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Assessment of Navigation Abilities in Children With Cerebral Palsy and Their Peers

5. november 2026 oppdatert av: IRCCS Eugenio Medea

Evaluation of Spatial Navigation Skills in Typically Developing Children and in Children With Cerebral Palsy Using a Head Mounted Display

Spatial navigation skills are very important in everyday activities and quality of life but spatial navigation abilities are not part of the standard process of assessment and rehabilitation of patients. Furthermore, it is known that children with cerebral palsy have impaired visuo-spatial competences. The main objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the spatial navigation abilities of typically developing children and of children with cerebral palsy using the "StarMaze" application delivered by means of a Head Mounted Display (HMD). The second aim is to investigate the user experience during the session. A similar application was already developed and tested in a virtual reality large scale platform whose size and cost limit the accessibility. Therefore, the assessment (and future training) of navigation abilities with affordable and easy-to-use technology such as HMD open new perspectives.

Studieoversikt

Status

Fullført

Forhold

Intervensjon / Behandling

Studietype

Intervensjonell

Registrering (Faktiske)

37

Fase

  • Ikke aktuelt

Kontakter og plasseringer

Denne delen inneholder kontaktinformasjon for de som utfører studien, og informasjon om hvor denne studien blir utført.

Studiesteder

    • Lecco
      • Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italia, 23842
        • Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea

Deltakelseskriterier

Forskere ser etter personer som passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kalt kvalifikasjonskriterier. Noen eksempler på disse kriteriene er en persons generelle helsetilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Kvalifikasjonskriterier

Alder som er kvalifisert for studier

13 år og eldre (Barn, Voksen, Eldre voksen)

Tar imot friske frivillige

Ja

Kjønn som er kvalifisert for studier

Alle

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  • IQ higher than 70

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Subjects with epileptic issues
  • Subjects with poor head control
  • Visual acuity not correctable with eyeglasses

Studieplan

Denne delen gir detaljer om studieplanen, inkludert hvordan studien er utformet og hva studien måler.

Hvordan er studiet utformet?

Designdetaljer

  • Primært formål: Grunnvitenskap
  • Tildeling: Ikke-randomisert
  • Intervensjonsmodell: Parallell tildeling
  • Masking: Ingen (Open Label)

Våpen og intervensjoner

Deltakergruppe / Arm
Intervensjon / Behandling
Eksperimentell: CP group

Participants with cerebral palsy are recruited.

They undergo a baseline assessment (including cognitive level and pen and paper tests for visuo-spatial abilities). Then they perform a spatial navigation assessment with an immersive virtual reality application delivered by the Oculus Quest viewer. The spatial navigation application consists of a 5-way star-maze adapted from (Biffi et al 2020 Front. Psychol.) where the participants have to find a treasure hidden at the end of one way. The application measures both the learning of spatial information and the strategy used (egocentric or allocentric).

After the session, the participants fill questionnaires related to cyber-sickness and usability of the application.

Eksperimentell: TD group

Typically developing children are recruited.

They undergo a baseline assessment (including cognitive level and pen and paper tests for visuo-spatial abilities). Then they perform a spatial navigation assessment with an immersive virtual reality application delivered by the Oculus Quest viewer. The spatial navigation application consists of a 5-way star-maze adapted from (Biffi et al 2020 Front. Psychol.) where the participants have to find a treasure hidden at the end of one way. The application measures both the learning of spatial information and the strategy used (egocentric or allocentric).

After the session, the participants fill questionnaires related to cyber-sickness and usability of the application.

Hva måler studien?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Tiltaksbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Navigation strategy
Tidsramme: One day

The navigation strategy is measured by the application "StarMaze" delivered by the Oculus Quest viewer and it could be egocentric or allocentric. The strategy is egocentric if the participant finds the treasure in the virtual space by using a self-centred trajectory. The strategy is allocentric if the participant find the treasure in the virtual space by using a trajectory based on environmental cues.

One day

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Tiltaksbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Learning rate
Tidsramme: One day

The learning rate of correct path to follow to find the treasure strategy is measured by the application "StarMaze" delivered by the Oculus Quest viewer. It is the number of trials required by the participant to reach a stable performance

One day
Simulator Sickness Questionnaire
Tidsramme: One day

The questionnaire evaluates the effects of cyber sickness. Participants have to score 16 symptoms on a four-point scale (0-3).The symptoms can be placed into three general categories: oculomotor, disorientation, and nausea. Weights are assigned to each of the categories and summed together to obtain a single score.

One day
System Usability Scale
Tidsramme: One day

It evaluates the usability of the system. The SUS is a simple, ten-item five-point Likert scale giving a global view of subjective assessments of usability.

One day
Independent Television Commission-Sense of Presence Inventory
Tidsramme: One day

It is a 5-point Likert scale, composed of 44 items. This questionnaire evaluates the user experience to understand if the person enjoyed the game, the setting, and the overall experience. In particular, the questionnaire addresses four factors: spatial presence, engagement, realness of the environment, and side effects (cyber sickness).

One day
Suitability Evaluation Questionnaire - simplified version
Tidsramme: One day

It evaluates the sense of agency with four questions (likert scale 1-5) and one open question.

One day
Short-form of PANAS-Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scales
Tidsramme: One day

In the questionnaire, the participant must evaluate how much s/he feels in the way described by the adjective when filling out the questionnaire, responding on a 5-point Likert scale. The PANAS provides measures of Positive Affects (PAs) and Negative Affects (NAs). The PA and NA scores are the sums of the ratings of the PA items and the NA items, respectively. PA indicates the level of pleasurable engagement with the product while NA is a general factor of subjective distress.

One day

Samarbeidspartnere og etterforskere

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Sponsor

Studierekorddatoer

Disse datoene sporer fremdriften for innsending av studieposter og sammendragsresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieposter og rapporterte resultater gjennomgås av National Library of Medicine (NLM) for å sikre at de oppfyller spesifikke kvalitetskontrollstandarder før de legges ut på det offentlige nettstedet.

Studer hoveddatoer

Studiestart (Faktiske)

7. februar 2023

Primær fullføring (Faktiske)

28. oktober 2026

Studiet fullført (Faktiske)

28. oktober 2026

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først innsendt

13. mars 2024

Først innsendt som oppfylte QC-kriteriene

13. mars 2024

Først lagt ut (Faktiske)

20. mars 2024

Oppdateringer av studieposter

Sist oppdatering lagt ut (Faktiske)

10. november 2026

Siste oppdatering sendt inn som oppfylte QC-kriteriene

5. november 2026

Sist bekreftet

1. november 2026

Mer informasjon

Begreper knyttet til denne studien

Andre studie-ID-numre

  • GIP 1021

Legemiddel- og utstyrsinformasjon, studiedokumenter

Studerer et amerikansk FDA-regulert medikamentprodukt

Nei

Studerer et amerikansk FDA-regulert enhetsprodukt

Nei

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