Метаболические и функциональные последствия старения в здоровье и заболеваниях

Study subjects that are eligible based on inclusion/exclusion criteria

Screening visit: body weight and composition by DXA, height, and vital signs will be assessed.

Study day(s): may include combinations of stable tracer infusions and with blood draws, cognitive and muscle performance testing

Multiple stable-labeled tracers of amino acids, ketoacids, glycerol, short-chain fatty acids

• Стабильная инфузия трассера

Whole-body production rate measured after stable tracer administration

Whole-body production rate measured after stable tracer administration

Whole-body production rate measured after stable tracer administration

Self-reported depression measured by a validated questionnaire related to depression. Each item on the questionnaire is scored from 0-3 and this means that a person can score between 0 (no symptoms) and 21 (severe symptoms). A higher score indicates a worse outcome (greater self-reported depression symptoms).

Anxiety measured by a validated questionnaire related to anxiety-related symptoms. Each item on the questionnaire is scored from 0-3 and this means that a person can score between 0 (no symptoms) and 21 (severe symptoms) related to anxiety. A higher score indicates a worse outcome (greater self-reported anxiety symptoms).

A psychological distress scale to measure the mood disturbance in 6 domains - fatigue-inertia, vigor-activity, tension-anxiety, depression-dejection, anger-hostility, and confusion-bewilderment in the past week. Each item on the questionnaire is awarded a score from 0 ("not at all") to 4 ("extremely"), except "Relaxed" and "Efficient" scored 4 ("not at all") and 0 ("extremely"), based on the intensity of the assessed feeling in the past week.

Health status assessed by Health-Related Quality of Life Scale (HR-QoL)

Physical activity assessed by Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE)

Sleep quality assessed by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index

Nutritional status assessed by Mini-Nutritional Assessment

In Part A, the examinee is instructed to connect a set of 25 circles with numbers as quickly as possible while maintaining accuracy. In Part B, the examinee is instructed to connect a set of 25 circles, alternating between numbers and letters, as quickly as possible while maintaining accuracy. Measures attentional resources and is a measure of the frontal lobe "executive" functions of visual search, set-switching and mental flexibility. The total time in seconds was reported for each measure.

MoCa assesses several cognitive domains and is used for the screening of mild cognitive impairment. Total scores range from 0-30 with lower scores indicating decreased functioning.

Functional exercise capacity assessed by 6-minute walk test

Physical weakness assessed by Short Physical Performance Battery

Skeletal muscle strength measured by handgrip test

Skeletal muscle strength measured by one-leg test

Respiratory muscle strength measured by a hand-held mouth pressure device (Micro RPM)

Skeletal muscle strength measured by Berg Balance Scale and balance platform

The amount and types of microbiota assessed in collected stool sample

Gut function assessed by Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, a 15-item instrument designed to assess the symptoms associated with common gastrointestinal disorders. A higher score indicates worse outcomes (more discomfort).

Hand dexterity assessed by the Nine-Hole Peg Test (9-HPT), a standardized, quantitative assessment in which the subject is asked to take pegs from a container, one by one, and place them into the holes on the board. Time upon completion will be recorded using both left and right hand, separately.