Measurment of Optic Disc Parameters, RNFL Thickness and Ganglion Cell Complex in Myopic, Hypermetropic and Emmetropic Patients Using OCT and Axial Length Measurments

Correlation Between Axial Length and Degree of Refractive Error With Optic Disc Parameters , Ganglion Cell Complex and Peripapillary RNFL Thickness

To evaluate the optic disc parameters, thickness of ganglion cell complex (GCC), and thickness of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in myopic and hyperopic and emmetrop patients using optical coherence tomography (OCT), and to correlate these changes with axial length and degree of refractive error.

Study Overview

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Conditions: Refractive Errors
• Intervention / Treatment: Device: OCT

Detailed Description

Refractive errors, particularly myopia and hyperopia, are among the most common ocular conditions globally, affecting both children and adults .

Myopia is frequently associated with axial elongation, which may induce structural changes in the posterior segment of the eye such as thinning of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and alteration of optic disc parameters . Hyperopia, conversely, is linked to shorter axial lengths and has been shown to affect retinal and optic nerve anatomy in distinct ways .

Optical coherence tomography (OCT), particularly spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT), allows for high-resolution imaging of the RNFL and ganglion cell complex (GCC), which are crucial for visual processing. These layers are known to undergo subtle changes not only due to disease processes like glaucoma or optic neuropathies but also as a result of anatomical differences induced by refractive status .

While many studies have independently evaluated RNFL or GCC in myopic and hyperopic patients, few have directly compared these two refractive states while correlating structural findings with axial length and refractive error magnitude . Including an emmetropic control group provides a normative benchmark, enhancing the clinical relevance of the findings .

This study seeks to fill this gap by offering a comparative structural analysis using OCT, aiming to enhance diagnostic sensitivity and understanding of optic nerve and macular changes in various refractive profiles.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Estimated): 266

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Mariam Sameh Roshdy; Phone Number: +201143288540; Email: romaa.sameh83@gmail.com

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Adults age starting from 18 years old Diagnosed with myopia (≤ -0.50 D) or hyperopia (≥ +0.50 D) Clear ocular media for high-quality OCT imaging No prior ocular surgeries Willing to provide informed consent IOP below 21 exculuding Presence of glaucoma or optic nerve pathologies Retinal diseases or degenerative changes Systemic diseases affecting the eye (e.g., diabetes, hypertension) History of trauma or intraocular surgery High astigmatism (> ±2.00 D) Poor OCT image quality

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adults age starting from 18 years old Diagnosed with myopia (≤ -0.50 D) or hyperopia (≥ +0.50 D) Clear ocular media for high-quality OCT imaging No prior ocular surgeries Willing to provide informed consent IOP below 21

Exclusion Criteria:

• Presence of glaucoma or optic nerve pathologies Retinal diseases or degenerative changes Systemic diseases affecting the eye (e.g., diabetes, hypertension) History of trauma or intraocular surgery High astigmatism (> ±2.00 D) Poor OCT image quality

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
To evaluate the optic disc parameters, thickness of ganglion cell complex (GCC), and thickness of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in myopic and hyperopic and emmetrop patients using optical coherence tomography (OCT)	To evaluate the optic disc parameters, thickness of ganglion cell complex (GCC), and thickness of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in myopic and hyperopic and emmetrop patients using optical coherence tomography (OCT)	two years

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Assiut University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Holden BA, Fricke TR, Wilson DA, Jong M, Naidoo KS, Sankaridurg P, Wong TY, Naduvilath TJ, Resnikoff S. Global Prevalence of Myopia and High Myopia and Temporal Trends from 2000 through 2050. Ophthalmology. 2016 May;123(5):1036-42. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.01.006. Epub 2016 Feb 11.
• Chen Y, Li X, Wang J, et al. Recent large-sample findings reinforcing the relationship between myopia (axial elongation) and reduced RNFL thickness, with discussion of magnification correction. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):12567.
• Wu Z, Huang J, Wang Y, et al. Retinal structural changes associated with high refractive errors: A comparative OCT analysis. Eye (Lond). 2024;38(1):112-120.
• Hougaard JL, Wang M, Fjeldstad JS. Quantitative OCT findings in high myopia and hyperopia. Acta Ophthalmol. 2023;101(4):e315-e322.
• Liu S, Chen J, Xu Y, Li Y, Zhang X. Effects of refractive error on GCC and RNFL thickness: a meta-analysis. Eye Vis (Lond). 2023;10(1):14
• Wang D, Zhang Y, Chen H, Li L, Zhou Y. Evaluation of RNFL thickness in hyperopic eyes: a comparative OCT-based study. Int J Ophthalmol. 2022;15(4):599-605.
• . Leung CK, Yu M, Weinreb RN, Mak HK, Lai G, Ye C, et al. Impact of axial length on optic disc and retinal nerve fiber layer measurements. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52(1):291-9.
• . Kim M, Choi EH, Lee HS, Park SW, Kim JH, Yu YS. Peripapillary and macular retinal thickness in high myopia measured with OCT. BMC Ophthalmol. 2020;20(1):285.

Helpful Links

• Related Info

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Estimated): January 1, 2026
• Primary Completion (Estimated): November 1, 2027
• Study Completion (Estimated): December 1, 2027

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 17, 2025
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 17, 2025
• First Posted (Actual): November 21, 2025

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): November 21, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 17, 2025
• Last Verified: November 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Eye Diseases; Refractive Errors
• Other Study ID Numbers: OCT in refractive error

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No