Effect of a Protein-Creatine-Omega3-Vitamin D Supplement on Glycemic Variability in Mexican Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (PROVID-DM)

Effect of a Combined Whey Protein, Creatine, Omega-3, and Vitamin D Supplement on Glycemic Variability in Mexican Patients With Recently Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-blind Trial Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring

This study aims to evaluate the effect of a daily nutritional supplement containing whey protein, creatine, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamin D on blood sugar fluctuations in adults with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Forty participants will be enrolled in a 12-week, double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Half of the participants will receive the supplement, while the other half will receive a placebo. Blood sugar levels will be monitored using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices placed at five different time points during and after the intervention. The study will also measure changes in HbA1c, body composition, metabolic biomarkers, and gut microbiota. Participants will receive medical follow-up and support for six months after the study. The goal is to explore whether this supplement can help stabilize glucose levels and support early management of diabetes.

Study Overview

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Conditions: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
• Intervention / Treatment: Dietary supplement: Protein-Creatine-Omega-3-Vitamin D Supplement; Dietary supplement: Placebo (Maltodextrin)

Detailed Description

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial will evaluate the impact of a combined supplement-composed of whey protein, creatine monohydrate, omega-3 fatty acids (EPA/DHA), and vitamin D-on glycemic variability in Mexican adults recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (diagnosis within the last 5 years, HbA1c 7.0-10.0%, treated with metformin or no pharmacologic therapy).

Forty participants will be randomized (1:1) to receive either the active supplement or placebo for 12 weeks. Glycemic variability will be assessed through five time points using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) with FreeStyle Libre sensors. Secondary outcomes include changes in HbA1c, fasting glucose, anthropometric data (via InBody H30), metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers (Bio-Plex Pro Human Diabetes 10-Plex Assay), and gut microbiota composition (via 16S rRNA sequencing in collaboration with the University of Illinois at Chicago).

The study also includes biweekly clinical assessments to monitor adherence and safety, and a final post-intervention follow-up phase four weeks after supplementation ends. All participants will receive six months of free medical follow-up. The study is designed to explore the feasibility of using CGM and multi-nutrient supplementation as part of early, non-pharmacological strategies to improve glycemic control in Latin American populations.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 40
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Hector Ivan Saldivar Cerón, M.D., Ph.D.; Phone Number: +525579801550; Email: ivansaldi@iztacala.unam.mx

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adults aged 18-65 years
• Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus within the past 5 years
• HbA1c between 7.0% and 10.0%
• BMI between 25 and 40 kg/m²
• On metformin monotherapy or no glucose-lowering medications
• Willing to follow study instructions and attend all scheduled visits
• Able to provide written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• Use of insulin or other antidiabetic medications beyond metformin
• History of type 1 diabetes, pancreatitis, or major GI surgery
• Severe renal, hepatic, or cardiovascular disease
• Use of supplements with whey protein, creatine, omega-3, or vitamin D in the past 3 months
• Known allergy to supplement/placebo ingredients
• Participation in another clinical trial within the past 3 months
• Pregnancy or breastfeeding
• Any condition that, in the investigator's judgment, may interfere with study participation

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Quadruple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Supplement Group; Participants assigned to this arm will receive a daily nutritional supplement for 12 weeks. The supplement will be provided in powdered sachets containing 30 g of whey protein isolate, 5 g of creatine monohydrate, 1 g of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA/DHA), and 1,000 IU of vitamin D3. Participants will dissolve the sachet in water and consume it once daily. Glycemic variability will be assessed through continuous glucose monitoring at five time points, and clinical evaluations will be performed biweekly.	Dietary supplement: Protein-Creatine-Omega-3-Vitamin D Supplement; Participants will receive a daily powdered supplement containing 30 g of whey protein isolate, 5 g of creatine monohydrate, 1 g of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA/DHA), and 1,000 IU of vitamin D3. The supplement will be taken once daily for 12 weeks, dissolved in water. It is designed to reduce glycemic variability and improve metabolic parameters in individuals with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
Placebo Comparator: Placebo Group; Participants in this arm will receive a daily placebo for 12 weeks. The placebo will be formulated with maltodextrin and will be identical in appearance, taste, and packaging to the active supplement. It will not contain whey protein, creatine, omega-3, or vitamin D. Participants will dissolve the sachet in water and consume it once daily. Glycemic variability and all other outcome measures will be assessed in the same schedule and manner as in the intervention group.	Dietary supplement: Placebo (Maltodextrin); Participants will receive a daily powdered placebo formulated with maltodextrin, without any active ingredients (no whey protein, creatine, omega-3, or vitamin D). It is identical in appearance, taste, and packaging to the active supplement. It will be taken once daily for 12 weeks and administered in the same conditions as the intervention group.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in Glycemic Variability	Change in Standard Deviation of Glucose Values (mg/dL)	Baseline, Week 4, Week 8, Week 12, and 4 weeks post-intervention (Week 16)
Change in Coefficient of Variation of Glucose (%)	The coefficient of variation (CV) of glucose levels will be calculated from CGM data to evaluate glycemic variability, reflecting the ratio between the SD and the mean glucose concentration during the monitoring period.	Baseline, Week 4, Week 8, Week 12, and Week 16 (4 weeks post-intervention)
Change in Time in Range (TIR, % of time between 70-180 mg/dL)	Time in Range (TIR) will be defined as the percentage of time that CGM glucose readings remain within the target range of 70-180 mg/dL. This measure will help assess overall glycemic control during and after the intervention.	Baseline, Week 4, Week 8, Week 12, and Week 16 (4 weeks post-intervention)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)	Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels will be measured at baseline and post-intervention to assess long-term glycemic control.	Baseline and Week 12
Change in Total Fat Mass (kg)	Total fat mass will be measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) using the InBody H30 device. The change in fat mass in kilograms will be evaluated from baseline to Week 12 to assess the effect of the intervention on body composition.	Baseline and Week 12
Change in Metabolic and Inflammatory Biomarkers	Plasma levels of selected biomarkers (e.g., insulin, adiponectin, leptin, IL-6, TNF-α) will be measured using Bio-Plex Pro Human Diabetes 10-Plex Assay.	Baseline, Week 12
Change in Gut Microbiota Composition	Microbiota diversity and relative abundance will be assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing of stool samples.	Baseline and Week 12
Change in Skeletal Muscle Mass (kg)	Skeletal muscle mass will be assessed via bioelectrical impedance analysis using the InBody H30. The difference in muscle mass from baseline to Week 12 will reflect changes in lean tissue due to the intervention.	Baseline and Week 12
Change in Visceral Fat Area (cm²)	Visceral fat area will be calculated using the InBody H30 bioimpedance analyzer. The change in cm² from baseline to Week 12 will be used to evaluate the effect of the supplement on abdominal fat.	Baseline and Week 12
Change in Plasma Insulin Levels (μIU/mL)	Plasma insulin concentrations will be measured using the Bio-Plex Pro Human Diabetes 10-Plex Assay. The change from baseline to Week 12 will help evaluate insulin sensitivity and pancreatic function.	Baseline and Week 12
Change in Plasma Adiponectin Levels (μg/mL)	Plasma adiponectin levels will be determined using a multiplex assay to assess anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects. Changes from baseline to Week 12 will be compared between groups.	Baseline and Week 12
Change in Plasma Leptin Levels (ng/mL)	Leptin concentrations will be assessed in plasma using the Bio-Plex platform to evaluate changes in energy balance and adipose tissue signaling during the intervention.	Baseline and Week 12
Change in Plasma IL-6 Levels (pg/mL)	Plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a key inflammatory cytokine, will be measured to assess systemic inflammation. The change between baseline and Week 12 will be used as an indicator of intervention impact.	Baseline and Week 12
Change in Plasma TNF-α Levels (pg/mL)	Plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) will be quantified to evaluate pro-inflammatory status. The change from baseline to Week 12 will indicate potential anti-inflammatory effects of the intervention.	Baseline and Week 12

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Héctor Iván Saldívar Cerón
• Collaborators: University of Illinois at Chicago

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Estimated): June 1, 2025
• Primary Completion (Estimated): May 1, 2026
• Study Completion (Estimated): October 25, 2026

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 1, 2025
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 7, 2025
• First Posted (Actual): April 10, 2025

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 13, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 9, 2025
• Last Verified: April 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Continuous Glucose Monitoring; Gut Microbiota; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; Glycemic Variability; Nutrition Intervention; Recently Diagnosed Diabetes; Metabolic Biomarkers
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Endocrine System Diseases; Metabolic Diseases; Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes Mellitus; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Micronutrients; Vitamins; Vitamin D
• Other Study ID Numbers: CE/FESI/032025/1908; FICDTEM-2023-131 (Other Identifier: COMECYT)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: YES
• IPD Plan Description: De-identified individual participant data (IPD) to be shared will include baseline and post-intervention values of glycemic variability (CGM metrics), HbA1c, fasting glucose, anthropometric data (body composition, grip strength), inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers, and gut microbiota profiles.
• IPD Sharing Time Frame: IPD and supporting information will be made available beginning 6 months after publication of the main results and will remain available for 5 years, or until depletion of data access capacity.
• IPD Sharing Access Criteria: Access will be granted to qualified researchers affiliated with academic or health institutions, upon submission of a methodologically sound proposal. Requests will be reviewed by the principal investigator and ethics committee. Data will be shared through secure institutional platforms or upon direct contact with the research team.
• IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type: STUDY_PROTOCOL; SAP; ICF

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No