- ICH GCP
- Registro degli studi clinici negli Stati Uniti
- Sperimentazione clinica NCT01558921
Cancro del retto e terapia di induzione preoperatoria seguita da intervento chirurgico dedicato. Il processo RAPIDO (RAPIDO)
Studio multicentrico randomizzato di fase III sulla radioterapia a breve corso seguita da chemioterapia e chirurgia preoperatoria prolungata nel carcinoma del retto primario ad alto rischio rispetto alla chemioradioterapia e alla chirurgia standard e alla chemioterapia adiuvante opzionale.
Panoramica dello studio
Stato
Condizioni
Intervento / Trattamento
Descrizione dettagliata
Tipo di studio
Iscrizione (Effettivo)
Fase
- Fase 3
Contatti e Sedi
Luoghi di studio
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Aalborg, Danimarca
- Aalborg Universitetshospital
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Odense, Danimarca
- Odense Universitetshospital
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Kristiansand, Norvegia
- Sørlandet Sykehus Kristiansand
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Oslo, Norvegia
- Oslo Universitetssykehus
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Alkmaar, Olanda
- Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep
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Amsterdam, Olanda
- Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis
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Amsterdam, Olanda
- Amsterdam UMC, location AMC
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Amsterdam, Olanda
- Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc
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Amsterdam, Olanda
- Nki / Avl
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Assen, Olanda
- Wilhelmina ziekenhuis
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Breda, Olanda
- Amphia Ziekenhuis
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Delft, Olanda
- Reinier de Graaf Groep
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Deventer, Olanda
- Deventer Hospital
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Eindhoven, Olanda
- Catharina Ziekenhuis
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Gouda, Olanda
- Het Groene Hart Ziekenhuis
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Groningen, Olanda
- Martini ziekenhuis
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Groningen, Olanda
- Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen
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Heerenveen, Olanda
- de Tjongerschans
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Hengelo, Olanda
- Ziekenhuisgroep Twente
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Hoofddorp, Olanda
- Spaarne Ziekenhuis
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Leeuwarden, Olanda
- Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden
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Leeuwarden, Olanda
- Radiotherapeutisch Instituut Friesland
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Leiden, Olanda
- Leiden University Medical Center
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Leiderdorp, Olanda
- Alrijne Ziekenhuis
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Nijmegen, Olanda
- UMC Nijmegen St Radboud
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Sneek, Olanda
- Antonius ziekenhuis
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The Hague, Olanda
- Hagaziekenhuis
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The Hague, Olanda
- Bronovo Ziekenhuis
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The Hague, Olanda
- Medisch Centrum Haaglanden
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Utrecht, Olanda
- Diakonessenhuis
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Zwolle, Olanda
- Isala Klinieken
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PO BOX 30001
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Groningen, PO BOX 30001, Olanda, 9700 RB
- University Medical Center Groningen
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Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Institute of Oncology
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Barcelona, Spagna
- Hospital Vall d'Hebron
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L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spagna
- ICO Hospital Duran i Reynals
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Valencia, Spagna
- Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia
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Valencia, Spagna
- Hospital Universitari i Politecnic La Fe
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Valencia, Spagna
- Consorcio Hospital General Universitario Valencia
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Missouri
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St Louis, Missouri, Stati Uniti, 63110
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University Medical School
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Borås, Svezia
- Södra Älvsborgs Sjukhus
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Eskilstuna, Svezia
- Mälarsjukhuset
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Falun, Svezia
- Falu Lasarett
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Gothenburg, Svezia
- Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset
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Gävle, Svezia
- Gavle Sjukhus
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Kalmar, Svezia
- Kalmar Hospital
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Karlstad, Svezia
- Centralsjukhuset i Karlstad
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Linköping, Svezia
- Linköpings Universitet
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Lund, Svezia
- Universitetssjukhuset i Lund
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Skövde, Svezia
- Skaraborgs Sjukhus
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Stockholm, Svezia
- Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset
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Sundsvall, Svezia
- Sundsvalls sjukhus
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Umeå, Svezia
- Norrlands Universitetssjukhus
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Uppsala, Svezia
- Akademiska sjukhuset
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Vaxjo, Svezia
- Centrallasarettet Växjö
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Västerås, Svezia
- Centrallasarett
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Örebro, Svezia
- Universitetssjukhuset Orebro
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Criteri di partecipazione
Criteri di ammissibilità
Età idonea allo studio
Accetta volontari sani
Descrizione
Criterio di inclusione:
Caratteristiche tumorali primarie:
- Prova istologica di adenocarcinoma primitivo del retto di nuova diagnosi
- Tumore localmente avanzato che soddisfa almeno uno dei seguenti criteri alla RM pelvica indicante un alto rischio di fallimento localizzato e/o sistemico (T4a, cioè crescita eccessiva di un organo o struttura adiacente come la prostata, la vescica urinaria, l'utero, l'osso sacro, il pavimento pelvico o il lato parete (secondo TNM versione 5), cT4b, cioè coinvolgimento peritoneale, invasione vascolare extramurale (EMVI+). N2, cioè quattro o più linfonodi nel mesoretto che mostrano segni morfologici alla risonanza magnetica che indicano una malattia metastatica. MRF positivo, cioè tumore o linfonodo < 1 mm dalla fascia mesorettale. Nodi laterali ingranditi, > 1 cm (lat LN+)
Criteri di esclusione:
- Crescita estesa nella parte craniale del sacro (sopra S3) o nelle radici del nervo lombosacrale che indica che la chirurgia non sarà mai possibile anche se si osserva un sostanziale ridimensionamento del tumore
- Presenza di malattia metastatica o tumore rettale ricorrente
- Adenomatosi familiare, poliposi coli (FAP), cancro colorettale ereditario non poliposico (HNPCC), morbo di Crohn attivo o colite ulcerosa attiva
- Tumori maligni concomitanti, ad eccezione del carcinoma basocellulare della pelle adeguatamente trattato o del carcinoma in situ della cervice uterina. I soggetti con precedenti tumori maligni devono essere liberi da malattia da almeno 5 anni
- Carenza nota di DPD
- Eventuali controindicazioni alla risonanza magnetica (ad es. portatori di pacemaker)
- Condizioni mediche o psichiatriche che compromettono la capacità del paziente di dare il consenso informato
- Condizioni mediche concomitanti non controllate
- Qualsiasi trattamento sperimentale per il cancro del retto nell'ultimo mese
- Gravidanza o allattamento
- Pazienti con note sindromi da malassorbimento o mancanza di integrità fisica del tratto gastrointestinale superiore
- Clinicamente significativo (es. attiva) malattie cardiache (ad es. insufficienza cardiaca congestizia, malattia coronarica sintomatica e aritmia cardiaca, ad es. fibrillazione atriale, anche se controllata con farmaci) o infarto del miocardio negli ultimi 12 mesi
- Pazienti con sintomi o anamnesi di neuropatia periferica
Piano di studio
Come è strutturato lo studio?
Dettagli di progettazione
- Scopo principale: Trattamento
- Assegnazione: Randomizzato
- Modello interventistico: Assegnazione parallela
- Mascheramento: Nessuno (etichetta aperta)
Armi e interventi
Gruppo di partecipanti / Arm |
Intervento / Trattamento |
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Sperimentale: B: 5x5Gy -> CAPOX -> surgery
experimental group (arm B) M1 scheme: 5 fractions of 5 Gy external beam radiation (5x5Gy) followed by CAPOX followed by TME surgery
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short course 5x5Gy radiation scheme is followed by six cycles of combination chemotherapy (capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CAPOX)) and surgery.
FOLFOX4 may be given as alternative for CAPOX
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Comparatore attivo: A: 5 weeks chemoradiation -> surgery
control group (arm A) standard long course chemoradiotherapy followed by TME surgery
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chemioradioterapia a lungo corso seguita da intervento chirurgico.
La chemioterapia adiuvante facoltativa (CAPOX o FOLFOX) è consentita nel gruppo di controllo.
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Cosa sta misurando lo studio?
Misure di risultato primarie
Misura del risultato |
Misura Descrizione |
Lasso di tempo |
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Number of Patients With Disease Related Treatment Failure (DrTF)
Lasso di tempo: 3 years follow-up after surgery
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DrTF = Either local or distant relapse or death caused by the rectal carcinoma whichever comes first.
In case of nonrectal cancer related death patients will be censored at date of death.
In case of a second primary tumour patients will be censored at the date of diagnosis of the second primary tumour.
In case of local regrowth after wait & watch strategy, followed by no resection or R2 resection, diagnosis local regrowth is taken.
Patients lost to follow-up will be censored the last date of patient visit.
Survival curves for Disease related Treatment Failure after 3 years of follow-up will be constructed using the method of Kaplan and Meier.
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3 years follow-up after surgery
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Misure di risultato secondarie
Misura del risultato |
Misura Descrizione |
Lasso di tempo |
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Number of Patients Completing the Prescribe Neo-adjuvant Treatment Dose
Lasso di tempo: 30 days after neoadjuvant treatment
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Number of patients in the experimental arm receiving 5 fractions of x 5 Gy (5x5Gy) radiotherapy followed by at least 75% of the prescribed chemotherapy. In the standard arm receiving the prescribed chemoradiotherapy. |
30 days after neoadjuvant treatment
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Number of Patients With Negative CRM Negative
Lasso di tempo: 30 days after surgery
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Number of patients with a Circumferential Resection Margin (CRM) > 1 mm
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30 days after surgery
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Number of Patients With a Pathological Complete Response (pCR)
Lasso di tempo: 30 days after surgery
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Number of patients with a Pathological Complete Response (pCR) after neo-adjuvant treatment
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30 days after surgery
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Number of Patients With Surgical Complications
Lasso di tempo: 30 days after surgery
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Number of patients with surgical complications: wound rupture, bleeding, infection, rectal anastomotic leak
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30 days after surgery
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Quality of Life QLQ-C30 Scores
Lasso di tempo: 3 year after surgery
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Quality of life QLQ-C30 core questionnaire EORTC quality-of-life instrument for use in international clinical trials in oncology A total Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ) score can range from 0 to 88, higher score means worse outcome.
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3 year after surgery
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Quality of Life Questionnaire Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (EORTC-QLQ-CIPN20)
Lasso di tempo: 3 year after surgery
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Quality of life EORTC-QLQ-CIPN20. International EORTC questionnaire to assess Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN). A total QLQ-CIPN20 score can range from 0 to 100, higher score means worse outcome. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common phenomenon, often resulting in serious limitations in daily functioning and compromised quality of life. |
3 year after surgery
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Quality of Life LARS Scores
Lasso di tempo: 3 year after surgery
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Low Anterior Resection Syndrome (LARS) scores in patients without a stoma three years after curative surgery Patient reported score (5 questions). 0-12 no LARS, 21-29 Minor LARS, 30-42 Major LARS. Higher scores mean a worse outcome. |
3 year after surgery
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Number of Patients With a Locoregional Recurrence
Lasso di tempo: 5 years after surgery
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Number of patients with a locoregional recurrence (LRR) after an R0/R1 resection
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5 years after surgery
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Overall Survival
Lasso di tempo: 10 year
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Overall survival will be computed as the time between randomization and colorectal cancer or treatment related death. Patients lost to follow-up will be censored the last date of patient visit. In case of a second primary tumour patients will be censored at the date of diagnosis of the second primary tumour. |
10 year
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Collaboratori e investigatori
Collaboratori
Investigatori
- Investigatore principale: B. van Etten, MD, PhD, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Surgery, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Investigatore principale: B. Glimelius, MD, PhD, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Department of Oncology, Uppsala, Sweden
- Investigatore principale: G. A. Hospers, MD, PhD, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Oncology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Investigatore principale: P. Nilsson, MD, PhD, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
- Investigatore principale: C. J. van de Velde, MD, PhD, Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Investigatore principale: C.A.M. Marijnen, MD, PhD, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Pubblicazioni e link utili
Pubblicazioni generali
- Nilsson PJ, van Etten B, Hospers GA, Pahlman L, van de Velde CJ, Beets-Tan RG, Blomqvist L, Beukema JC, Kapiteijn E, Marijnen CA, Nagtegaal ID, Wiggers T, Glimelius B. Short-course radiotherapy followed by neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer--the RAPIDO trial. BMC Cancer. 2013 Jun 7;13:279. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-279.
- Jimenez-Fonseca P, Salazar R, Valenti V, Msaouel P, Carmona-Bayonas A. Is short-course radiotherapy and total neoadjuvant therapy the new standard of care in locally advanced rectal cancer? A sensitivity analysis of the RAPIDO clinical trial. Ann Oncol. 2022 Aug;33(8):786-793. doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.04.010. Epub 2022 Apr 22.
- Glynne-Jones R, Harrison M. Should the RAPIDO schedule represent standard of care in locally advanced rectal cancer? Ann Oncol. 2022 Aug;33(8):745-746. doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.05.002. Epub 2022 May 12. No abstract available.
- Patel A, Spychalski P, Corrao G, Jereczek-Fossa BA, Glynne-Jones R, Garcia-Aguilar J, Kobiela J. Neoadjuvant short-course radiotherapy with consolidation chemotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Oncol. 2021 Oct;60(10):1308-1316. doi: 10.1080/0284186X.2021.1953137. Epub 2021 Jul 24.
- Papaccio F, Rosello S, Huerta M, Gambardella V, Tarazona N, Fleitas T, Roda D, Cervantes A. Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel). 2020 Dec 3;12(12):3611. doi: 10.3390/cancers12123611.
- Giunta EF, Bregni G, Pretta A, Deleporte A, Liberale G, Bali AM, Moretti L, Troiani T, Ciardiello F, Hendlisz A, Sclafani F. Total neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer: Making sense of the results from the RAPIDO and PRODIGE 23 trials. Cancer Treat Rev. 2021 May;96:102177. doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.102177. Epub 2021 Mar 16.
- Bahadoer RR, Dijkstra EA, van Etten B, Marijnen CAM, Putter H, Kranenbarg EM, Roodvoets AGH, Nagtegaal ID, Beets-Tan RGH, Blomqvist LK, Fokstuen T, Ten Tije AJ, Capdevila J, Hendriks MP, Edhemovic I, Cervantes A, Nilsson PJ, Glimelius B, van de Velde CJH, Hospers GAP; RAPIDO collaborative investigators. Short-course radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy before total mesorectal excision (TME) versus preoperative chemoradiotherapy, TME, and optional adjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer (RAPIDO): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2021 Jan;22(1):29-42. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30555-6. Epub 2020 Dec 7.
- Ozturk SK, Martinez CG, Mens D, Verhoef C, Tosetto M, Sheahan K, de Wilt JHW, Hospers GAP, van de Velde CJH, Marijnen CAM, van der Post RS, Nagtegaal ID. Lymph node regression after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer. Histopathology. 2024 May;84(6):935-946. doi: 10.1111/his.15134. Epub 2024 Jan 8.
- Nilsson PJ, van Etten B, Hospers GAP, Marijnen CAM, Meershoek-Klein Kranenberg E, Roodvoets AGH, van de Velde CJH, Glimelius B. Comment on the RAPIDO Trial Point-Counterpoint Debate. Dis Colon Rectum. 2024 Feb 1;67(2):e126. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000003138. Epub 2023 Oct 26. No abstract available.
- Polack M, van Pelt GW, van den Heuvel DH, Klein-Kranenbarg EM, Roodvoets AGH, Putter H, Crobach ASLP, Nagtegaal ID, Peeters KCMJ, Tollenaar RAEM, van Krieken JHJM, Mesker WE. The tumour-stroma ratio as predictive aid towards a biopsy-based treatment strategy in rectal carcinoma. Histopathology. 2025 Jul;87(1):44-57. doi: 10.1111/his.15423. Epub 2025 Apr 4.
- van der Valk MJM, Marijnen CAM, van Etten B, Dijkstra EA, Hilling DE, Kranenbarg EM, Putter H, Roodvoets AGH, Bahadoer RR, Fokstuen T, Ten Tije AJ, Capdevila J, Hendriks MP, Edhemovic I, Cervantes AMR, de Groot DJA, Nilsson PJ, Glimelius B, van de Velde CJH, Hospers GAP; Collaborative investigators. Compliance and tolerability of short-course radiotherapy followed by preoperative chemotherapy and surgery for high-risk rectal cancer - Results of the international randomized RAPIDO-trial. Radiother Oncol. 2020 Jun;147:75-83. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.03.011. Epub 2020 Mar 30.
- Dijkstra EA, Hospers GAP, Kranenbarg EM, Fleer J, Roodvoets AGH, Bahadoer RR, Guren MG, Tjalma JJJ, Putter H, Crolla RMPH, Hendriks MP, Capdevila J, Radu C, van de Velde CJH, Nilsson PJ, Glimelius B, van Etten B, Marijnen CAM. Quality of life and late toxicity after short-course radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer - The RAPIDO trial. Radiother Oncol. 2022 Jun;171:69-76. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2022.04.013. Epub 2022 Apr 18.
- Dijkstra EA, Zwart WH, Putter H, Marijnen CAM, Nilsson PJ, van de Velde CJH, van Etten B, Hospers GAP, Glimelius B. Authors' reply-A sensitivity analysis of the RAPIDO clinical trial. Ann Oncol. 2023 Apr;34(4):446-447. doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.12.012. Epub 2022 Dec 26. No abstract available.
- Dijkstra EA, Nilsson PJ, Hospers GAP, Bahadoer RR, Meershoek-Klein Kranenbarg E, Roodvoets AGH, Putter H, Berglund A, Cervantes A, Crolla RMPH, Hendriks MP, Capdevila J, Edhemovic I, Marijnen CAM, van de Velde CJH, Glimelius B, van Etten B; Collaborative Investigators. Locoregional Failure During and After Short-course Radiotherapy Followed by Chemotherapy and Surgery Compared With Long-course Chemoradiotherapy and Surgery: A 5-Year Follow-up of the RAPIDO Trial. Ann Surg. 2023 Oct 1;278(4):e766-e772. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000005799. Epub 2023 Jan 20.
- Bahadoer RR, Hospers GAP, Marijnen CAM, Peeters KCMJ, Putter H, Dijkstra EA, Kranenbarg EM, Roodvoets AGH, van Etten B, Nilsson PJ, Glimelius B, van de Velde CJH; collaborative investigators. Risk and location of distant metastases in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer after total neoadjuvant treatment or chemoradiotherapy in the RAPIDO trial. Eur J Cancer. 2023 May;185:139-149. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.02.027. Epub 2023 Mar 7.
- Kus Ozturk S, Graham Martinez C, Sheahan K, Winter DC, Aherne S, Ryan EJ, van de Velde CJ, Marijnen CA, Hospers GA, Roodvoets AG, Doukas M, Mens D, Verhoef C, van der Post RS, Nagtegaal ID. Relevance of shrinkage versus fragmented response patterns in rectal cancer. Histopathology. 2023 Dec;83(6):870-879. doi: 10.1111/his.15027. Epub 2023 Aug 23.
- Zwart WH, Temmink SJD, Hospers GAP, Marijnen CAM, Putter H, Nagtegaal ID, Blomqvist L, Kranenbarg EM, Roodvoets AGH, Martling A, van de Velde CJH, Glimelius B, Peeters KCMJ, van Etten B, Nilsson PJ; Collaborative investigators. Oncological outcomes after a pathological complete response following total neoadjuvant therapy or chemoradiotherapy for high-risk locally advanced rectal cancer in the RAPIDO trial. Eur J Cancer. 2024 Jun;204:114044. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2024.114044. Epub 2024 Apr 7.
- Zwart WH, Dijkstra EA, Putter H, Marijnen CAM, Nilsson PJ, van de Velde CJH, van Etten B, Hospers GAP, Glimelius B. Authors' reply-Does the RAPIDO trial suggest a benefit of post-operative chemotherapy after preoperative chemoradiation in rectal cancer? No, it does not. ESMO Open. 2023 Oct;8(5):101645. doi: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101645. Epub 2023 Sep 14. No abstract available.
- Zwart WH, Dijkstra EA, Putter H, Marijnen CAM, Nilsson PJ, van de Velde CJH, van Etten B, Hospers GAP, Glimelius B. Corrigendum to "Authors' reply-Does the RAPIDO trial suggest a benefit of post-operative chemotherapy after preoperative chemoradiation in rectal cancer? No, it does not": [ESMO Open 8 (2023) 101645]. ESMO Open. 2023 Dec;8(6):102042. doi: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.102042. Epub 2023 Oct 20. No abstract available.
- Bahadoer RR, Dijkstra EA, van Etten B, Marijnen CAM, Putter H, Kranenbarg EM, Nilsson PJ, Glimelius B, van de Velde CJH, Hospers GAP. Interpreting the RAPIDO trial: factors to consider - Authors' reply. Lancet Oncol. 2021 Mar;22(3):e90-e91. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00087-5. No abstract available.
- Dijkstra EA, Zwart WH, Nilsson PJ, Putter H, Roodvoets AGH, Meershoek-Klein Kranenbarg E, Frodin JE, Nygren P, Ostergaard L, Kersten C, Verbiene I, Cervantes A, Hendriks MP, Capdevila J, Edhemovic I, van de Velde CJH, Marijnen CAM, van Etten B, Hospers GAP, Glimelius B; collaborative investigators. The value of post-operative chemotherapy after chemoradiotherapy in patients with high-risk locally advanced rectal cancer-results from the RAPIDO trial. ESMO Open. 2023 Apr;8(2):101158. doi: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101158. Epub 2023 Mar 3.
- Prata I, Eriksson M, Krdzalic J, Kranenbarg EM, Roodvoets AGH, Beets-Tan R, van de Velde CJH, van Etten B, Hospers GAP, Glimelius B, Nilsson PJ, Marijnen CAM, Peeters KCMJ, Blomqvist LK. Results of a diagnostic imaging audit in a randomised clinical trial in rectal cancer highlight the importance of careful planning and quality control. Insights Imaging. 2023 Nov 24;14(1):206. doi: 10.1186/s13244-023-01552-0.
- Ozturk SK, Bokhorst JM, Baumann E, Sheahan K, van de Velde CJH, Marijnen CAM, Hospers GAP, Doukas M, Vieth M, Lugli A, Nagtegaal ID. Exploring Intratumoral Budding in Colorectal Cancer Using Computational Pathology: A Biopsy-Based Evaluation. Mod Pathol. 2025 Feb;38(2):100655. doi: 10.1016/j.modpat.2024.100655. Epub 2024 Nov 9.
- Zwart WH, Dijkstra EA, Hospers GAP, Marijnen CAM, Putter H, Folkesson J, Van de Velde CJH, Roodvoets AGH, Meershoek-Klein Kranenbarg E, Glimelius B, Van Etten B, Nilsson PJ. Perineal wound complications after total neoadjuvant therapy or chemoradiotherapy followed by abdominoperineal excision in patients with high-risk locally advanced rectal cancer in the RAPIDO trial. BJS Open. 2025 Mar 4;9(2):zraf043. doi: 10.1093/bjsopen/zraf043.
- Tanaka MD, Glimelius B, Hospers GAP, Kranenbarg EM, Marijnen CAM, Putter H, Roodvoets AGH, van de Velde CJH, van Etten B, Nilsson PJ, Couwenberg AM. Acute and Late Radiation-Related Toxicity After Treatment of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer With Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy Compared With 3-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy in the RAPIDO Trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2025 Oct 1;123(2):470-482. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2025.04.035. Epub 2025 May 10.
Collegamenti utili
Studiare le date dei record
Studia le date principali
Inizio studio (Effettivo)
Completamento primario (Effettivo)
Completamento dello studio (Stimato)
Date di iscrizione allo studio
Primo inviato
Primo inviato che soddisfa i criteri di controllo qualità
Primo Inserito (Stimato)
Aggiornamenti dei record di studio
Ultimo aggiornamento pubblicato (Effettivo)
Ultimo aggiornamento inviato che soddisfa i criteri QC
Ultimo verificato
Maggiori informazioni
Termini relativi a questo studio
Parole chiave
Termini MeSH pertinenti aggiuntivi
Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio
- NL36315.042.11
- 2010-023957-12 (Numero EudraCT)
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