Multimodal Intervention for Early Chronic Kidney Disease in Young People: Dysbiosis and Inflammation (CKD) (CKD)

March 17, 2026 updated by: Karla Valencia Perez Hernandez, Centenario Hospital Miguel Hidalgo

Multimodal Intervention and Its Association With Reduced Dysbiosis and Inflammation in Early Chronic Kidney Disease in Young People: a Prospective Study

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition associated with substantial morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Early detection and timely intervention are critical to modify disease trajectory, particularly in adolescents and young adults. Emerging evidence supports the role of the gut-kidney axis in CKD progression, whereby intestinal dysbiosis contributes to systemic inflammation and accumulation of microbiota-derived uremic toxins. This randomized controlled clinical trial aims to evaluate whether a multimodal intervention consisting of a controlled diet, structured exercise, and a symbiotic administered for 180 days improves uremic toxin burden, systemic inflammation, and early renal outcomes compared with standard care plus placebo.

Study Overview

Status

Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

This is a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial with repeated measurements and longitudinal follow-up. Participants aged 14-35 years with early-stage CKD, defined by persistent albuminuria despite preserved glomerular filtration, will be recruited through an institutional renal screening program in Aguascalientes, Mexico. The intervention targets the gut-kidney axis through sustained lifestyle modification and microbiota modulation. The primary mechanistic hypothesis is that reducing intestinal dysbiosis will decrease microbiota-derived uremic toxins and systemic inflammation, potentially attenuating early markers of renal disease progression.

Written informed consent will be obtained from participants aged 18 years or older. For participants under 18 years of age, written assent will be obtained along with informed consent from a parent or legal guardian.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

200

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Locations

  • Mexico
    • Aguascalientes
      • Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico, 20180
        • Instituto de atención Integral de Enfermedades Renales del Estado de Aguascalientes

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Persistent albuminuria (ACR >30 and <300 mg/g).
  • Estimated GFR >60 mL/min/1.73 m².
  • No identifiable secondary cause of kidney disease.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Hypoalbuminemia.
  • Nephrotic syndrome.
  • Persistent macroalbuminuria (ACR >300 mg/g).
  • Secondary or hereditary kidney disease.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Quadruple

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Multimodal Intervention
Participants will receive a controlled diet, a structured exercise program, and an oral symbiotic supplement administered once daily at a fixed dose for 180 days.
Dietary supplement: symbiotic
  1. Lifestyle interventions (diet + exercise)
  2. Microbiota modulation with probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotic
  3. It will be quantified using IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α for their role in the chronic inflammatory response associated with dysbiosis and accumulation of intestinal uremic metabolites described in CKD.
Placebo Comparator: Control
Participants will receive the same controlled diet and structured exercise program plus an oral placebo indistinguishable from the symbiotic, administered once daily for 180 days.
Other: Placebo
1. Lifestyle interventions (diet + exercise) 2. Their role in the chronic inflammatory response associated with dysbiosis and accumulation of intestinal uremic metabolites described in CKD will be quantified using IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. 3. placebo

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in gut-derived uremic toxin levels
Time Frame: 180 days
Change in gut-derived uremic toxin levels (including indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate), measured in serum, from baseline
180 days
Primary Outcome Measure:
Time Frame: 180 days.
Change in gut-derived uremic toxin levels (including indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate), measured in serum,
180 days.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Centenario Hospital Miguel Hidalgo

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Karla Valencia V Pérez Hernández, nutritionist, Centenario Hospital Miguel Hidalgo

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

  • 22. Wehedy, E., Shatat, I. F., & Al Khodor, S. (2022). The human microbiome in chronic kidney disease: A double-edged sword. Frontiers in Medicine, 8, 790783. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.790783
  • 21. Wakino, S., Hasegawa, K., Tamaki, M., Minato, M., & Inagaki, T. (2025). Kidney-gut axis in chronic kidney disease: Therapeutic perspectives from microbiota modulation and nutrition. Nutrients, 17(12), 1961. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17121961
  • 20. Voroneanu, L., Burlacu, A., Brinza, C., Covic, A., Balan, G. G., Nistor, I., Popa, C., Hogas, S., & Covic, A. (2023). Gut microbiota in chronic kidney disease: From composition to modulation towards better outcomes-A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(5), 1948. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12051948
  • 19. Swanson, K. S., Gibson, G. R., Hutkins, R., Reimer, R. A., Reid, G., Verbeke, K., Scott, K. P., Holscher, H. D., Azad, M. B., Delzenne, N. M., & Sanders, M. E. (2020). The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of synbiotics. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 17(11), 687-701. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41575-020-0344-2
  • 18. Rysz, J., Franczyk, B., Ławiński, J., & Gluba-Brzózka, A. (2021). The impact of CKD on uremic toxins and gut microbiota. Toxins, 13(4), 252. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13040252
  • 16. Obrero, T. (2025). Probiotic supplementation in chronic kidney disease: Current evidence and future directions. Toxins, 18(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins18010006 17. Pérez-Torres, A., Caverni-Muñoz, A., & González García, E. (2022). Mediterranean diet and chronic kidney disease (CKD): A practical approach. Nutrients, 15(1), 97. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15010097
  • 15. Noce, A., Marrone, G., Wilson Jones, G., Di Lauro, M., Pietroboni Zaitseva, A., Ramadori, L., Celotto, R., Mitterhofer, A. P., & Di Daniele, N. (2022). Link between gut microbiota dysbiosis and chronic kidney disease. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 26(6), 2057-2074. https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202203_28354
  • 14. Neale, E. P., Rosario, V. D., Probst, Y., Beck, E., Tran, T. B., & Lambert, K. (2023). Lifestyle interventions, kidney disease progression, and quality of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Kidney Medicine, 5(6), 100643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xkme.2023.100643
  • 13. Mitrović, M., Stanković-Popović, V., Tolinački, M., Golić, N., Soković Bajić, S., Veljović, K., Nastasijević, B., Soldatović, I., Svorcan, P., & Dimković, N. (2023). The impact of synbiotic treatment on the levels of gut-derived uremic toxins, inflammation, and gut microbiome of chronic kidney disease patients: A randomized trial. Journal of Renal Nutrition, 33(2), 278-288. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jrn.2022.07.008
  • 12. Liu, C., Wang, Y., Lin, J., et al. (2022). Effects of microbiota-driven therapy on circulating indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate in chronic kidney disease: A systematic review. Toxins, 14(3), 189.
  • 11. Liu, C., Yang, L., Wei, W., & Fu, P. (2024). Efficacy of probiotics/synbiotics supplementation in patients with chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Frontiers in Nutrition, 11, 1434613. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1434613
  • 10. Levin, A., Stevens, P. E., Bilous, R. W., et al. (2024). Executive summary of the KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney International, 105(4), 684-701.
  • 9. Kwon, Y.-J., Joo, Y. S., Yun, H.-R., Lim, L. R., Yang, J., Lee, H. S., Kim, H.-M., Lee, H., Lee, J. E., & Lee, J.-W. (2024). Safety and impact of the Mediterranean diet in patients with chronic kidney disease: A pilot randomized crossover trial. Frontiers in Nutrition, 11, 1463502. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1463502
  • 8. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. (2024). KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney International, 105(4S), S117-S314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2023.10.018
  • 6. Holle, J., & Bartolomaeus, H. (2025). Gut-derived metabolites as treatment targets in chronic kidney disease-an avenue toward personalized medicine. Pediatric Nephrology, 40(5), 1505-1510. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-024-06609-w
  • 5. Duan, S., Pi, J., Wang, C.-H., et al. (2022). Assessment of ELISA-based method for the routine examination of serum indoxyl sulfate in patients with chronic kidney disease. Heliyon, 8(12), e12220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12220
  • 4. Chen, C., Zeng, Y., Zhu, J., et al. (2023). Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics for patients on dialysis: A meta-analysis. Seminars in Dialysis, 36(1), 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1111/sdi.13139
  • 3. Cedillo-Flores, R., et al. (2025). Impact of gut microbiome modulation on uremic toxin reduction in CKD: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Kidney Medicine, 7(1), 100926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xkme.2024.100926
  • 2. Battaglia, Y., Baciga, F., Bulighin, F., Amicone, M., Mosconi, G., Storari, A., Brugnano, R., Pozzato, M., Motta, D., D'Alessandro, C., Torino, C., Mallamaci, F., Cupisti, A., Aucella, F., Capitanini, A., & Working Group of Physical Exercise of Italian Society of Nephrology. (2024). Physical activity and exercise in chronic kidney disease: Consensus statements from the Physical Exercise Working Group of the Italian Society of Nephrology. Journal of Nephrology, 37(7), 1735-1765. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40620-024-02049-9
  • 1. Alobaidi, S. (2025). The gut-kidney axis in chronic kidney disease: Mechanisms, microbial metabolites, and microbiome-targeted therapeutics. Frontiers in Medicine, 12, 1675458. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2025.1675458

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

April 25, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

August 1, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

November 3, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

February 26, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 17, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

March 19, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

March 19, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 17, 2026

Last Verified

March 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • INAER-Nutri01

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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