Health Belief Model Scale Development for Disability and Abilities in Vestibular Migraine Patients

Development, Validity and Reliability Study of the Health Belief Model Scale Regarding Disability and Abilities in Vestibular Migraine Patients

Vestibular migraine (VM) is a neurological condition characterized by recurrent episodes of dizziness, imbalance, and migraine-related symptoms. Individuals' responses to health problems are influenced by their health beliefs. The Health Belief Model (HBM) is widely used to evaluate health beliefs, including perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy.

The aim of this study is to develop a Health Belief Model-based scale regarding disability and abilities in patients with vestibular migraine and to evaluate its psychometric properties. During the scale development process, expert opinions from specialists in audiology, psychiatry, neurology, and linguistics will be obtained to assess the content validity of the scale items.

The developed scale will be administered to patients diagnosed with vestibular migraine. In addition, participants in the research group will receive information and awareness training about vestibular migraine in order to increase health belief levels related to disability and abilities. Statistical analyses will be performed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the scale and the applicability of the intervention model.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Vestibular Migraine
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Vestibular Migraine Education / Awareness Session

Detailed Description

Vestibular migraine (VM) is a neurological condition characterized by recurrent episodes of vertigo, dizziness, imbalance, and migraine-related symptoms. These symptoms may affect daily functioning, participation in social activities, and quality of life. Because vestibular migraine is a chronic and recurrent condition, individuals' health behaviors and coping strategies are considered important in disease management. These behaviors may be influenced by patients' health beliefs.

Health beliefs are commonly conceptualized using the Health Belief Model (HBM), which includes six major constructs: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy. These constructs are used to explain how individuals perceive health risks and how they adopt or maintain health-related behaviors.

The aim of this study is to develop a new measurement scale based on the Health Belief Model for patients with vestibular migraine in the field of Audiology and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the scale. During the scale development process, content validity will be assessed through expert review. A multidisciplinary expert panel consisting of audiology specialists, a psychiatrist, a neurologist, and linguistics specialists will evaluate the item pool in terms of relevance, clarity, and representativeness of the Health Belief Model constructs. Based on expert feedback, the items will be revised and finalized.

The revised scale will be administered to patients diagnosed with vestibular migraine. Psychometric analyses will be conducted to evaluate the factor structure, validity, and reliability of the scale. These analyses will include content validity assessment, factor analysis, and internal consistency evaluation.

Following the scale development phase, an interventional component will be conducted to evaluate the applicability of the developed scale. Patients diagnosed with vestibular migraine will complete the scale at baseline. Subsequently, a single-session educational intervention focusing on vestibular migraine awareness and management will be provided. The intervention will aim to improve patients' health belief levels by addressing the six sub-dimensions of the Health Belief Model: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy.

After the intervention session, the scale will be administered again to assess changes in participants' health belief levels over time. In addition, the relationship between the developed vestibular migraine health belief scale and quality of life will be evaluated using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (WHOQOL-BREF).

Participant flow and study procedures will be reported according to the CONSORT 2010 flow diagram. Statistical analyses will be conducted using SmartPLS 3 and SPSS version 25.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 213
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey (Türkiye)
  • Kucukcekmece
    • Istanbul, Kucukcekmece, Turkey (Türkiye), 34295
      • Istanbul Aydın University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Child; Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients diagnosed with vestibular migraine
• Currently undergoing active treatment for vestibular migraine
• Literate and able to complete questionnaires
• Willing to participate and able to cooperate with study procedures

Exclusion Criteria:

• Presence of hearing loss
• History of systemic diseases unrelated to vestibular migraine
• Presence of otologic or neurological pathologies
• Inability to complete follow-up procedures
• Lack of cooperation with study procedures
• Presence of balance disorders other than vestibular migraine
• Presence of vertigo caused by conditions other than vestibular migraine

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Intervention / Treatment

Experimental: Vestibular Migraine Education Intervention; Participants diagnosed with vestibular migraine received a single-session educational and awareness intervention about vestibular migraine. The intervention aimed to improve health belief levels based on the six constructs of the Health Belief Model: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy. The Health Belief Model-based scale was administered before and after the intervention to evaluate changes in health belief levels.

Behavioral: Vestibular Migraine Education / Awareness Session; Participants diagnosed with vestibular migraine received a single-session educational and awareness intervention about vestibular migraine. The intervention aimed to improve patients' health beliefs based on the six constructs of the Health Belief Model: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in Vestibular Migraine Health Belief Scale Score	Assessment of change in the total score of the Health Belief Model Scale for Disability and Abilities in Vestibular Migraine Patients following a single-session educational intervention. The scale evaluates six constructs of the Health Belief Model: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy. The scale consists of Likert-type items scored from 1 to 5, where higher scores indicate stronger health belief levels regarding disability and abilities in vestibular migraine.	Immediately before the intervention and immediately after the intervention

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in Health Belief Model Sub-Dimension Scores	Assessment of changes in the six sub-dimensions of the Health Belief Model Scale for Disability and Abilities in Vestibular Migraine Patients, including: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, self-efficacy. Each sub-dimension is scored using Likert-type items ranging from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating stronger health belief levels.	Immediately before the intervention and immediately after the intervention.

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Psychometric Properties of the Vestibular Migraine Health Belief Scale	Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Health Belief Model Scale for Disability and Abilities in Vestibular Migraine Patients, including: exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency analysis (Cronbach's alpha). These analyses will be conducted to examine the construct validity and reliability of the scale.	Baseline assessment
Quality of Life in Vestibular Migraine Patients	Quality of life will be assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale - WHOQOL-BREF. The WHOQOL-BREF consists of four domains (physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment). Domain scores range from 0 to 100, where higher scores indicate better quality of life.	Baseline assessment.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Istanbul Aydın University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Lempert T, Olesen J, Furman J, Waterston J, Seemungal B, Carey J, Bisdorff A, Versino M, Evers S, Newman-Toker D. Vestibular migraine: diagnostic criteria. J Vestib Res. 2012;22(4):167-72. doi: 10.3233/VES-2012-0453.
• Mazarati A, Maroso M, Iori V, Vezzani A, Carli M. High-mobility group box-1 impairs memory in mice through both toll-like receptor 4 and Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products. Exp Neurol. 2011 Dec;232(2):143-8. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.08.012. Epub 2011 Aug 22.
• Williams G. Aromatase up-regulation, insulin and raised intracellular oestrogens in men, induce adiposity, metabolic syndrome and prostate disease, via aberrant ER-alpha and GPER signalling. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2012 Apr 4;351(2):269-78. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.12.017. Epub 2012 Jan 5.
• Dibbets P, Evers EA, Hurks PP, Bakker K, Jolles J. Differential brain activation patterns in adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) associated with task switching. Neuropsychology. 2010 Jul;24(4):413-23. doi: 10.1037/a0018997.
• Glanz K, Rimer BK, Viswanath K. Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice. 4th ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 2008.

Helpful Links

• Vestibular Migraine Diagnostic Criteria (ICHD-3)

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): December 1, 2024
• Primary Completion (Actual): January 28, 2026
• Study Completion (Actual): February 28, 2026

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 4, 2026
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 9, 2026
• First Posted (Actual): March 13, 2026

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 13, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 9, 2026
• Last Verified: March 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Validity; Reliability; Health Belief Model; Vestibular Migraine; Scale Development
• Other Study ID Numbers: IstanbulAU-SBF-MG-01

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO
• IPD Plan Description: Individual participant data will not be shared due to ethical and confidentiality considerations. The data contain sensitive personal health information, and sharing them publicly may compromise participant privacy. Only aggregated and anonymized results will be reported in scientific publications.

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No