Comparison of TTE and LTTBT on Trunk Control, Balance and ADL's in Stroke Patients

November 18, 2025 updated by: Riphah International University

Comparison of Trunk Training Exercises and Lateral Truncal Tilt Balance Training on Trunk Control, Balance and Activities of Daily Living in Stroke Patients

To compare the effects of trunk training exercises and lateral truncal tilt balance training on trunk control, balance and activities of daily living in stroke patients.The primary outcome measures used to evaluate the efficacy of each training approach will include the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, assessing mobility and fall risk; the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), which measures functional balance; and the Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), evaluating trunk control and coordination.

Study Overview

Status

Recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Stroke is a significant cause of disability globally, affecting millions each year. Stroke patients frequently experience impairments in trunk control and balance, critical factors for independence in activities of daily living (ADLs). Two promising therapeutic approaches include Trunk Training Exercises (TTE) focusing on core stability and Lateral Truncal Tilt Balance Training (LTT), which targets balance and postural alignment through controlled lateral movements. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of these two interventions in improving trunk control, balance, and ADLs in stroke patients, potentially leading to optimized rehabilitation practices. A randomized clinical trial will be conducted at Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. Participants aged 40 75, diagnosed with sub-acute stroke, will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: Group A, which will undergo trunk training exercises (TTE), and Group B, which will receive lateral truncal tilt balance training (LTT). Each intervention will last for eight weeks and thrice a week, with a session of 45 minutes including warm-up exercises, main exercises and cool down period during which participants will engage in their respective training regimens. To assess the impact of these interventions, baseline measurements will be taken prior to the intervention and compared to post-intervention results. The primary outcome measures used to evaluate the efficacy of each training approach will include the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, assessing mobility and fall risk; the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), which measures functional balance; and the Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), evaluating trunk control and coordination. Data analysis will be conducted using SPSS software (version 25). To determine the distribution of data, the Shapiro-Wilk Test will be performed. If the data is not normally distributed, the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test will be used to analyze within-group differences, while the Mann-Whitney U Test will assess differences between groups at each interval. For normally distributed data, Paired Sample T-tests will compare pre- and post-intervention scores within each group, and Independent Sample T-tests will evaluate changes between groups.

Inclusion criteria is:

Patients with ischemic stroke Both male and females Age 40-75 years Patients diagnosed with sub-acute stroke after six months to 1.5 years of diagnosis Patients able to walk 10 meters independently Score less than 21 on trunk impairment scale Patients with score 24 or more on MMSE

Exclusion criteria is:

Patients with score more than 2 on modified Ashworth scale will be excluded Chronic patients will not be included in the study.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

44

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Locations

  • Pakistan
    • Punjab Province
      • Lahore, Punjab Province, Pakistan, 54550
        • Recruiting
        • Jinnah Hospital
        • Contact:
        • Contact:
        • Principal Investigator:
          • Hafsa Fayyaz
        • Sub-Investigator:
          • Fatima Tariq

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Patients with ischemic stroke
  • Both male and females
  • Age 40-75 years
  • Patients diagnosed with sub-acute stroke after six months to 1.5 years of diagnosis
  • Patients able to walk 10 meters independently
  • Score less than 21 on trunk impairment scale
  • Patients with score 24 or more on MMSE

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients with score more than 2 on modified Ashworth scale will be excluded
  • Chronic patients will not be included in the study.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Trunk Training Exercises
Core Stabilization Exercises, dynamic trunk exercises, bridging exercises
Other: Trunk Training Exercises

Group A will undergo a structured trunk training exercise program focused on strengthening the core muscles involved in trunk control. This program will include both dynamic and static exercises targeting trunk flexion, extension, and rotation, which are critical for improving postural stability and overall trunk coordination.

Frequency: Sessions will be conducted three times per week for the duration of 8 weeks.

Session Duration: Each session will last approximately 45 minutes, including a warm-up, main exercises, and a cool-down period.
Experimental: Lateral Truncal Tilt Balance Training
Seated lateral tilts, Standing Lateral Weight Shifts, balance board tilts, Stability Ball Exercises, lateral Reaches on Unstable Surface
Other: Lateral Truncal Tilt Balance Training

Group B will follow a lateral truncal tilt balance training program focusing on balance improvement through lateral stability exercises. This training emphasizes body tilts and weight shifts to encourage trunk control and postural alignment, particularly targeting the common lateral asymmetries observed in stroke patients.

Frequency: Sessions will be conducted three times per week for 8 weeks. Session Duration: Each session will last approximately 45 minutes, including warm-up, main exercises, and a cool-down period.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Timed up and go test (TUG)
Time Frame: 1-2 min
The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test is a simple and widely used assessment to evaluate a person's mobility, balance, and risk of falling, particularly in older adults and individuals with neurological conditions like stroke. A time of under 10 seconds is typically considered normal for healthy adults, while times over 12-14 seconds may indicate a higher risk of falls and impaired mobility. It has good validity and reliability ranging from 0.80-0.83
1-2 min

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Berg balance scale (BBS)
Time Frame: 15 to 20 min
. The scale consists of 14 functional tasks, such as standing from a seated position, reaching forward, standing with eyes closed, and turning 360 degrees. Each task is scored on a 5-point scale from 0 (unable to perform) to 4 (normal performance), yielding a maximum score of 56, with lower scores indicating a greater risk of falling (20).
15 to 20 min

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Trunk impairment scale (TIS)
Time Frame: upto 20 min
. It includes three subscales: static sitting balance, dynamic sitting balance, and trunk coordination, with scores ranging from 0 to 23 points, where higher scores indicate better trunk stability and coordination
upto 20 min

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Riphah International University

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Aruba Saeed, Phd*, Riphah International University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

October 17, 2024

Primary Completion (Estimated)

November 30, 2025

Study Completion (Estimated)

December 30, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

November 18, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

November 18, 2025

First Posted (Actual)

November 25, 2025

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

November 25, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

November 18, 2025

Last Verified

November 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • REC/02102

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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