Effects of Primal Reflex Release Technique on Pain, Range of Motion and Quality of Life in Post Colonoscopy Coccydynia

February 23, 2026 updated by: Riphah International University
The study was conducted to determine the effects of primal reflex release technique on pain, range of motion and quality of life in post colonoscopy coccydynia

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

46

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Pakistan
    • Punjab Province
      • Lahore, Punjab Province, Pakistan
        • Riphah International University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age group 18-65 year (26)
  • Both gender (male and female)
  • Diagnosed with coccydynia post colonoscopy.
  • Pain in and around the coccyx area without palpation, radiation and tenderness.
  • No history of significant trauma to the coccyx.
  • Difficulty in pain-free sitting for long duration.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Any malignancy
  • Active infection
  • Cyst or cancer in the pelvic region.
  • Previous coccygeal surgery or trauma.
  • Pregnancy or breastfeeding.
  • Major ligament injuries in the pelvic region.
  • Neurological disorders affecting pain perception.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Primal reflex release technique

Primal Reflex Release Techniques (3 sets of 10 repetitions) that includes the initial assessment to evaluate pain and Rom

. PRRT techniques of coccygeal area and pelvic (10-15 minutes) And post treatment evaluation to reassess.
Other: Primal Reflex Release Technique
Primal Reflex Release Techniques (3 sets of 10 repetitions) that includes the initial assessment to evaluate pain and Rom. PRRT techniques of coccygeal area and pelvic (10-15 minutes) And post treatment evaluation to reassess.
Other Names:
  • Experimental
Other: Standardized Physiotherapy Treatment

Standardized Physiotherapy treatment was included hot pack for 10 minutes, Hip flexors and pelvic muscles stretching for 3 times with 30 seconds and core stability exercises of pelvic tilts and bridges for 2 sets of 10 seconds.

Both groups came thrice per week for a total of 4 weeks. Pre and post treatment values of both groups were analyzed.
Other: Standardized Physiotherapy Treatment
Standardized Physiotherapy treatment was included hot pack for 10 minutes, Hip flexors and pelvic muscles stretching for 3 times with 30 seconds and core stability exercises of pelvic tilts and bridges for 2 sets of 10 seconds. Both groups came thrice per week for a total of 4 weeks. Pre and post treatment values of both groups were analyzed.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Numeric Pain Rate Scale (NPRS)
Time Frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment in 10 months
Patient's pain was summarized using numerical scale. It has numbers from 0 to 10. Where 0 is equal to "no pain" and 10 is equal to "worst pain". This scale has high test-retest reliability of r = 0.96 and 0.95, respectively.
From enrollment to the end of treatment in 10 months
Manual Muscle Testing (MMT)
Time Frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment in 10 months
Manual muscle testing was used to assess muscle strength. Which can be scored using a 0-10 points using Kendal 10-point muscle strength scale. MMT is the most commonly used method for documenting impairments in muscle strength in both spine and periphery with a kappa value 0.88.
From enrollment to the end of treatment in 10 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Riphah International University

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Shanza Mahmood, MS-OMPT, Riphah International University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

January 6, 2025

Primary Completion (Actual)

October 10, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

November 2, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

February 23, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 23, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

February 27, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

February 27, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 23, 2026

Last Verified

February 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

  • REC/RCR & AHS/24/01114

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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