Effectiveness of D'Antibiotika Academy Board Game for Dental Education

March 18, 2026 updated by: Rezon Yanuar, Indonesia University

Evaluating the Effectiveness of D'Antibiotika Academy Board Game on Antibiotics and Bacteria Knowledge: A Randomized Crossover Study Among Dental Students

The goal of this clinical trial study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a board game-based serious game as a learning strategy to improve knowledge and study motivation on antibiotics and bacteria topics in undergraduate dental students at Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia.

The main questions it aims to answer are:

  • Does the "D'Antibiotika Academy" board game lead to higher post-test scores compared to traditional handout-based learning?
  • Does the board game improve students' study motivation on antibiotics and bacteria topic?

Researchers will compare the board game intervention group to the traditional handout (control) group to see if the game-based approach provides superior learning outcomes and higher student engagement.

Participants will:

  • Complete a pre-test to measure their baseline knowledge of bacteria and antibiotics.
  • Participate in a learning session using either the "D'Antibiotika Academy" board game or a conventional handout.
  • Complete a post-test 1 and post-test 2 immediately after the session to measure immediate knowledge gain.
  • Switch groups (crossover) after a washout period to ensure all participants experience both methods.
  • Complete a study motivation questionnaire after the completion of the sessions.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Study Design and Setting:

This study was a single-blind crossover randomized controlled trial conducted at Universitas Indonesia from September to December 2025. The participants (n=101) were undergraduate dental students from the Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia. Participants were stratified by academic year and then assigned to either the HO-BG (Handout then Board Game) or BG-HO (Board Game then Handout) group using stratified random sampling. Ethical approval was secured from the Dental Research Ethics Committee, Universitas Indonesia (54/Ethical Approval/FKGUI.IX/2025).

Interventions:

The study compared two learning media with identical content regarding antibiotic classification, mechanisms of action, resistance, selection, bacterial classification, and quorum sensing:

  • Board Game (D'Antibiotika Academy): An interactive game played in groups of 4-5 students.
  • Handout: A digital text-based learning material for independent study.

Study Protocol:

  • Baseline: All participants completed a pre-test to establish baseline knowledge.
  • Phase 1: The HO-BG group studied via handout independently, while the BG-HO group played the board game in a supervised two-hour session at the Health Sciences Cluster Building. Phase 1 concluded with Post-test 1.
  • Washout Period: A one-week washout period was implemented to minimize carryover effects.
  • Phase 2 (Crossover): The groups switched interventions. The HO-BG group played the board game, and the BG-HO group accessed the handout. After one week, all participants completed Post-test 2.

Assessment Tools:

  • Knowledge Test: 40 shuffled multiple-choice questions (20 questions for antibiotic topic and 20 questions for bacteria topic) administered via Google Forms (Max score: 100).
  • Motivation Questionnaire: At the study's conclusion, participants completed the Instructional Materials Motivational Survey (IMMS) based on the ARCS Model (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction). Each participant evaluated both the board game and handout methods.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

101

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Indonesia
    • Jakarta Special Capital Region
      • Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta Special Capital Region, Indonesia, 10430
        • Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Indonesia

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Undergraduate dental students at the Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, from the class of 2022, 2023, and 2025.
  • Students who demonstrate a clear understanding of the study's explanation provided by the researchers and are willing to participate by signing the informed consent form.
  • Students who are committed to participating in all research sessions and procedures until completion

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Students who are unable to participate in the entire research sequence from beginning to end.
  • Students who withdraw their participation at any point during the study period.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: HO-BG Group (Handout then Board Game)
Participants in this arm are provided with a digital text-based Handout-based learning during intervention phase 1 followed by board game learning during intervention phase 1
Other: D'Antibiotika Academy Board Game
A serious board game designed for dental students to learn about antibiotic classification, mechanisms of action, resistance, and bacterial classification. The intervention is delivered in a 120-minute in two sessions supervised interactive group session.
Other: Handout
A digital text-based learning material containing identical scientific content to the D'Antibiotika Academy board game. Participants access and study the material independently
Experimental: BG-HO Group (Board Game then Handout)
Participants in this arm are provided with a Board game learning during intervention phase 1, followed by handout-based learning during intervention phase 2
Other: D'Antibiotika Academy Board Game
A serious board game designed for dental students to learn about antibiotic classification, mechanisms of action, resistance, and bacterial classification. The intervention is delivered in a 120-minute in two sessions supervised interactive group session.
Other: Handout
A digital text-based learning material containing identical scientific content to the D'Antibiotika Academy board game. Participants access and study the material independently

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Knowledge Score
Time Frame: -) [Day 1] baseline (pre-test) -) [Days 2-3] Intervention phase 1 (2 days), followed by Post-test 1 -) [Days 4-10] Washout periods (up to 7 days) -) [Days 11-12] Intervention Phase 2 (2 days), followed by Post-test 2
A knowledge assessment consisting of 40 multiple-choice questions, with 20 questions dedicated to antibiotic topics and 20 questions to bacterial topics. The maximum score is 100, where higher scores indicate better knowledge acquisition. This assessment was used on Pre-Test, Post-Test 1 and Post-Test 2.
-) [Day 1] baseline (pre-test) -) [Days 2-3] Intervention phase 1 (2 days), followed by Post-test 1 -) [Days 4-10] Washout periods (up to 7 days) -) [Days 11-12] Intervention Phase 2 (2 days), followed by Post-test 2

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Learning Motivation Score (IMMS Questionnaire)
Time Frame: at study completion (Days 12-14)
Evaluation of student motivation using the Instructional Materials Motivational Survey (IMMS) based on the ARCS Model (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction). The survey uses a 5-point Likert scale, where higher scores represent higher levels of motivation toward the learning method. The questionnaire is administered to evaluate both the handout and the board game interventions. The questionnaire is administered once upon completion of all study sessions.
at study completion (Days 12-14)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Indonesia University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

September 9, 2025

Primary Completion (Actual)

November 20, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

December 8, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

March 13, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 18, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

March 20, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

March 20, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 18, 2026

Last Verified

March 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 54/Ethical Appr/FKGUI/IX/2025

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

Individual participant data will not be shared because the dataset contains identifiable educational records of students and institutional policies restrict public data sharing.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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