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Campus Life Study: Harnessing Generativity Among Young Adults

10. února 2020 aktualizováno: Marcie D. Haydon, MA, CPhil, University of California, Los Angeles

The Effects of Prosocial Writing on Psychological Well-being: A Randomized Controlled Trial Among Young Adults

Recent research suggests that short, online interventions can enhance well-being, which is beneficial to both physical and mental health outcomes. Further, growing evidence suggests that prosocial behavior-a behavior that can be reliably manipulated through a short online intervention-may have beneficial effects on well-being and physical health. Giving support to others appears to be just as beneficial as receiving support, and asking people to perform kind acts for others over the course of several weeks, for example, has been shown to both increase well-being and reduce the inflammatory potential of immune cells.

The purpose of the current study is to test a novel 3-week, online prosocial writing-based intervention in a sample of young adults. Previous intervention studies have manipulated prosocial behavior by asking participants to perform tangible acts of kindness for others, such as writing a note to a coworker or helping a neighbor. However, providing this type of direct support can be logistically challenging and may contribute to increased feelings of distress in certain contexts. Writing interventions designed to elicit feelings of generativity offer one alternative approach, though they have yet to be tested among young adults.

Participants (n = 200) will be randomized to one of two conditions--peer helping or a facts-only control--and instructed to write about their experiences in their first-year at UCLA (freshman or first-year after transfer). Those in the peer helping will be asked to write for the benefit of a student who is about to begin their first year, whereas those in the facts-only control will not. In total, participants will complete 4 writing assignments, each on a separate day over the course of one week. Valid self-report measures will be assessed at pre-intervention, each writing session, post-intervention, and at the 2-week follow-up. The investigators expect participants in the peer helping condition to experience a greater increase in well-being (primary outcome) across the intervention and the follow-up when compared to the control condition. Secondary outcomes will include depressive symptoms, anxiety, loneliness, physical symptoms, social support, and generativity. As an exploratory aim, will also assess several moderators (i.e., psychological distress, prosocial tendencies, generativity) and mediators (i.e., fulfillment of psychological needs, positive affect) of the intervention effects.

Přehled studie

Postavení

Dokončeno

Podmínky

Intervence / Léčba

Typ studie

Intervenční

Zápis (Aktuální)

165

Fáze

  • Nelze použít

Kontakty a umístění

Tato část poskytuje kontaktní údaje pro ty, kteří studii provádějí, a informace o tom, kde se tato studie provádí.

Studijní místa

  • Spojené státy
    • California
      • Los Angeles, California, Spojené státy, 90095
        • University of California, Los Angeles

Kritéria účasti

Výzkumníci hledají lidi, kteří odpovídají určitému popisu, kterému se říká kritéria způsobilosti. Některé příklady těchto kritérií jsou celkový zdravotní stav osoby nebo předchozí léčba.

Kritéria způsobilosti

Věk způsobilý ke studiu

18 let a starší (Dospělý, Starší dospělý)

Přijímá zdravé dobrovolníky

Ne

Pohlaví způsobilá ke studiu

Všechno

Popis

Inclusion Criteria:

  • enrolled in an upper-division psychology course
  • 18 years of age or older
  • fluent in English
  • access to the internet and email

Exclusion Criteria:

  • none

Studijní plán

Tato část poskytuje podrobnosti o studijním plánu, včetně toho, jak je studie navržena a co studie měří.

Jak je studie koncipována?

Detaily designu

  • Primární účel: Základní věda
  • Přidělení: Randomizované
  • Intervenční model: Paralelní přiřazení
  • Maskování: Žádné (otevřený štítek)

Zbraně a zásahy

Skupina účastníků / Arm
Intervence / Léčba
Experimentální: Peer Helping Condition
Participants in the peer helping condition will be asked to write about their experiences in their first-year at UCLA (freshman or first-year after post-transfer), with an emphasis on using the experience to benefit someone who is about to be a first-year student.
Behaviorální: Writing
After completing the baseline questionnaire, participants will be randomized to one of two conditions-a peer helping condition or a facts-only writing control. Participants will receive general instructions for completing the writing sessions and will be asked to write for at least 5 minutes per session. Topics covered in each session will vary and are related to common themes relating to life as a first-year university student (e.g., academics, adjusting to university, etc.). Participants will be instructed not to worry about grammar, spelling, or sentence structure and reminded that their responses will remain anonymous. Writing sessions (four in total) will be spaced 1 day apart and take place all within the same week.
Aktivní komparátor: Facts-only Control
Participants in the facts-only writing condition will be asked to write facts about their experiences in their first-year at UCLA (freshman or first-year post-transfer). Unlike the previous conditions, they will not be instructed to write for the benefit of another individual.
Behaviorální: Writing
After completing the baseline questionnaire, participants will be randomized to one of two conditions-a peer helping condition or a facts-only writing control. Participants will receive general instructions for completing the writing sessions and will be asked to write for at least 5 minutes per session. Topics covered in each session will vary and are related to common themes relating to life as a first-year university student (e.g., academics, adjusting to university, etc.). Participants will be instructed not to worry about grammar, spelling, or sentence structure and reminded that their responses will remain anonymous. Writing sessions (four in total) will be spaced 1 day apart and take place all within the same week.

Co je měření studie?

Primární výstupní opatření

Měření výsledku
Popis opatření
Časové okno
Change in psychological well-being
Časové okno: At the baseline survey (1 day before the intervention begins), at the post-intervention survey (2 days after the final writing assignment), and and at the 2-week follow-up
Well-being within the past week will be measured at baseline, post-intervention, and the 2-week follow-up via the 14-item Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF). The MHC-SF is comprised of three empirically derived subscales: the 3-item Emotional Well-Being Subscale, the 6-item Psychological Well-Being Subscale, and the 5-item Social Well-Being Subscale. Higher scores on each subscale, and the total score overall (range: 0-56), indicate greater well-being.
At the baseline survey (1 day before the intervention begins), at the post-intervention survey (2 days after the final writing assignment), and and at the 2-week follow-up

Sekundární výstupní opatření

Měření výsledku
Popis opatření
Časové okno
Change in depressive symptoms
Časové okno: At the baseline survey (1 day before the intervention begins), at the post-intervention survey (2 days after the final writing assignment), and and at the 2-week follow-up
Depressive symptoms over the past week will be measured at baseline, post-intervention, and the 2-week follow-up via the 20-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). The CES-D is a measure of symptom severity, with higher scores (range: 0-60) indicating greater depressive symptoms.
At the baseline survey (1 day before the intervention begins), at the post-intervention survey (2 days after the final writing assignment), and and at the 2-week follow-up
Change in anxiety and worry
Časové okno: At the baseline survey (1 day before the intervention begins), at the post-intervention survey (2 days after the final writing assignment), and and at the 2-week follow-up
Symptoms of anxiety over the past week will be measured at baseline, post-intervention, and the 2-week follow-up via the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder- 7 (GAD-7). Higher scores on the GAD-7 (range: 0-21) indicate greater severity of symptoms. Three additional items were added by the investigators to assess worry about vocational future: "I worry that I won't finish my degree," "I worry about what I will do after I finish my degree," and "I worry that I am not prepared for what comes after college (e.g., getting a job, graduate school)." These items are scored on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree), with higher scores indicating greater worry (range: 3-15).
At the baseline survey (1 day before the intervention begins), at the post-intervention survey (2 days after the final writing assignment), and and at the 2-week follow-up
Change in loneliness
Časové okno: At the baseline survey (1 day before the intervention begins), at the post-intervention survey (2 days after the final writing assignment), and and at the 2-week follow-up
Feelings of loneliness over the past week will be measured at baseline, post-intervention, and the 2-week follow-up via the 8-item UCLA Loneliness Scale- Short Form 8. A higher overall score (range: 8-32) indicates greater feelings of loneliness.
At the baseline survey (1 day before the intervention begins), at the post-intervention survey (2 days after the final writing assignment), and and at the 2-week follow-up
Change in physical symptoms and health-care center visits
Časové okno: At the baseline survey (1 day before the intervention begins), at the post-intervention survey (2 days after the final writing assignment), and and at the 2-week follow-up
Frequency of experiencing common physical symptoms (e.g., runny nose) over the past week will be measured at baseline, post-intervention, and the 2-week follow-up via a 13-item adapted version of the Pennebaker Inventory of Limbic Languidness (PILL). This measure includes 10-items assessing physical symptoms (range: 0-70), such as headache, shortness of breath, and coughing/sore throat, and 3-items assessing overall feelings of sickness ("how many days have you been sick?") and healthcare utilization ("how many visits have you made to the student health center?"). Greater scores indicate more physical symptoms/feelings of illness.
At the baseline survey (1 day before the intervention begins), at the post-intervention survey (2 days after the final writing assignment), and and at the 2-week follow-up
Change in sleep disturbance
Časové okno: At the baseline survey (1 day before the intervention begins), at the post-intervention survey (2 days after the final writing assignment), and and at the 2-week follow-up
Sleep disturbance over the past week will be measured using the 4-item PROMIS Sleep Disturbance Scale at baseline, post-intervention, and the 2-week follow-up. Scores range from 4 to 20, with higher scores indicating more disturbance.
At the baseline survey (1 day before the intervention begins), at the post-intervention survey (2 days after the final writing assignment), and and at the 2-week follow-up
Change in social support
Časové okno: At the baseline survey (1 day before the intervention begins), at the post-intervention survey (2 days after the final writing assignment), and and at the 2-week follow-up
Social support will be measured at baseline, post-intervention, and the 2-week follow-up using the 21-item 2-way Social Support Scale. This scale measures 4 dimensions of social support: instrumental support received, instrumental support given, emotional support received, and emotional support given. A higher total score (range: 0-105) indicates more feelings of perceived support.
At the baseline survey (1 day before the intervention begins), at the post-intervention survey (2 days after the final writing assignment), and and at the 2-week follow-up
Change in generativity
Časové okno: At the baseline survey (1 day before the intervention begins), at the post-intervention survey (2 days after the final writing assignment), and and at the 2-week follow-up
Feelings of generativity will be measured at baseline, post-intervention, and the 2-week follow-up using the 13-item Generativity Scale. This measure consists of two subscales: generative desire and generative achievement, with higher scores (range: 13-78) indicating greater desire/achievement.
At the baseline survey (1 day before the intervention begins), at the post-intervention survey (2 days after the final writing assignment), and and at the 2-week follow-up
Change in positive and negative affect
Časové okno: At the baseline survey (1 day before the intervention begins), at the post-intervention survey (2 days after the final writing assignment), and and at the 2-week follow-up
Daily reports of positive and negative affect will be assessed at baseline, post-intervention, the 2-week follow-up, and at each writing session using the 10-item positive affect subscale and 10-item negative affect subscales of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS-X). Two additional adjectives were also included, happy and calm. Greater scores indicate higher feelings of positive (range: 10-50) and negative affect (range: 10-50).
At the baseline survey (1 day before the intervention begins), at the post-intervention survey (2 days after the final writing assignment), and and at the 2-week follow-up
Change in fulfillment of psychological needs
Časové okno: At the baseline survey (1 day before the intervention begins), at the post-intervention survey (2 days after the final writing assignment), and and at the 2-week follow-up
Fulfillment of psychological needs will be measured at baseline, post-intervention, the 2-week follow-up, and at each writing session using the 9-item Balanced Measure of Psychological Needs. This item has three subscales: autonomy, connectedness, and relatedness, with higher scores (range: 9-45) indicating greater needs satisfaction.
At the baseline survey (1 day before the intervention begins), at the post-intervention survey (2 days after the final writing assignment), and and at the 2-week follow-up

Další výstupní opatření

Měření výsledku
Popis opatření
Časové okno
Prosocial Tendencies (Moderator)
Časové okno: At the baseline survey (1 day before the intervention begins)
Frequency of engaging in prosocial acts will be measured at baseline using the 20-item Self-Report Altruism Scale. Higher scores (range: 20-100) indicate more engagement in prosocial acts (e.g., helping a classmate with an assignment).
At the baseline survey (1 day before the intervention begins)

Spolupracovníci a vyšetřovatelé

Zde najdete lidi a organizace zapojené do této studie.

Sponzor

University of California, Los Angeles

Termíny studijních záznamů

Tato data sledují průběh záznamů studie a předkládání souhrnných výsledků na ClinicalTrials.gov. Záznamy ze studií a hlášené výsledky jsou před zveřejněním na veřejné webové stránce přezkoumány Národní lékařskou knihovnou (NLM), aby se ujistily, že splňují specifické standardy kontroly kvality.

Hlavní termíny studia

Začátek studia (Aktuální)

6. ledna 2020

Primární dokončení (Aktuální)

10. února 2020

Dokončení studie (Aktuální)

10. února 2020

Termíny zápisu do studia

První předloženo

13. prosince 2019

První předloženo, které splnilo kritéria kontroly kvality

18. prosince 2019

První zveřejněno (Aktuální)

23. prosince 2019

Aktualizace studijních záznamů

Poslední zveřejněná aktualizace (Aktuální)

12. února 2020

Odeslaná poslední aktualizace, která splnila kritéria kontroly kvality

10. února 2020

Naposledy ověřeno

1. února 2020

Více informací

Termíny související s touto studií

Další identifikační čísla studie

  • IRB#19-002092

Plán pro data jednotlivých účastníků (IPD)

Plánujete sdílet data jednotlivých účastníků (IPD)?

NE

Informace o lécích a zařízeních, studijní dokumenty

Studuje lékový produkt regulovaný americkým FDA

Ne

Studuje produkt zařízení regulovaný americkým úřadem FDA

Ne

Tyto informace byly beze změn načteny přímo z webu clinicaltrials.gov. Máte-li jakékoli požadavky na změnu, odstranění nebo aktualizaci podrobností studie, kontaktujte prosím register@clinicaltrials.gov. Jakmile bude změna implementována na clinicaltrials.gov, bude automaticky aktualizována i na našem webu .

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Podmínky

Vzácné nemoci

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Sponzor / Spolupracovníci

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3
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