Prediction of Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Thoracic Surgery (PREDICT-PPC)

Prediction of Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Thoracic Surgery: an Immuno-inflammatory Approach

Lung cancer is a common disease, and its treatment is lobectomy or pulmonary segmentectomy. In France, approximately 8,000 patients undergo this procedure each year, but it remains associated with significant Postoperative Pulmonary Complications (PPC). This surgical trauma triggers a multicellular and orchestrated immune response, necessary for defense against pathogens, as well as for inflammatory resolution and wound healing. Preoperative single-cell analysis of the patient's immune system is therefore a promising strategy for identifying biomarkers of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC). Brice Gaudilliere's laboratory at Stanford University, in collaboration with the Paris-based startup Surge, has developed and patented a multivariate model integrating mass cytometry data, proteomic analyses, and clinical data collected before surgery to accurately predict surgical site complications after major abdominal surgery. However, no study has yet explored the identification of inflammatory biomarkers predictive of PPC after thoracic surgery.

Study Overview

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Conditions: Postoperative Pulmonary Complications (PPCs)
• Intervention / Treatment: Diagnostic test: Evaluation of prognostic performance of a defined score using a machine learning method (STABL: Stability Selection) integrating immune data (cytometric and proteomic)

Detailed Description

The issue of postoperative pulmonary complications following major lung resection (such as lobectomy or segmentectomy) is a central topic in anesthesia and thoracic surgery. Postoperative morbidity and mortality after this type of surgery have drastically decreased in recent years with advances in anesthesia and resuscitation, as well as minimally invasive surgery, but remain high compared to other types of surgery, particularly due to postoperative pneumonia. The etiology of postoperative pneumonia is multifactorial (atelectasis, postoperative ventilation, inadequate analgesia), but the patient's immune system plays a predominant role in each individual case. Therefore, identifying inflammatory biomarkers predictive of postoperative pulmonary complications in a given patient could optimize their management and reduce the risk of postoperative pulmonary cancer (PPC). The objective of this study is to identify preoperative inflammatory biomarkers predictive of PPC after major lung resection. It will use machine learning methods specific to these data to define an immune signature of PPC. This immune signature will be validated using standard analytical techniques to facilitate the clinical translation of a diagnostic test.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Estimated): 100

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: vincent VF FERRANTI, ARC; Phone Number: +33 02 32 88 82 65; Email: Vincent.Ferranti@chu-rouen.fr
• Study Contact Backup: Name: Nabila NL LAAJAIL, Director; Phone Number: +33 02 32 88 82 65; Email: Nabila.Laajail@chu-rouen.fr

Study Locations

• France
  • Rouen, France, 76100
    • Service de Anesthésie-Réanimation Médecine périopératoire CHU de Rouen
    • Contact: Naomi ND DAMES, Doctor; Phone Number: +33 02 32 88 68 28; Email: Naomi.Dames@chu-rouen.fr

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

Patients undergoing programmed video-assisted or robot-assisted lobectomy, bilobectomy or segmentectomy.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age ≥ 18 years
• ASA score ≤ 3
• Patients undergoing scheduled video-assisted or robot-assisted lobectomy, bilobectomy, or segmentectomy.
• Patients who have read and understood the information letter and do not object to the research.
• For women of childbearing age (non-sterile): effective contraception
• Menopausal (non-medically induced amenorrhea for at least 12 months)
• Patients covered by a social security scheme

Exclusion Criteria:

• Minor patients
• Surgery scheduled for a Friday
• Patients undergoing a pneumonectomy
• Pregnant or breastfeeding women
• Patients deprived of their liberty by an administrative or judicial decision, as well as those under legal protection, guardianship, or curatorship

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Evaluation of the prognostic performance of a score for screening patients at risk of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC)	Evaluation of the prognostic performance of a defined score using a machine learning method (STABL: Stability Selection) integrating preoperative immune (cytometric and proteomic) and clinical data within 7 postoperative days of a major lung resection

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Evaluation of the incidence of pulmonary complications	Postoperative Pulmonary Complications (PPCs) occurring between the 8th and 30th postoperative days will be assessed. The PPCs considered will be: postoperative pneumonia, pleural effusion, postoperative atelectasis, pneumothorax, bronchospasm, and acute respiratory distress syndrome.	30 days
Evaluation of the correlation between the prognostic score defined using a machine learning method and the length of hospital stay	Measurement of the score obtained by the machine learning method and the length of hospital stay recorded in days (D0 being the day of the intervention)	3 months
Evaluation of the correlation between the prognostic score defined using a machine learning method and the number of reintubations recorded	Measurement of the score obtained by the machine learning method and the number of reintubations recorded in the first 30 postoperative days	30 days
Evaluation of the correlation between the prognostic score defined using a machine learning method and the Number of unplanned hospitalizations in intensive care recorded	Measurement of the score obtained by the machine learning method and the Number of unplanned hospitalizations in intensive care recorded in the first 30 postoperative days	30 days
Evaluation of the correlation between the prognostic score defined using a machine learning method and the Preoperative anxiety score assessed	Measurement of the score obtained by the machine learning method and the Preoperative anxiety score assessed on day 0 (before surgery) using the STAI (State Trait Anxiety Inventory) Questionnaire	48 hours
Evaluation of the correlation between the prognostic score defined using a machine learning method and the Preoperative anxiety score assessed	Measurement of the score obtained by the machine learning method and the Preoperative anxiety score assessed at 48 hours using the STAI (State Trait Anxiety Inventory) Questionnaire	48 hours
Evaluation of the correlation between the prognostic score defined using a machine learning method and The cost of care	Measurement of the score obtained by the machine learning method and The cost of care between J0, J30 and J90 (estimated by the Homogeneous Stay Group generated for each hospital stay (initial hospitalization and rehospitalization(s)).	3 months
Evaluation of the prognostic performance of the score calculated by the machine learning method on Post-operative Pulmonary Complications (PPC) assessed by the Melbourne composite score (Melbourne Group Scale (MGS) >=4)	The area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) is calculated from the score obtained using the machine learning method and the primary respiratory symptoms (PRS) in the first 7 days, assessed by the Melbourne Group Scale (MGS). The MGS includes the following items and will be considered positive if ≥ 4 points: Temperature ≥ 38.5°C (1 point) Purulent sputum (1 point) Positive bacteriology (1 point) SpO2 < 90% in room air (1 point) Leukocytes > 11.2 x 10⁶/ml (1 point) Prescription of antibiotic therapy (1 point) Chest X-ray: atelectasis (1 point) (defined as previously) Diagnosis of pneumonia by a physician (1 point) (defined as previously) Readmission to intensive care or prolonged stay (> 36 hours) for respiratory problems (1 point)	7 days
Evaluation of the prognostic performance of the score calculated by the machine learning method on the severity of postpartum bleeding (PPB)	The area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) is calculated from the score obtained using the machine learning method and the severity of postpartum bleeding (PPB) in the first 30 days assessed by the Clavien-Dindo score	30 days
Evaluation of the prognostic performance of the score calculated by the machine learning method on Postoperative mortality assessed at 30 days	The area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) is calculated from the score obtained using the machine learning method and Postoperative mortality assessed at 30 days	30 days
Evaluation of the prognostic performance of the score calculated by the machine learning method on Postoperative mortality assessed at 90 days	The area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) is calculated from the score obtained using the machine learning method and Postoperative mortality assessed at 90 days	90 days
Evaluation of the prognostic performance of the score calculated by the machine learning method on Pre- and postoperative pain	The area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) is calculated from the score obtained using the machine learning method and Pre- and postoperative pain was assessed using a numerical rating scale from 0 to 10 at day 0 (before surgery), at 24 hours, and at 48 hours. Neuropathic pain was assessed by telephone at 3 months using the DN4 questionnaire.	90 days

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University Hospital, Rouen
• Investigators: Study Director: Jean JS SELIM, Doctor, Service de Anesthésie-Réanimation Médecine périopératoire CHU de Rouen

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Estimated): June 1, 2026
• Primary Completion (Estimated): September 1, 2028
• Study Completion (Estimated): March 1, 2029

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 14, 2026
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 14, 2026
• First Posted (Actual): January 22, 2026

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): January 22, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 14, 2026
• Last Verified: January 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: lung cancer; immuno-inflammatory approach
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Neoplasms by Site; Neoplasms; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Lung Diseases; Respiratory Tract Neoplasms; Thoracic Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2024/0307/HP; 2025-A01699-40 (Other Identifier: ANSM)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No