The Effects of 8-week Resistance and Aerobic Exercise on Anxiety, Depression, Sleep, Inhibitory Control in Young Adults With Smartphone Overdependence

The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of the resistance exercise and aerobic exercise on depression, anxiety, sleep, inhibitory control in young adult with smartphone overdependence

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Sleep; Exercise; Inhibition; Mood; Smartphone Addiction
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: resistance exercise; Behavioral: aerobic exercise; Other: Control (placebo)

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 36
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Korea, Republic of
  • Seoul
    • Dongdaemun, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
      • University of Seoul, Centennial Memorial Hall.

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Smartphone overdependent scale score of 24 ≥
• No regular exercise in the past 3 months

Exclusion Criteria:

• Unable to perform exercise
• Patients with musculoskeletal disorders
• Patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: resistance exercise group; They will perform resistance exercise for 8 weeks.	Behavioral: resistance exercise; Participants will perform resistance exercise for 8 weeks; Other Names: control; aerobic exercise
Experimental: aerobic exercise group; They will perform aerobic exercise for 8 weeks.	Behavioral: aerobic exercise; Participants will perform aerobic exercise for 8 weeks
Sham Comparator: control group; They will maintain their usual lifestyle for 8 weeks.	Other: Control (placebo); Participants will maintain their usual lifestyle for 8 weeks.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
sleep duration	In this study, we will assess participants' sleep duration using a wrist-worn GENEActiv triaxial accelerometer (Activinsights, Cambridge, UK). Participants will be instructed to wear the device on their non-dominant wrist 24 hours a day for 8 days, except during contact sports that may pose a risk of injury. Sleep duration (minutes) is defined as the total time spent sleeping.	pre intervention: for 8days(before the intervention) / post intervention: for 8days(after the intervention)
Sleep efficiency	In this study, we will assess participants' sleep efficiency using a wrist-worn GENEActiv triaxial accelerometer (Activinsights, Cambridge, UK). Participants will be instructed to wear the device on their non-dominant wrist 24 hours a day for 8 days, except during contact sports that may pose a risk of injury. Sleep efficiency(%) is defined as the proportion of time spent asleep relative to time in bed	pre intervention: for 8days(before the intervention) / post intervention: for 8days(after the intervention)
Time in bed	In this study, we will assess participants' time in bed using a wrist-worn GENEActiv triaxial accelerometer (Activinsights, Cambridge, UK). Participants will be instructed to wear the device on their non-dominant wrist 24 hours a day for 8 days, except during contact sports that may pose a risk of injury. Time in bed (minutes) is defined as the total time spent in bed, including both sleep and wakefulness	pre intervention: for 8days(before the intervention) / post intervention: for 8days(after the intervention)
Sleep onset time	In this study, we will assess participants' sleep onset time using a wrist-worn GENEActiv triaxial accelerometer (Activinsights, Cambridge, UK). Participants will be instructed to wear the device on their non-dominant wrist 24 hours a day for 8 days, except during contact sports that may pose a risk of injury. Sleep onset time (hours and minutes) is defined as the time at which sleep begins.	pre intervention: for 8days(before the intervention) / post intervention: for 8days(after the intervention)
wake time	In this study, we will assess participants' sleep onset time using a wrist-worn GENEActiv triaxial accelerometer (Activinsights, Cambridge, UK). Participants will be instructed to wear the device on their non-dominant wrist 24 hours a day for 8 days, except during contact sports that may pose a risk of injury. Wake time (hours and minutes) is defined as the final wake-up time.	pre intervention: for 8days(before the intervention) / post intervention: for 8days(after the intervention)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Depression	Participants will visit the laboratory to complete the Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), a self-reported questionnaire assessing depressive symptoms. The BDI consists of 21 items, each scored on a scale from 0 to 3, with total scores ranging from 0 to 63. Higher scores indicate more severe depressive symptoms	pre intervention(day 1), post intervention(day 57)
Anxiety	Participants will visit the laboratory to complete the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), a self-reported questionnaire assessing anxiety symptoms. The BAI consists of 21 items, each scored on a scale from 0 to 3, with total scores ranging from 0 to 63. Higher scores indicate more severe anxiety symptoms.	pre intervention(day 1), post intervention(day 57)
Inhibition	The Go/NoGo task will be used to measure the inhibition The measured variables will include reaction time (RT) and accuracy. At the beginning of the test, a series of stimulus characters will be presented in the center of the screen one by one. Each stimulus character will be displayed for 400 ms, with a random interval of 400-700 ms between stimuli. Before the test, participants will be informed that "L" is a Go stimulus and "C" is a NoGo stimulus. When "L" appears in the center of the screen, participants will be required to press the space bar key with their index finger as quickly and accurately as possible. When "C" appears, participants must not respond. The system will record the reaction time and accuracy for Go stimuli and the accuracy for NoGo stimuli. The total number of stimulus characters will be 240, consisting of 180 Go stimuli (75%) and 60 NoGo stimuli (25%).	pre intervention(day 1), post intervention(day 57)

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Seoul

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 6, 2025
• Primary Completion (Actual): February 4, 2025
• Study Completion (Actual): February 5, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: February 9, 2025
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 21, 2025
• First Posted (Actual): March 25, 2025

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 25, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 21, 2025
• Last Verified: February 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Technology Addiction; Behavior, Addictive; Compulsive Behavior; Impulsive Behavior; Internet Addiction Disorder
• Other Study ID Numbers: UOS 2024-08-007-004

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: YES
• IPD Plan Description: Study Protocol, Informed Consent Form (ICF)
• IPD Sharing Time Frame: 2025.03.01~2026.03.01
• IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type: STUDY_PROTOCOL; ICF

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No