Parent Education About Human Papillomavirus (HPV) ((HPV))

August 6, 2026 updated by: KTO Karatay University

Effect of a Health Belief Model-Based Parent Education Intervention on Human Papillomavirus Knowledge and Vaccination Intention: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is an effective strategy for preventing HPV-related diseases; however, parental knowledge and vaccination intention may influence vaccine uptake among children and adolescents. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effect of a Health Belief Model (HBM)-based parent education intervention on HPV knowledge and HPV vaccination intention among parents of children aged 9-14 years.

A total of 64 parents were enrolled and randomly assigned to an intervention group (n=32) or a control group (n=32). Following baseline assessment, the intervention group received a single, approximately 40-minute, face-to-face, nurse-led educational session based on the constructs of the Health Belief Model. The control group received no educational intervention during the five-week comparison period.

HPV knowledge and vaccination intention were assessed at baseline and five weeks later. After completion of the five-week assessment, the control group received the same educational session for ethical reasons.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

This parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted among parents of children aged 9-14 years. A total of 64 eligible parents completed the baseline assessment and were allocated to two parallel groups, with 32 participants in the intervention group and 32 participants in the control group.

Following the baseline assessment, participants assigned to the intervention group received a single, face-to-face, nurse-led educational session based on the Health Belief Model. The approximately 40-minute session addressed HPV transmission, HPV-related diseases and cancers, HPV vaccination, vaccine effectiveness, recommended vaccination schedules, screening, common misconceptions, and barriers to vaccination. The educational content was structured according to the Health Belief Model constructs of perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy.

Participants in both groups were invited to return five weeks after the baseline assessment. To reduce interaction between groups during follow-up assessment, the intervention and control groups attended at different times on the same day. The intervention group attended first, followed by the control group. HPV knowledge and vaccination intention were reassessed at the five-week follow-up.

All 32 participants in the intervention group completed the follow-up assessment. Of the 32 participants assigned to the control group, 30 completed the follow-up assessment. After completion of the follow-up assessment, participants in the control group received the same educational session provided to the intervention group.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

64

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
      • Konya, Turkey (Türkiye), 42020
        • Özel Bilgi Dünyası Etüt Merkezi

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Parent aged 18-49 years

  • Being a parent of a child aged 9-14 years
  • Being able to read and write in Turkish
  • Having no hearing or communication problems that would prevent participation in the educational session
  • Providing voluntary informed consent to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

• Having a child who had received any dose of the HPV vaccine before enrollment in the study

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Parent group that will receive HPV training
Participants assigned to the intervention group received a single, face-to-face, nurse-led educational session based on the Health Belief Model after completion of the baseline assessment. The session lasted approximately 40 minutes and included information on HPV transmission, HPV-related cancers, HPV vaccination, vaccine effectiveness, vaccination schedules, screening, and common misconceptions. Participants were invited to return five weeks later for post-intervention assessment.
Behavioral: Behavioral: Health Belief Model-Based HPV Education
Participants assigned to the intervention group received a single, face-to-face, nurse-led educational session based on the Health Belief Model after completion of the baseline assessment. The approximately 40-minute session addressed HPV transmission, HPV-related cancers, HPV vaccination, vaccine effectiveness, recommended vaccination schedules, screening, and common misconceptions. The educational content was structured according to the Health Belief Model constructs, including perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy. Participants were invited to return five weeks later for post-intervention assessment.
No Intervention: Control group to receive HPV training
Participants assigned to the control group completed the baseline assessment and received no educational intervention during the five-week comparison period. They returned five weeks later for post-intervention assessment. After completion of the post-intervention assessment, they received the same educational session as the intervention group for ethical reasons.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Human Papillomavirus Knowledge Scale (HPV-KS)
Time Frame: Baseline and 5 weeks
HPV knowledge was assessed using the 33-item Human Papillomavirus Knowledge Scale (HPV-KS). The scale includes items assessing general HPV knowledge, HPV testing knowledge, and HPV vaccination knowledge. Items are answered as "Yes," "No," or "I don't know." Each correct response is scored as 1, whereas incorrect and "I don't know" responses are scored as 0. Total scores range from 0 to 33, with higher scores indicating greater HPV-related knowledge.
Baseline and 5 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
HPV Vaccination Intention
Time Frame: Baseline and 5 weeks
Parents' intention to vaccinate their child against HPV was assessed using the question, "Would you consider vaccinating your child against HPV?" Responses were recorded as "Yes" or "No." Vaccination intention was assessed at baseline and again five weeks after the intervention.
Baseline and 5 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

KTO Karatay University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

February 25, 2026

Primary Completion (Actual)

March 31, 2026

Study Completion (Actual)

March 31, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

December 6, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 27, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

March 3, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

August 10, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

August 6, 2026

Last Verified

August 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • KTO Karatay Ünivesitesi

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

Individual participant data will not be publicly shared due to participant confidentiality and ethical considerations. Aggregated study results will be reported in the publication.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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