Lullabies and the Effectiveness of White Noise in Breastfeeding

April 12, 2026 updated by: ESMA KIR, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University

The Effects of Lullabies and White Noise on Breastfeeding Success in Newborns: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: The study aims to examine the effect of lullabies and white noise on breastfeeding success in newborns.

Method: The study was conducted using a randomized controlled experimental design. The sample size, determined based on power analysis, consisted of 160 newborns, and participants were divided into four groups (female voice lullaby=40, male voice lullaby=40, white noise=40, control=40). Infants in the experimental groups were exposed to the relevant auditory stimulus during breastfeeding, while no intervention was made in the control group. Data were collected using the mother and newborn information form and the LATCH Breastfeeding Assessment Scale.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

160

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Tokat Province
      • Tokat Province, Tokat Province, Turkey (Türkiye)
        • Tokat State Hospital

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

Gestational age between 38 and 42 weeks Birth weight between 2,500 and 4,000 grams Apgar scores of 8 or higher at 1 and 5 minutes No anatomical, physiological, congenital, or auditory anomalies No family history of childhood hearing loss Healthy newborns for whom parental consent was obtained

Exclusion Criteria:

Preterm or post-term newborns (gestational age <37 weeks or >42 weeks) Newborns with congenital anomalies or health problems Mothers with hearing impairment Mothers with communication barriers

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
No Intervention: Control Group:
Control Group: No auditory stimulus was applied. Mothers and newborns were observed under natural conditions with appropriate breastfeeding positioning.
Experimental: Female Lullaby Group:
Female Lullaby Group: Female lullaby (Mircan Kaya - Çamlıbelden Çıktım Yayan) was played at 55 dB during the first 15 minutes of breastfeeding.
Other: A Woman's Voice Lullaby
Mircan Kaya - The lullaby "I Set Out on Foot from Çamlıbel" was played at a sound level of 55 dB during the first 15 minutes of breastfeeding.
Experimental: Male Lullaby Group:
Male Lullaby Group: Male lullaby (Kadim Tekin - Çamlıbelden Çıktım Yayan) was played at 55 dB during the first 15 minutes of breastfeeding.
Other: A man's voice singing a lullaby
Kadim Tekin - "I Set Out on Foot from Çamlıbel" lullaby was played at a sound level of 55 dB during the first 15 minutes of breastfeeding.
Experimental: White Noise Group:
White Noise Group: White noise (Orhan Osman - Bebeğiniz Ağlamasın 2) was played at 55 dB during the first 15 minutes of breastfeeding.
Other: White Noise
Orhan Osman - Don't Let Your Baby Cry: Two white noise recordings were played at a sound level of 55 dB during the first 15 minutes of breastfeeding.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
LATCH Breastfeeding Assessment Scale Score
Time Frame: Within the first 15 minutes of breastfeeding during the first 24 hours after birth
The LATCH scale consists of five subcategories: L (Latching-on), A (Audible swallowing), T (Type of nipple), C (Comfort), and H (Help). Each subcategory is scored on a scale of 0 to 2. The total score ranges from 0 to 10, with a higher score indicating better breastfeeding success.
Within the first 15 minutes of breastfeeding during the first 24 hours after birth
LATCH Breastfeeding Assessment Tool Score
Time Frame: Within the first 15 minutes of breastfeeding at 24 hours postpartum
The LATCH scale consists of 5 components (Latching-on, Audible swallowing, Type of nipple, Comfort, Help) each scored 0-2. Total score ranges from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating better breastfeeding success.
Within the first 15 minutes of breastfeeding at 24 hours postpartum

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

December 1, 2018

Primary Completion (Actual)

February 1, 2019

Study Completion (Actual)

July 1, 2019

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

March 14, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

April 12, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

April 17, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

April 17, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

April 12, 2026

Last Verified

April 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 2018/10-01

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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