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A Multi-Dimensional Comparative Study of Exercise Psychological Experience Under AI Fitness Companion and Human Coach Paradigms

1. juli 2026 opdateret af: Linjun Liu, Lincoln University College
This study conducted a comparative analysis of subjective exercise experiences between an AI-based fitness companion and traditional human coaching among 98 university students participating in a standardized 20-minute functional circuit training session. Participants were evaluated across three psychological dimensions: Emotional Resonance (ER), Interactive Dynamics (InD), and Embodied Presence (EP). The results indicated that human coaching elicited significantly higher levels of Emotional Resonance, whereas AI-based companions demonstrated superior performance in Interactive Dynamics. No significant differences were observed in Embodied Presence, suggesting that contemporary AI systems can provide spatial immersion and body-awareness comparable to human coaches. These findings indicate that AI and human coaches offer distinct psychological strengths, suggesting that AI should be viewed as a complementary, scalable tool for exercise guidance rather than a direct replacement for human emotional support.

Studieoversigt

Status

Afsluttet

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Undersøgelsestype

Interventionel

Tilmelding (Faktiske)

100

Fase

  • Ikke anvendelig

Kontakter og lokationer

Dette afsnit indeholder kontaktoplysninger for dem, der udfører undersøgelsen, og oplysninger om, hvor denne undersøgelse udføres.

Studiesteder

  • Kina
    • Hubei
      • Wuhan, Hubei, Kina, 430074
        • Wuhan Technical University

Deltagelseskriterier

Forskere leder efter personer, der passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kaldet berettigelseskriterier. Nogle eksempler på disse kriterier er en persons generelle helbredstilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Berettigelseskriterier

Aldre berettiget til at studere

  • Voksen

Tager imod sunde frivillige

Ja

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Body Composition: Participants needed to have a body fat percentage between 15% and 25% for males, and between 20% and 30% for females.
  2. Physical Capability: Participants were required to be physically capable of performing the designated bodyweight fitness movements, which included squats, lunges, and planks.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Physical Health: Individuals with musculoskeletal injuries or acute physical conditions that would prevent the safe performance of standard bodyweight exercises were excluded.
  2. Psychological Status: Individuals with a history of severe discomfort or diagnosed anxiety related to one-on-one fitness coaching or digital monitoring were excluded.

Studieplan

Dette afsnit indeholder detaljer om studieplanen, herunder hvordan undersøgelsen er designet, og hvad undersøgelsen måler.

Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?

Design detaljer

  • Primært formål: Grundvidenskab
  • Tildeling: Randomiseret
  • Interventionel model: Parallel tildeling
  • Maskning: Ingen (Åben etiket)

Våben og indgreb

Deltagergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Eksperimentel: AI-Based Companion Group
Adfærdsmæssigt: AI-Based Companion
The intervention for the AI-Based Companion group involved interacting with the BodyPark ATOM system (BodyPark Inc., Hong Kong, China), a portable AI fitness companion device. This device is equipped with a $160^{\circ}$ ultra-wide camera and features real-time motion analysis capabilities. During the 20-minute functional circuit training session, the system served as the digital coaching interface, providing automated real-time recognition of the targeted movements, verbal encouragement, and posture corrections.
Aktiv komparator: Human-Coached Group
Adfærdsmæssigt: Human-Coached
Participants in the Human-Coached Group were supervised and instructed by human coaches, which included several co-authors of the study. These researchers are professionals who hold national- or international-level certifications as sports coaches or referees, or who serve as professors in the field of physical education. Throughout the circuit training, they provided verbal assistance and guidance using instructional terminology and feedback that was structurally equivalent to the parameters of the AI protocol to ensure experimental consistency.

Hvad måler undersøgelsen?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Emotional Resonance (ER)
Tidsramme: The psychological questionnaire assessing Emotional Resonance was administered to participants immediately upon completion of the 20-minute functional circuit training session.
Emotional Resonance (ER) measures the extent to which participants perceive empathy, encouragement, and emotional companionship during their exercise session. This dimension evaluates the responsiveness of the coach or system to signs of participant exhaustion or form breakdown, as well as the perceived sincerity of the feedback provided, which helps to alleviate exercise-related boredom or anxiety. Theoretically, it is grounded in parasocial interaction and social presence theories, suggesting that users naturally attribute social characteristics to interactive entities, fulfilling fundamental psychological needs for relatedness and competence.
The psychological questionnaire assessing Emotional Resonance was administered to participants immediately upon completion of the 20-minute functional circuit training session.
Interactive Dynamics (InD)
Tidsramme: The psychological questionnaire assessing Interactive Dynamics was administered to participants immediately upon completion of the 20-minute functional circuit training session.
Interactive Dynamics (InD) represents the responsiveness, bidirectional communication, and real-time adaptability of the interaction process between the participant and the coach or system. It evaluates the fluidity of the communication loop, including the speed of movement correction, the naturalness of the exchange, and the system's ability to dynamically adjust guidance based on real-time performance. This construct is derived from human-computer interaction (HCI) theories, emphasizing that a seamless, low-latency feedback loop is essential for maintaining motor-cognitive immersion and optimizing exercise strategies.
The psychological questionnaire assessing Interactive Dynamics was administered to participants immediately upon completion of the 20-minute functional circuit training session.
Embodied Presence (EP)
Tidsramme: The psychological questionnaire assessing Embodied Presence was administered to participants immediately upon completion of the 20-minute functional circuit training session.
Embodied Presence (EP) reflects the degree to which a participant perceives an instructing agent as occupying the same physical or virtual space, facilitating bodily awareness and spatial immersion. This dimension emphasizes spatial perception, physical occupancy, and proprioceptive mapping, allowing participants to intuitively map external postural cues (such as joint angles or body alignment) onto their own internal body schema. It is grounded in cognitive psychology and spatial cognition frameworks, measuring how well the instruction facilitates an intuitive spatial-motor translation.
The psychological questionnaire assessing Embodied Presence was administered to participants immediately upon completion of the 20-minute functional circuit training session.

Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere

Det er her, du vil finde personer og organisationer, der er involveret i denne undersøgelse.

Sponsor

Lincoln University College

Samarbejdspartnere

Wuhan Sports University
Wuhan Technical University

Datoer for undersøgelser

Disse datoer sporer fremskridtene for indsendelser af undersøgelsesrekord og resumeresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieregistreringer og rapporterede resultater gennemgås af National Library of Medicine (NLM) for at sikre, at de opfylder specifikke kvalitetskontrolstandarder, før de offentliggøres på den offentlige hjemmeside.

Studer store datoer

Studiestart (Faktiske)

1. juni 2026

Primær færdiggørelse (Faktiske)

1. juli 2026

Studieafslutning (Faktiske)

1. juli 2026

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først indsendt

1. juli 2026

Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier

1. juli 2026

Først opslået (Faktiske)

8. juli 2026

Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler

Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)

8. juli 2026

Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier

1. juli 2026

Sidst verificeret

1. juni 2026

Mere information

Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse

Yderligere relevante MeSH-vilkår

Andre undersøgelses-id-numre

  • WTU-TMB-260601

Plan for individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)

Planlægger du at dele individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)?

INGEN

IPD-planbeskrivelse

There is no plan to share individual participant data to protect the privacy of the participants and ensure data security.

Lægemiddel- og udstyrsoplysninger, undersøgelsesdokumenter

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Ingen

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Ingen

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Kliniske forsøg med Kognitiv dysfunktion

Kliniske forsøg med AI-Based Companion

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Sponsorer og samarbejdspartnere

Medicinske tilstande

Narkotikainterventioner

CROs by country

CROs in Guinea

Betingelser

Sjældne sygdomme

Narkotikainterventioner

Kosttilskud

Sponsor / samarbejdspartnere

Placeringer

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