BEhavioral and Adherence Model for Improving Quality, Health Outcomes and Cost-Effectiveness of healthcaRe (BEAMER)

March 26, 2026 updated by: Beatriz Merino, Technical University of Madrid

Lack of adherence to treatment is a widespread issue worldwide, which leads to higher healthcare utilisation rates and even premature death. While the level of adherence may differ based on the specific condition and treatment, studies estimate that approximately 50% of medications are not taken according to the prescribed instructions. In addition, adherence rates tend to decrease even further when the treatment requires a behavioural change. Literature reviews about factors that affect people's adherence show that it is challenging to predict whom can be considered to have adherent and non-adherent behaviours. In addition, the studies highlight that it is challenging to support a person to be adherent. Based on this knowledge the BEAMER project was established (Behavioural and Adherence Model for improving quality, health outcomes and cost-Effectiveness of healthcaRe). The overall goal of the project is to improve the quality of life of individuals, enhance healthcare accessibility and sustainability, thereby transforming the way healthcare stakeholders engage with patients to understand their condition and adherence levels throughout their healthcare journey. To address the overall goal, the BEAMER project has developed a disease agnostic model named "B-COMPASS: BEAMER-COmputational Model for Patient Adherence and Support Solutions". The aim of the B-COMPASS is to identify patients' needs and preferences which enables the creation of patient-specific supports, with the intention of improving their adherence to treatment within the heterogeneity of the different disease-areas and healthcare contexts. Based on the validated BEAMER questionnaire, the B-COMPASS predicts relative adherence and offers an elicitation process of patient needs and preferences to enable targeted supports to improve patient adherence. This results in an allocation of patients to different groups based on their needs and preferences. Overall, the B-COMPASS provides patient insights that will enable more effective design of patient support, most likely resulting in better patient experience, improved adherence and lower healthcare and societal costs.

So far, several activities from a technical and user perspective have already been conducted in the project to refine the B-COMPASS. This has been done by applying an iterative mixed method approach were both stakeholders (regulator, pharma, academic/research and small and medium-sized enterprises) and end users (patients, health providers and health systems) have been involved. Despite the finetuning of the B-COMPASS, the effectiveness of the B-COMPASS hinges on empirical investigations into the structural elements that impact patient behaviour and the identification of predictive factors that can assist healthcare providers' (HCP) and Research Leads in designing more effective treatment plans (the term HCPs/Research Lead include both the individuals and the institutions where care is delivered). Therefore, validation studies will be conducted to assess the B-COMPASS's performance in six therapeutic areas (cardiovascular, endocrinology, immunology, neurology, oncology and rare diseases) with patients recruited in at least Italy (FISM), Portugal (APDP and MEDIDA) Norway (AHUS), Spain (FHUNJ and FIIBAP), The Netherlands (WDO), and Germany (UDUS). The collected data will be used to evaluate the B-COMPASS's capacity to attend to a variety of needs and challenges for adherence.

Study Overview

Status

Recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

The aim of the study is to validate the B-COMPASS in real-life settings. Overall, the purpose is to provide evidence 1) to validate the B-COMPASS (primary purpose), and 2) to demonstrate the effectiveness and implementability of the B-COMPASS (secondary purpose). The project will carry out the final iterative steps of refining the model, guided by the validation studies that have been conducted. This process will be based on evaluating the performance of the generic model across six selected therapeutic areas (cardiovascular, endocrinology, immunology, neurology, oncology and rare diseases). Study participants (patients and HCPs) will be recruited (at least) from Italy, Portugal, Norway, Spain, The Netherlands, and Germany, and the validation will evaluate the capacity to attend to a variety of needs and challenges for adherence to treatment.

Overall, the study has 8 Scientific Questions (SQs), where SQ 1-4 address the validity of the B-COMPASS (primary purpose) and SQ 5-8 address the effectiveness and implementability of the B-COMPASS (secondary purpose). The SQs are:

SQ 1 How accurately does the B-COMPASS predict the relative adherence to treatment for patients? SQ 2 How valid are the B-COMPASS groupings? SQ 3 How accurately are the patient support needs identified by the B-COMPASS? SQ 4 How reliable is the B-COMPASS over time? SQ 5 To what extent does the use of the B-COMPASS affect patient adherence to treatment? SQ 6 How do the patients perceive the received engagement with HCPs/Research Leads based on the B-COMPASS? SQ 7 How do HCPs/Research Leads perceive the B-COMPASS? SQ 8 How does the B-COMPASS impact the cost-effectiveness of healthcare utilisation?

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

3100

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

  • Germany
  • Italy
      • Genova, Italy
        • Recruiting
        • FISM - Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation
        • Contact:
  • Netherlands
  • Norway
    • Akershus
      • Lørenskog, Akershus, Norway, 1478
        • Recruiting
        • AHUS - Akershus University Hospital
        • Contact:
          • Harald Hrubos-Strøm
          • Phone Number: 0000000000
          • Email: janhar@uio.no
  • Portugal
      • Lisbon, Portugal, 1250-203
        • Recruiting
        • APDP Diabetes Portugal
        • Contact:
      • Porto, Portugal
        • Recruiting
        • MEDCIDS - Departamento de Medicina da Comunidade Informação e Decisão em Saúde
        • Contact:
  • Slovenia
      • Maribor, Slovenia
        • Recruiting
        • UMCM - University Medical Center Maribor
        • Contact:
  • Spain
      • Madrid, Spain
        • Recruiting
        • FHUNJ - Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús
        • Contact:
      • Madrid, Spain
        • Recruiting
        • FIIBAP - Fundación para la Investigación e Innovación Biosanitaria de Atención Primaria
        • Contact:
  • Tanzania
      • Moshi, Tanzania
        • Not yet recruiting
        • KCRI - Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute
        • Contact:

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Having the diagnosis of the pilot sites target groups described above as per clinical assessment or validated diagnosis criteria
  • Having the age of the pilot sites target groups described above
  • Having accepted to participate in the study and provided written informed consent
  • Having the availability to participate on all study activities

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Individuals that do not fulfil ALL the inclusion criteria will be excluded to participate.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
No Intervention: Control arm
At the first data collection, patients will complete the BEAMER questionnaire and adherence-related measures will be collected. Based on patients' answers, the B-COMPASS will assign them into groups, list their support needs, and predict their relative adherence, forming their B-COMPASS description. Patients will then be randomised into either 1) an intervention arm, or 2) a control arm using stratified randomisation via the Adherence Intelligence Visualisation Platform (AIVP), ensuring balance in B-COMPASS descriptions, gender, and age. Control patients will receive standard care and HCPs/Research Leads will not be informed of their B-COMPASS description. Where possible, at pilot sites, HCPs/Research Leads will also be randomised to ensure that HCPs/Research Leads in the control groups have as limited knowledge of the B-COMPASS/patient description as possible.
Active Comparator: Intervention arm
At the first data collection, patients will complete the BEAMER questionnaire and adherence-related measures will be collected. Based on patients' answers, the B-COMPASS will assign them into groups, list their support needs, and predict their relative adherence, forming their B-COMPASS description. Patients will then be randomised into either 1) an intervention arm, or 2) a control arm using stratified randomisation via the Adherence Intelligence Visualisation Platform (AIVP), ensuring balance in B-COMPASS descriptions, gender, and age. The patients in the intervention arm will receive B-COMPASS enhanced engagement in addition to standard care. The enhanced engagement is implemented as educational material to the HCP who is engaging with the patient. The content of the educational material will be based on the patient's B-COMPASS patient description. The engagement will either be in person or via phone call depending on the patient visiting schedule of each recruited patient.
Behavioral: B-COMPASS implementation
The patients in the intervention arm will receive B-COMPASS enhanced engagement in addition to standard care. The enhanced engagement is implemented as educational material to the HCP who is engaging with the patient. The content of the educational material will be based on the patient's B-COMPASS patient description. The engagement will either be in person or via phone call depending on the patient visiting schedule of each recruited patient.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Accuracy of the B-COMPASS to predict adherence
Time Frame: At first data collection

Predictive accuracy of B-COMPASS of adherence to treatment will be validated against TAP-Q in Visit 1 and other specific adherence measurements for all participants.

The B-COMPASS is an adherence prediction model based on the BEAMER questionnaire, which is a questionnaire that contains 22 questions about subjective health experience and subjective awareness of health condition. Likert scale with 7 response options, 1 = Fully disagree, 7 = Fully agree (11 questions). Likert scale with 6 response options, 1 = Fully disagree, 6 = Fully agree (4 questions). Likert scale with 5 response options, 1 = Fully disagree, 5 = Fully agree (5 questions). Score on a 10-step ladder where step 1 = The day at the past 4 weeks I felt at my worst, step 10 = The day in the past 4 weeks I felt at my best (2 questions).
At first data collection
Validity of B-COMPASS groupings
Time Frame: At second data collection which is 2 weeks - 6 months after first data collection (first and second data collection). It varies between pilot sites and disease area.
B-COMPASS groupings will be validated through the qualitative thematic analysis of interviews and focus groups with patients and HCPs in the intervention groups.
At second data collection which is 2 weeks - 6 months after first data collection (first and second data collection). It varies between pilot sites and disease area.
Accuracy of identification of patients' support needs
Time Frame: At second data collection which is 2 weeks - 6 months after first data collection (first and second data collection). It varies between pilot sites and disease area.
The accuracy of the support needs identified by the B-COMPASS will also be analysed through qualitative analysis of focus groups and interviews with the intervention groups.
At second data collection which is 2 weeks - 6 months after first data collection (first and second data collection). It varies between pilot sites and disease area.
Reliability of B-COMPASS prediction over time
Time Frame: At first data collection and then aging at second data collection which is 2 weeks - 6 months after first data collection (first and second data collection). It varies between pilot sites and disease area.
The over-time reliability of the B-COMPASS will be measured by comparing its groupings and adherence prediction results at the first and second visits for the control group.
At first data collection and then aging at second data collection which is 2 weeks - 6 months after first data collection (first and second data collection). It varies between pilot sites and disease area.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Extent to which the B-COMPASS affects patient adherence to treatment
Time Frame: At first data collection and then aging at second data collection which is 2 weeks - 6 months after first data collection (first and second data collection). It varies between pilot sites and disease area.

The impact of the engagement prompted by the support needs identified by the B-COMPASS model on the adherence, will be measured through pre-post intervention design using adherence measurements results from the first and second visits (changes from baseline).

Adherence will be measured through TAP-Q, MARS-5, or dispensation and prescription electronic records, as specified above.
At first data collection and then aging at second data collection which is 2 weeks - 6 months after first data collection (first and second data collection). It varies between pilot sites and disease area.
Patients' perceptions of the received engagement with HCPs based on B-COMPASS
Time Frame: At second data collection which is 2 weeks - 6 months after first data collection (first and second data collection). It varies between pilot sites and disease area.

Patients' experience and perceptions will be measured by a perspectives of B-COMPASS Likert-scale questionnaire that have 5 questions, as well as semi-structured interviews in the intervention group.

The study patient perceptions questionnaire contains 5 questions (i) understanding of how to adhere to treatment, (ii) perceptions regarding whether the received support is useful (iii) perceptions regarding whether the tools received is sufficient to adhere to treatment, (iv) perception regarding whether the given support motivates the patient to be adherent, and (v) satisfaction with the support received.

Likert scale with 7 response options, 1 = Fully disagree, 7 = Fully agree.
At second data collection which is 2 weeks - 6 months after first data collection (first and second data collection). It varies between pilot sites and disease area.
Perception of HCPs of the B-COMPASS
Time Frame: At second data collection which is 2 weeks - 6 months after first data collection (first and second data collection). It varies between pilot sites and disease area.

HCPs perceptions will be measured by a perspectives of B-COMPASS questionnaire of 5 questions, as well as focus groups

The study HCP perceptions questionnaire contains 5 questions about (i) ease of use of B-COMPASS, perceived (ii) impact of B-COMPASS cards on interaction with patients, (iii) impact of B-COMPASS patient description in supporting patients, (iv) intention to use B-COMPASS in the future, and (v) perceived benefit of B-COMPASS cards on patient engagement.

Likert scale with 7 response options, 1 = Fully disagree, 7 = Fully agree.
At second data collection which is 2 weeks - 6 months after first data collection (first and second data collection). It varies between pilot sites and disease area.
Cost-effectiveness impact of B-COMPASS on healthcare utilisation
Time Frame: At first data collection and then aging at second data collection which is 2 weeks - 6 months after first data collection (first and second data collection). It varies between pilot sites and disease area.

Health-related quality of life will be assessed with EQ5D-5L and transformed into utilities to parametrize a cost-utility analysis of the B-COMPASS.

The EQ-5D-5L is a standardized measure of health-related quality of live that comprises 5 dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Each dimension has five levels of severity, ranging from "no problems" to "extreme problems".
At first data collection and then aging at second data collection which is 2 weeks - 6 months after first data collection (first and second data collection). It varies between pilot sites and disease area.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Technical University of Madrid

Collaborators

University of Oslo
Novo Nordisk A/S
Pfizer
Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Belgium
Tilburg University
Empirica
Servier Affaires Médicales
Takeda Pharmaceuticals International, Inc.
PREDICTBY RESEARCH AND CONSULTING S.L.
Fundacio d'Investigacio en Atencio Primaria Jordi Gol i Gurina
Innovation Sprint
Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH)

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Giuseppe Fico, Professor, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

March 1, 2025

Primary Completion (Estimated)

June 30, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

September 30, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

January 7, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 26, 2025

First Posted (Actual)

March 4, 2025

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

April 1, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 26, 2026

Last Verified

March 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • BBAAMFIQHOACOH-GF-20241108
  • 101034369 (Other Grant/Funding Number: European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, IMI)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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