Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes (GLUCOSTRESS)

Inclusion Criteria:

• Specific criteria for diabetic patients:
• Having type 2 diabetes for at least 6 months
• HbA1c ≤ 8%
• Treated by lifestyle and dietary rules associated or not to a hypoglycemic therapy (metformin and / or sulfamid) and / or insulin secretors dependent glucose as inhibitors of DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4): Vildagliptin, Sitagliptin, Saxagliptin
• No modification of hypoglycemic therapy and / or insulin secretors for at least 3 months

Specific criteria for control subjects:

• Nondiabetic subjects (fasting blood glucose <7.0 mmol / l without hypoglycemic treatment).
• The control subjects should be matched to patients for age (± 5 years), sex, and BMI (± 2 kg/m2).

Common criteria for patients and control subjects:

• Aged 18 to 60 years
• Body Mass Index between 25 and 35 kg/m2
• Accepting the constraints of the protocol and who signed the informed consent
• Systolic blood pressure < 160 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure < 90 mm Hg (with or without antihypertensive treatment)
• Resting heart rate between 55 and 100 beats/min.
• Normal laboratory tests or not clinically significant abnormality for NFS platelets, PT, aPTT, fibrinogen ALT, AST, GGT, Serum electrolytes, urea, creatinine, Uric acid Triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol
• HCG negative blood (for female subjects)
• Affiliated to the Social Security.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Current infections or recent infections (<10 days)
• Neoplastic disorders (with the exception of carcinoma in situ of the cervix or cutaneous epithelioma), haematological, cardiovascular, psychiatric, neurological
• Poisoning smoking (>10 cigarettes per day, what ever the duration of intoxication)
• Treatment with insulin or glitazones Pregnancy, Breastfeeding
• Body Mass Index > 35 kg/m2
• Any drug taken for less than 8 days without the inclusion of minor analgesics (aspirin, paracetamol), anti-hypertensive medications, oral hypoglycemic (metformin and sulphonylureas) and insulin secretors dependent glucose as inhibitors of DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) and oral contraceptives.