Effect Of Lıstenıng to Musıc on Women Gıvıng Bırth By Cesarean Sectıon: Paın, Comfort And Attachment

The Effect Of Music Played To Women Who Gave Birth By Cesarean Section On Pain, Comfort And Mother İnfant Bonding Level İn The Early Period

This study aims to evaluate the effect of music played for women who undergo cesarean delivery on their early-stage pain, comfort, and mother-infant bonding levels. The study was conducted with 62 women who had cesarean deliveries and were hospitalized in the Obstetrics Unit of Bilecik Training and Research Hospital. Participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group or a control group. Music in the Acemaşiran mode was played for 20 minutes twice, at the 8th and 16th postpartum hours for the experimental group, while the control group received routine midwifery/nursing care practices provided in the clinic after cesarean delivery. The study is designed to assess whether listening to music after cesarean delivery influences postoperative pain, comfort, and mother-infant bonding levels.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Cesarean Delivery; Music Listening
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Music intervention

Detailed Description

This study is designed to evaluate the effect of music played for women undergoing cesarean section on early-stage pain, comfort, and mother-infant bonding. The study included a total of 62 women who had cesarean deliveries and were admitted to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Bilecik Training and Research Hospital. Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=31) and a control group (n=31).

Data are collected using the Descriptive Information Form, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Postpartum Comfort Scale (PPCS), and Mother-Infant Attachment Scale (MBIS). The data will be analyzed using IBM SPSS V23 and JAMOVI V2.3.21 software.

The study is designed to compare the effects of listening to music in the Acemaşiran mode with standard postpartum care after cesarean delivery. The intervention involves listening to music for 20 minutes at the 8th and 16th postpartum hours in the experimental group, while the control group receives routine midwifery/nursing care practices.

The following hypotheses will be tested:

H1-a: Listening to music affects the pain levels of women after cesarean delivery.

H1-b: Listening to music affects the comfort levels of women after cesarean delivery.

H1-c: Listening to music affects the physical comfort levels of women after cesarean delivery.

H1-d: Listening to music affects the sociocultural comfort levels of women after cesarean delivery.

H1-e: Listening to music affects the psychospiritual comfort levels of women after cesarean delivery.

H1-f: Listening to music affects the mother-infant bonding relationship of women after cesarean delivery.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 62
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey (Türkiye)
  • Türkiye
    • Bilecik, Türkiye, Turkey (Türkiye), 11000
      • Bilecik Training and Research Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Voluntary participants,
• Undergoing cesarean delivery between 38-40 weeks of gestation,
• Aged between 18-45 years,
• Literate and fluent in Turkish,
• Experiencing no complications during or after the cesarean procedure,
• Having an uncomplicated pregnancy,
• Free of chronic illnesses,
• Without any auditory or visual impairments,
• Without a diagnosed mental health condition,
• Giving birth to a single, healthy, and live newborn.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Individuals who do not consent to participate,
• Those with any cognitive, sensory, or verbal impairments that hinder communication,
• Diagnosed with any medical condition during pregnancy,
• Experiencing postpartum complications affecting either the mother or the fetus,
• Having a newborn admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit,
• Experiencing chronic pain,
• Individuals with hearing impairments,
• Diagnosed with psychiatric or chronic illnesses.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Basic Science
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Experimental Group; In the experimental group, women were exposed to music for 20 minutes twice, at the 8th and 16th hours postpartum. At the 8th postpartum hour, the Personal Information Form, Visual Analog Scale, Postpartum Comfort Scale, and Maternal-Infant Attachment Scale were administered. Music was played for 20 minutes, and routine midwifery care was provided. Thirty minutes after the intervention, the Visual Analog Scale was administered again. At the 16th postpartum hour, the Visual Analog Scale, routine midwifery care, and another 20-minute music session were conducted. Thirty minutes after this session, the Visual Analog Scale, Postpartum Comfort Scale, and Maternal-Infant Attachment Scale were applied.	Behavioral: Music intervention; To play music
No Intervention: Control Group; In the control group, at the 8th postpartum hour, the Personal Information Form, Visual Analog Scale, Postpartum Comfort Scale, and Maternal-Infant Attachment Scale were administered. Routine midwifery care was provided. Thirty minutes after the intervention, the Visual Analog Scale was applied again. At the 16th postpartum hour, the Visual Analog Scale and routine midwifery care were administered. Thirty minutes after this intervention, the Visual Analog Scale, Postpartum Comfort Scale, and Maternal-Infant Attachment Scale were administered.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in Pain Intensity Measured by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS)	Pain intensity will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), a 10-point scale ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst possible pain). Higher scores indicate greater pain intensity.	Baseline (before intervention), 30 minutes after the first music session, and 30 minutes after the second music session.
Change in Postpartum Comfort Level Measured by the Postpartum Comfort Scale (PPCS)	The Postpartum Comfort Scale (PPCS) is a 34-item Likert-type scale that assesses overall comfort levels of postpartum women. Each item is scored between 1 (disagree) and 4 (strongly agree), with total scores ranging from 34 to 136. Higher scores indicate higher comfort levels.	8th and 16th postpartum hours.
Change in Mother-Infant Bonding Measured by the Mother-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS)	The Mother-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS) is an 8-item scale measuring maternal emotional bonding toward the infant. Each item is scored from 0 to 3, with total scores ranging from 0 to 24. Higher scores indicate weaker bonding (worse outcome).	16th postpartum hour.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in Physical Comfort Level Measured by the Physical Comfort Subscale of the Postpartum Comfort Scale (PPCS)	The Physical Comfort Subscale of the Postpartum Comfort Scale (PPCS) assesses physical well-being and recovery in postpartum women. Items are scored from 1 (disagree) to 4 (strongly agree), and total scores range from 10 to 40. Higher scores indicate greater physical comfort.	8th and 16th postpartum hours.
Change in Sociocultural Comfort Level Measured by the Sociocultural Comfort Subscale of the Postpartum Comfort Scale (PPCS)	The Sociocultural Comfort Subscale of the Postpartum Comfort Scale (PPCS) evaluates the sociocultural adaptation and support experienced by postpartum women. Each item is scored from 1 to 4, and total scores range from 8 to 32. Higher scores indicate greater sociocultural comfort.	8th and 16th postpartum hours.
Change in Psychospiritual Comfort Level Measured by the Psychospiritual Comfort Subscale of the Postpartum Comfort Scale (PPCS)	The Psychospiritual Comfort Subscale of the Postpartum Comfort Scale (PPCS) assesses emotional, spiritual, and psychological comfort in postpartum women. Each item is scored from 1 to 4, with total scores ranging from 10 to 40. Higher scores indicate greater psychospiritual comfort.	8th and 16th postpartum hours.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Balikesir University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Pelin PALAS KARACA, Associate Professor, Balikesir University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): March 15, 2023
• Primary Completion (Actual): November 23, 2023
• Study Completion (Actual): May 15, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 29, 2025
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 14, 2025
• First Posted (Actual): December 17, 2025

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): December 17, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 14, 2025
• Last Verified: December 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: pain; comfort; music; bonding; midwifery; cesarean delivery
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Neurologic Manifestations; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Signs and Symptoms; Pain
• Other Study ID Numbers: BU-SBE-EU-001

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No