Italian Validation of the dNA Scale and Its Correlation With Neurocognitive Variables

Italian Validation of the Dynamic Neurocognitive Adaptation (dNA) Scale and Its Correlation With Neurocognitive Variables

The goal of this experimental multicentric intervention study is to validate, in Italian, the dynamic Neurocognitive Adaptation (dNA) Scale, which has already been validated in English, among a healthy elderly population (aged 65 and older) residing in Italy and patients with dementia or Alzheimer's Disease. dNA is a questionnaire designed to assess both current and past levels of engagement in physical, cognitive, creative, and social activities.

The study aims to recruit a total of 265 participants with mild cognitive impairment, subjective memory complaints, or dementia. These participants will be distributed among the 8 recruitment centers. Neuropsychological data, subjective measures, and MRI data will be collected and analyzed to address the following research questions: 1) Is there a positive correlation between scores on the dNA Scale and cognitive efficiency, as reflected in neuropsychological measures, such as episodic memory and executive functions? 2) Is there a correlation between dNA scores and improved functional connectivity within neural networks, such as the Default Network (DN)?

Participants recruited at the participating clinical centers will undergo:

• A clinical interview, during which demographic and medical history information will be collected. The dNA Scale will be administered, along with a questionnaire assessing adherence to dietary habits typical of a Mediterranean diet (14-Item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener; MEDAS).
• A neuropsychological assessment, aimed at evaluating general cognitive function with a particular focus on episodic memory and executive functions. The following tests will be administered: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) or, alternatively, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA); Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT); Trial Making Test (TMT) Form B; Digit Span Forward and Backward (WAIS or WAIS-III); and the Stroop Test.
• Self-report questionnaires designed to assess depressive symptoms using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and anxiety symptoms using the Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS) (or alternatively the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI). Finally, the Cognitive Reserve Index Questionnaire will be administered to estimate Cognitive Reserve (CRIq).
• Where available, MRI data previously acquired for clinical or diagnostic purposes will be included in the study and analyzed by the principal investigator.

Study Overview

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Conditions: Dementia; Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI); Aging; Subjective Memory Complaints; Dementia Alzheimer Type; Probable Alzheimer's Disease; Active Aging Individuals Aged 65 and Over

Detailed Description

This study aims to validate the instrument known as the dynamic Neurocognitive Adaptation Scale (dNA), derived from the identical scale previously validated in English on a sample of 815 subjects residing in the United States. All the clinical centers involved will recruit approximately 265 subjects, administer the aforementioned scale, and collect demographic and medical history information. This information will be necessary and sufficient for the first part (Stage #1) of the instrument's validation. Actually, according to the literature, the number of participants required to validate a scale with 20 items- which has already been validated in another language-is approximately 250 participants. Other studies suggest a minimum of 200 subjects to test cross-cultural consistency and reliability. The dNA scale, already validated in English, reports a KM O index greater than .80 (i.e., good), a specific index (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) for confirming the appropriateness of the sample. Specifically, for the CFA, this sample size calculation accounts for the need to detect a medium effect size, expressed in terms of Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA), with an expected value of 0.05, a statistical power (1-β) of 0.80, and a significance level α of 0.05. Taking potential dropouts into account, approximately 265 subjects will be recruited to ensure the minimum sample size required for statistical power, and this number will be verified experimentally during the validation phase using the KMO index.

Each of the 8 participating centers, depending on their recruitment capacity, will enroll approximately at least 30 participants. The majority of the final sample (i.e., 265 participants) will consist of healthy older adults (HC), while a smaller percentage will include subjects with subjective memory complaints (SMC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or Alzheimer's disease (AD).

The first phase (Stage #1) will be followed by a second part (Stage #2) focused on exploring the correlation between the dNA score and neuropsychological variables (particularly those related to memory and executive functions), with the aim of investigating a measure of adaptation that is primarily cognitive in nature. This adaptation will provide a measure of cognitive efficiency, commonly referred to in the literature as cognitive reserve or resilience. In this phase, adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet (i.e., the Mediterranean diet, assessed via a specific questionnaire) will also be explored as a protective factor against general inflammatory processes and cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

During the third phase (Stage #3), a measure of neural adaptation will be explored, collecting data on neural efficiency. In the literature, this is a form of resilience or adaptation often described as neural reserve. This component will be explored using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Demographic information, medical history, dietary habits, and neuropsychological data collected by the participating centers will be compiled and managed at the Universities of Chieti and Foggia, under the coordination and responsibility of Professor Michela Balsamo (CH) and Professor Leonardo Carlucci (FG), respectively, both of whom have established expertise in statistics and psychometrics, particularly in the validation of instruments within the field of psychology. The two universities will carry out the data analysis phase aimed at validating the scale (Stage #1), also accounting for key demographic variables (age, sex, education level).

For the primary analyses, principal component analysis (PCA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) will be conducted to identify the underlying structure of the dNA instrument and determine the number of components, forming the basis for a subsequent confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in the validation sample. Descriptive statistics will be used to characterize the study sample. Prior to EFA, sample adequacy (KMO) and variance homogeneity (Bartlett's test) will be assessed, while internal consistency will be evaluated using Cronbach's alpha and inter-item correlations. CFA will be performed using a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach with maximum likelihood estimation to test the hypothesized factor structure. Model fit indices will be calculated, including chi-square (p-value > 0.05), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA; cutoff ≤ 0.06), normed fit index (NFI), comparative fit index (CFI; cutoff ≥ 0.90), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI; cut-off ≥ 0.95), and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR; cut-off ≤ 0.08). Finally, the coefficient of determination (R²) will be calculated to assess the proportion of variance explained between factors.

Subsequently, during the second phase (Stage #2), dNA scale scores will be analyzed in relation to the aforementioned dietary habits and neuropsychological variables, particularly memory and executive functions. Correlation analyses will be conducted across the scale domains (cognitive, physical, creative, and social) using distance correlations. The domains will also be examined across the seven time periods considered in the dNA scale (i.e., childhood, adolescence, young adulthood, adulthood, midlife, senior age, and old age) using repeated-measures ANOVA (RM-ANOVA) with Greenhouse-Geisser sphericity corrections. Within-subject effects of time, as well as interactions between time, gender, and education level, will be assessed. Planned contrasts will be conducted within domains for specific pairwise time comparisons and significant interactions, followed by post hoc comparisons using the Bonferroni-Holm correction. Additionally, correlations between the scale and adherence to a Mediterranean diet, as well as performance on cognitive tests assessing memory and executive functions, will be evaluated. Moderation analyses will test whether higher dNA scores may moderate negative effects on neuropsychological outcomes (i.e., lower scores in memory and executive functions) and neurophysiological measures (i.e., poor anticorrelation between the default mode network and task-positive networks such as DAN/FPCN).

All participating clinical centers will collect demographic, medical history, dietary habit, neuropsychological, and, where available, imaging data (MRI, fMRI). These data will be used in the third phase (Stage #3), which will be focused on identifying the neural correlates of adaptation (i.e., neural efficiency) during aging. Imaging data collected by the participating clinical centers will be transferred to the University of Padua, which will oversee data receipt and analysis under the coordination and responsibility of Dr. Marco Marino, whose research focuses on the neural substrates underlying neurocognitive adaptation during aging.

In this phase, both structural (e.g., volumetric and cortical thickness) and functional (e.g., resting-state fMRI) analyses will be performed. Regions of interest (ROIs) will be defined based on prior literature and mapped from standard (MNI) space to individual brain space. Spherical ROIs will be created, and their activity will be summarized using principal component analysis. Functional connectivity maps will be generated by correlating ROI time series with whole-brain activity and then normalized to MNI space for group-level analyses, with statistical significance corrected for multiple comparisons (FDR). Graph theory analysis will be applied to the functional network generated with AAL Atlas (Tzourio-Mazoyer et al., 2002) using the GRETNA software (Wang et al., 2015). Five global indices derived from the graph analysis will be analyzed and correlated with the results of the dNA scale. The effects of diagnosis and functional connectivity on cognitive outcomes (memory scores and other neuropsychological tests) will be examined using ANCOVA and regression models, including interaction effects and group-specific analyses. Additional regression analyses will assess differences in the relationship between cognitive performance and connectivity metrics. Age, handedness, and education will be included as covariates. This phase will receive scientific support from the University of Leuven (Dr. Dante Mantini) and the Cleveland Clinic (Dr. Filippo Cieri); however, these institutions and their respective researchers will not have access to the data.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Estimated): 265

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Luana Dr Gilio; Phone Number: +393404757480; Email: gilio.luana@gmail.com
• Study Contact Backup: Name: Direzione Scientifica IRCCS Neuromed; Phone Number: +390865915217; Email: direzionescientifica@neuromed.it

Study Locations

• Italy
  • BS
    • Brescia, BS, Italy, 25125
      • IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli
      • Contact: Cristina Dr Festari; Phone Number: +39 030 3501335; Email: cfestari@fatebenefratelli.eu
      • Contact: Michela Dr Pievani; Email: mpievani@fatebenefratelli.eu
      • Principal Investigator: Cristina Festari
      • Sub-Investigator: Michela Pievani
      • Sub-Investigator: Claudio Singh Solorzano
  • GE
    • Genova, GE, Italy, 16132
      • IRCCS San Martino
      • Contact: Antonio Dr Uccelli; Phone Number: +390105558722; Email: direzione.scientifica@hsanmartino.it
      • Contact: Matteo Dr Pardini; Email: matteo.pardini@gmail.com
      • Principal Investigator: Antonio Uccelli
      • Sub-Investigator: Matteo Pardini
  • IS
    • Pozzilli, IS, Italy, 86077
      • IRCCS Neuromed - Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo
      • Contact: Luana Dr Gilio; Phone Number: +393404757480; Email: gilio.luana@gmail.com
      • Contact: Direzione Scientifica IRCCS Neuromed; Phone Number: +390865915217; Email: direzionescientifica@neuromed.it
      • Principal Investigator: Luana Gilio
      • Sub-Investigator: Giovanni Galifi
      • Sub-Investigator: Vanessa Pipino
  • Michigan
    • Milan, Michigan, Italy, 20132
      • IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele
      • Principal Investigator: Massimo Filippi
      • Contact: Massimo Dr Filippi; Phone Number: +390226433958; Email: filippi.massimo@hsr.it
      • Contact: Federica Dr Agosta; Email: agosta.federica@hsr.it
      • Sub-Investigator: Federica Agosta
      • Sub-Investigator: Elisa Canu
    • Milan, Michigan, Italy, 20133
      • IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta
      • Contact: Giuseppe Dr Lauria-Pinter; Phone Number: +390223942243; Email: giuseppe.lauriapinter@istituto-besta.it
      • Contact: Monica Dr Consonni; Phone Number: +390223942366; Email: monica.consonni@istituto-besta.it
      • Principal Investigator: Giuseppe Lauria-Pinter
      • Sub-Investigator: Monica Consonni
  • PV
    • Pavia, PV, Italy, 27100
      • IRCCS Fondazione Mondino
      • Contact: Alfredo Dr Costa; Phone Number: +390382380343; Email: alfredo.costa@unipv.it
      • Contact: Valentino Dr De Franco; Email: valentino.defranco@mondino.it
      • Principal Investigator: Alfredo Costa
      • Sub-Investigator: Valentino De Franco
  • RM
    • Roma, RM, Italy, 00128
      • IRCCS Campus Bio-Medico
      • Contact: Vincenzo Dr Di Lazzaro; Phone Number: +39 06 22541 1220; Email: v.dilazzaro@policlinicocampus.it
      • Contact: Francesco Dr Motolese; Phone Number: +39 06 22541 1447; Email: f.motolese@policlinicocampus.it
      • Principal Investigator: Vincenzo Di Lazzaro
      • Sub-Investigator: Francesco Motolese
  • VE
    • Venezia, VE, Italy, 30126
      • IRCCS Ospedale San Camillo
      • Contact: Giorgio Dr Arcara; Phone Number: +390412207594; Email: giorgio.arcara@hsancamillo.it
      • Contact: Rachele Dr Pezzetta; Email: rachele.pezzetta@hsancamillo.it
      • Principal Investigator: Giorgio Arcara
      • Sub-Investigator: Rachele Pezzetta
      • Sub-Investigator: Cristina Scarpazza

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Each of the 8 participating centers will enroll approximately at least 30 participants, specifically:

• IRCCS Campus Biomedico (RM): HC, AD, MCI, SMC (approximately 5 HC, 15 patients);
• IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli (BS): HC, SMC (approximately 20 HC, 10 patients);
• IRCCS Fondazione Mondino (PV): HC, AD, MCI, SMC (approximately 10 HC, 40 patients);
• IRCCS "Carlo Besta" Neurological Institute (MI): HC, MCI (approximately 15 HC, 15 patients);
• IRCCS Neuromed (IS): HC, AD, MCI, SMC (approximately 10 HC, 20 patients);
• IRCCS San Camillo Hospital (VE): HC (approximately 30 HC);
• IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital (MI): HC, AD, MCI, SMC (approximately 10 HC, 20 patients);
• IRCCS San Martino (GE): HC, AD, MCI, SMC (approximately 10 HC, 25 patients).

Description

Inclusion Criteria (Stage #1):

• Individuals aged ≥ 65 years residing in Italy;
• Cognitively healthy individuals (HC);
• Individuals with subjective memory complaints (SMC);
• Individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI);
• Individuals with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Inclusion criteria (Stage #2 & Stage #3):

• Individuals aged ≥ 65 years residing in Italy;
• Cognitively healthy individuals (HC);
• Individuals with subjective memory complaints (SMC);
• Individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI);
• Individuals with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD);
• Individuals with Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia;
• Individuals suffering from mental disorders clinically diagnosed.

Cognitively healthy individuals (HC):

• MMSE score ≥24, or alternatively MoCA score ≥26;
• No diagnosis of depression, MCI or any form of dementia;
• Episodic memory performance within the normal range (Wechsler Memory Scale Logical Memory II ≥9 for 16 years of schooling or more; ≥5 for 8-15 years of schooling, ≥3 for 0-7 years of schooling; or alternatively for Prose Memory Test with scores ≥9 for ≥16 years of schooling → ≥5 items in immediate or delayed recall; ≥5 for 8-15 years of schooling → ≥3-4 items in immediate or delayed recall; ≥3 for 0-7 years of schooling → ≥2 items in immediate or delayed recall)

Individuals with Subjective Memory Complaints (SMC):

• MMSE score ≥24, or alternatively MoCA score ≥26;
• A significant memory impairment, reported by the subject, a family member, or the clinician;
• No diagnosis of depression, MCI or any form of dementia;
• Episodic memory performance within the normal range on the Wechsler Memory Scale Logical Memory II adjusted for years of schooling (≥9 for 16+ years of schooling, ≥5 for 8-15 years of schooling, ≥3 for 0-7 years of schooling) or, alternatively, on the Prose Memory Test (with scores ≥9 for ≥16 years of schooling → ≥5 items in immediate or delayed recall; ≥5 for 8-15 years of schooling → ≥3-4 items in immediate or delayed recall; ≥3 for 0-7 years of schooling → ≥2 items in immediate or delayed recall)

Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI):

• MMSE score between 19 and 23 inclusive (alternatively MoCA);
• A decline in memory reported by the subject, a family member, or the clinician;
• No diagnosis of depression or affected by any form of dementia, with preserved ability in activities of daily living;
• Objective episodic memory loss on the Wechsler Memory Scale Logical Memory II adjusted for years of schooling.

Individuals with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD):

• Insidious onset with atypical course: some criteria for probable AD are met, but the onset of symptoms may have been sudden, or there is a lack of objective evidence of progressive cognitive decline;
• Mixed etiology presentation: All criteria for probable AD are met, with concomitant cerebrovascular disorders, or the presence of features typical of another dementia or the evidence of other neurological disorders or non-neurological comorbidities;
• A decline in performance compared to the previous level of functioning is evident, as also described by a caregiver (often a family member)
• Onset with memory disturbances, defined as difficulty learning new information or recalling it;
• Onset with non-mnemonic symptoms (language symptoms, particularly difficulty finding the correct words; visuospatial symptoms: perceptual deficits characterized by failure to recognize objects, people, or written words; executive symptoms: difficulties with reasoning and critical thinking);
• MMSE score < 23 (alternatively MoCA < 25);
• Objective episodic memory loss on the Wechsler Memory Scale Logical Memory II adjusted for years of schooling.

Exclusion criteria (Stage #1):

• Individuals aged < 65 years;
• Individuals not residing in Italy;
• Individuals with depression or other psychiatric disorders;
• Individuals with forms of dementia other than Alzheimer's disease.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

4

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
HC; Healthy older adults (HC) aged ≥ 65 years residing in Italy. No diagnosis of depression, mild cognitive impairment or any form of dementia.
SMC; Older adults with subjective memory complaints (SMC) aged ≥65 years, residing in Italy, who report or perceive subjective memory decline. This subjective memory complaint may occur with or without objective evidence of memory impairment and may be reported by the individual, a family member, or a clinician. Individuals with SMC should be excluded if they have a diagnosis of depression, mild cognitive impairment, or any form of dementia.
MCI; Older adults diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), aged ≥65 years and residing in Italy, characterized by subjective cognitive decline (reported by the individual, a family member, or a clinician), objective cognitive impairment (as assessed by the Wechsler Memory Scale Logical Memory II), and relatively preserved activities of daily living. Individuals with MCI should be excluded if they have a diagnosis of depression or any form of dementia.
AD; Older adults diagnosed with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD), aged ≥65 years, residing in Italy. Individuals with probable AD exhibit a decline in performance compared to their previous level of functioning, as reported by a caregiver (often a family member), along with objective evidence of episodic memory impairment on the Wechsler Memory Scale Logical Memory II.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Italian Validation and Factor Structure of the dynamic Neurocognitive Adaptation Scale (dNA)	The primary outcome of this study is the successful Italian validation of the dNA scale. Specifically, investigators expect to replicate the results of the English-language version (Cieri et al., accepted), with a four-factor structure, no multicollinearity (r < 0.95) or insufficient common variance (r < 0.3), satisfactory Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) indices (>0.70), significant Bartlett's sphericity test (<0.01), and high internal consistency as indicated by Cronbach's alpha (>0.80).	From enrollment until the completion of dNA scale administration at the time of enrollment.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Association Between dNA scale and Structural and Functional Brain Organization	This outcome measure evaluates the relationship between dNA scale scores and functional brain network activity and organization derived from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Within diagnostic groups (SMC, MCI, AD), higher scores on the dNA scale are hypothesized to be associated with increased activation and greater functional segregation within the task-negative network (default network, DN), alongside greater deactivation in task-positive networks, including the dorsal attention network (DAN) and the frontoparietal control network (FPCN). Functional connectivity analyses will be used to quantify both within-network segregation and between-network integration. These neuroimaging-derived metrics will be statistically associated with dNA scale scores using appropriate regression models within each diagnostic group.	From enrollment until the completion of dNA scale administration and the neuroimaging acquisition. Structural MRI and functional MRI will be conducted at baseline if not already available from the participant registry.
Association Between Activity Engagement, Temporal Maintenance, and Educational Attainment	Investigators expect that greater engagement in the activities under investigation, as well as their dynamic maintenance over time, reflected in higher dNA scale scores, will be positively associated with higher educational attainment.	From enrollment until the completion of dNA scale administration and demographic assessment at the time of enrollment.
Association Between dNA scale and Neuropsychological Measures	Investigators expect that higher dNA scale scores will be positively associated with better neuropsychological performance, particularly in episodic memory and executive function domains. Specifically, cognitive performance will be assessed using a standardized battery, including the MMSE (or MoCA) for global cognition, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) for verbal long-term memory, Trial Making Test (TMT) Form B for executive functioning, Digits Forward and Backward subtests (WAIS or WAIS-III) for working memory, Wechsler Memory Scale Logical Memory II (or Prose Memory), and Stroop Test for cognitive inhibition and information processing speed. These measures will provide both an overall cognitive assessment and domain-specific outcomes, which will be further explored for their expected association with the dNA scale scores.	From enrollment until the completion of dNA scale administration and the neuropsychological assessment.

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Association Between dNA scale and Biomarkers of Pathological Aging	This additional outcome measure will evaluate the relationship between dNA scale scores and previously collected biomarkers, contingent upon data availability. Indeed, participating centers that have the capability may also retrieve information from the participant's medical record regarding biomarkers of pathological aging (e.g., APoE). Potential association between dNA scale scores and previously collected biomarkers will be further explored, within the healthy elderly sample and each diagnostic group (SMC, MCI, AD).	From enrollment until the completion of dNA scale administration and retrieval of relevant information from the participant's medical record.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Neuromed IRCCS
• Collaborators: University of Padova; Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta; IRCCS San Camillo, Venezia, Italy; IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS National Neurological Institute "C. Mondino" Foundation; Università degli Studi 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti e Pescara; University of Foggia; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele; Campus Biomedico - Roma; Istituto ricerca carattere Scientifico Fatebenefratelli Brescia
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Luana Dr Gilio, Neuromed IRCCS

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Tzourio-Mazoyer N, Landeau B, Papathanassiou D, Crivello F, Etard O, Delcroix N, Mazoyer B, Joliot M. Automated anatomical labeling of activations in SPM using a macroscopic anatomical parcellation of the MNI MRI single-subject brain. Neuroimage. 2002 Jan;15(1):273-89. doi: 10.1006/nimg.2001.0978.
• Wang J, Wang X, Xia M, Liao X, Evans A, He Y. GRETNA: a graph theoretical network analysis toolbox for imaging connectomics. Front Hum Neurosci. 2015 Jun 30;9:386. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00386. eCollection 2015.
• Cieri F, Di Francesco G, Cross CL, Bender A, Caldwell JZK. Dynamic neurocognitive adaptation in aging: Development and validation of a new scale. Alzheimers Dement (N Y). 2025 Jan 20;11(1):e70049. doi: 10.1002/trc2.70049. eCollection 2025 Jan-Mar.
• White M. Sample size in quantitative instrument validation studies: A systematic review of articles published in Scopus, 2021. Heliyon. 2022 Dec 12;8(12):e12223. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12223. eCollection 2022 Dec.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Estimated): April 1, 2026
• Primary Completion (Estimated): November 27, 2027
• Study Completion (Estimated): November 27, 2027

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 9, 2026
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 9, 2026
• First Posted (Actual): April 16, 2026

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): May 11, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 6, 2026
• Last Verified: May 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: prevention; well-being; aging; neurocognitive; resilience; validation; resistance; adaptation; dynamic; reserve; habits; activities; lifetime protective factors
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Brain Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Mental Disorders; Neurocognitive Disorders; Cognition Disorders; Tauopathies; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Behavior; Cognitive Dysfunction; Alzheimer Disease; Dementia; Motor Activity; Habits
• Other Study ID Numbers: Unit of Neurology_dNA

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No