross-cultural Turkish adaptation of the 'The Adolfsson-Björnsson Upper Extremity Activity Scale (ABAS)' and to investigate the validity, reliability and psychometric properties of the Turkish version on individuals with upper extremity disorders.

Study Overview

• Status: Enrolling by invitation
• Conditions: Reliability and Validity; Questionnaire and Survey; Upper Extremity Injuries
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: No intervention

Detailed Description

The research will be conducted at Gazi University Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Athlete Health Unit. The research will be conducted according to the Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) guidelines.

Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the ABAS will be carried out in five stages according to standard guidelines for scale translation and cross-cultural adaptation. It was planned to include 150 individuals with upper extremity disorders between the ages of 18 to 64 in the study.

The data collection for this planned study will be solely through surveys. The design of the study is a cross-sectional study aimed at developing and assessing the validity and reliability." Surveys specific to the research will be implemented in the study.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Estimated): 150

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey (Türkiye)
  • Mersi̇n
    • Yenişehir, Mersi̇n, Turkey (Türkiye), 33140
      • Toros Üniversitesi

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: N/A

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

Patients with upper extremity injury, who can read and write Turkish and are between the ages of 18-64, and only participants with unchanged health status for retesting will be included in the study. Patients with mental and neurological disorders (major depression, schizophrenia, psychosis, stroke, cerebral palsy, etc.) and/or rheumatological disease, active local or systemic infection, cancer history, severe visual impairment, need for emergency surgery, injection in the last 3 years, sensory problems that may affect the application of scales and cognitive impairment will be excluded from the study.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with upper extremity injury, who can read and write Turkish and are between the ages of 18-64

Exclusion Criteria:

• Mental and neurological disorders (major depression, schizophrenia, psychosis, stroke, cerebral palsy, etc.) and/or rheumatological disease, active local or systemic infection, cancer history, severe visual impairment, need for emergency surgery, injection in the last 3 years, sensory problems that may affect the application of scales and cognitive impairment

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

1

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Intervention / Treatment

Patients with upper limb injuries; Patients with upper extremity injury, who can read and write Turkish and are between the ages of 18-64, and only participants with unchanged health status for retesting will be included in the study. Patients with mental and neurological disorders (major depression, schizophrenia, psychosis, stroke, cerebral palsy, etc.) and/or rheumatological disease, active local or systemic infection, cancer history, severe visual impairment, need for emergency surgery, injection in the last 3 years, sensory problems that may affect the application of scales and cognitive impairment will be excluded from the study.

Other: No intervention; No intervention

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Investigating Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of The Adolfsson-Björnsson Activity Scale (ABAS) with upper ekstremity injuries	The scale items consist of 8 different categories. The increase in the mean of the questionnaire from category 1 to 8 indicates that the upper extremity is used in higher level activities.	1 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Mustafa Kemal University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Dilek Hande Esen, PhD, Toros University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Langley GB, Sheppeard H. The visual analogue scale: its use in pain measurement. Rheumatol Int. 1985;5(4):145-8. doi: 10.1007/BF00541514.
• Beaton DE, Bombardier C, Guillemin F, Ferraz MB. Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000 Dec 15;25(24):3186-91. doi: 10.1097/00007632-200012150-00014. No abstract available.
• Hazar Kanik Z, Pala OO, Karabicak GO, Citaker S. Cross-cultural adaptation, validity, and reliability of the Turkish version of the Patient-Rated Elbow Evaluation. Clin Rheumatol. 2019 Nov;38(11):3289-3295. doi: 10.1007/s10067-019-04665-4. Epub 2019 Jul 6.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): December 29, 2025
• Primary Completion (Estimated): October 30, 2026
• Study Completion (Estimated): December 30, 2026

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 28, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 28, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): December 4, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): December 31, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 29, 2025
• Last Verified: December 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Wounds and Injuries; Arm Injuries
• Other Study ID Numbers: E-77082166-604.01.02-809466

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No