Urine CXCL10 Monitoring Trial in Kidney Transplant

April 28, 2026 updated by: University of Manitoba

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Urine CXCL10 Chemokine Monitoring Post-renal Transplant

This is a Phase II-III multi-center prospective randomized controlled clinical trial of incident adult renal transplant patients.

The primary objective of this study is to determine if the early treatment of rejection, as detected by urinary CXCL10, will improve renal allograft outcomes.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

This is a Phase II-III multi-center prospective randomized controlled clinical trial of incident adult renal transplant patients. Patients will be screened for eligibility (n≈485) and n≈420 will be enrolled and undergo post-transplant surveillance with urinary CXCL10. Two hundred and fifty patients deemed at high risk for rejection based on a confirmed elevated urine CXCL10 will undergo 1:1 randomization to the intervention and control arms, stratified by center. The total study duration is approximately 5 years; and there two main phases - screening and intervention.

All eligible, enrolled patients will undergo the Screening Phase (n≈420). Routine urine CXCL10 screening will be done from 2 weeks - 9 months post-transplant. We have previously shown that urine CXCL10 is elevated in ischemia-reperfusion injury, so screening will commence at 2 weeks (+/- 4 days) to exclude this as a potential confounding factor (60).

If patient develops a confirmed elevated urine CXCL10 level and is considered high risk for rejection, they will proceed to Randomization in the Intervention Phase, which can occur anytime between 2 weeks - 9 months post-transplant. Participants in the Intervention Arm will undergo renal biopsy to check for rejection. Biopsy-proven subclinical rejection will be treated per study protocol. Participants in the Control Arm will continue routine post-transplant surveillance with serum creatinine and proteinuria; serial urine samples will continue to be collected and analyzed (blinded), but not used to direct care. All randomized participants will undergo a 12-month study exit visit with protocol biopsy to determine primary, secondary and long-term outcomes.

Enrolled patients with persistently low urine CXCL10 and low risk of rejection from 2 weeks - 9 months post-transplant will be considered Off-Study (not randomized). They will undergo a 12-month study exit visit (+/- 7 days) to determine secondary and long-term outcomes.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
260

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Phase 2
  • Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Contact Backup

  • Name: Michelle Lesyk, RN, BN
  • Phone Number: 204-787-8590
  • Email: mlesyk@hsc.mb.ca

Study Locations

  • Australia
    • South Australia
      • Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, 5000
        • Royal Adelaide Hospital
  • Canada
    • Alberta
      • Calgary, Alberta, Canada
        • University of Calgary
    • Manitoba
      • Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3A 1R9
        • University of Manitoba, Transplant Manitoba Adult Kidney Program
    • Ontario
      • London, Ontario, Canada
        • Western University
      • Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
        • University of Ottawa
      • Toronto, Ontario, Canada
        • University Health Network, University of Toronto
    • Quebec
      • Montreal, Quebec, Canada
        • McGill
      • Montreal, Quebec, Canada
        • Centre de recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM)
      • Québec, Quebec, Canada
        • Université Laval

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

14 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Participants must be able to understand and provide written informed consent
  2. Stated willingness to comply with all study procedures and availability for the duration of the study
  3. All ethnic and gender groups will have equal access to the study
  4. Incident adult (age ≥18) renal transplant patients with a living or deceased donor kidney transplant
  5. Confirmed elevated urine CXCL10:Cr without a urinary tract infection or gross hematuria.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Primary non-function
  2. Blood group (ABO) incompatible
  3. Pre-transplant donor specific antibody (DSA) positive (MFI>1000 OR positive flow crossmatch)
  4. Human leukocyte (HLA) 0 HLA antigen D-related (DR) + 0 major HLA class 2 (DQ) mismatch
  5. Presence of other transplanted organ or co-transplanted organ
  6. Medical contraindication to biopsy or rejection treatment
  7. Followed outside of investigational center
  8. Participation in other interventional trials within 4-weeks post-transplant or anytime post-transplant till study end at 12-months
  9. Intention to not use a maintenance immunosuppression regimen consisting of calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) and anti-proliferative agents
  10. Any condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, would pose risk to the subject's safe participation, or interfere with their ability to comply with the study requirements, or may impact the quality of interpretation of the data.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Screening
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Intervention
Participants with high urine CXCL10 randomized to the Intervention Arm will undergo a kidney transplant biopsy to check for rejection. Biopsy-proven subclinical rejection will be treated per study protocol.
Procedure: Kidney transplant biopsy
Elevated urine CXCL10 will trigger a study biopsy in patients randomized to the intervention arm. Subclinical rejection will be treated per protocol.
Other Names:
  • Protocol biopsy
No Intervention: Control
Participants with high urine CXCL10 randomized to the Control Arm will continue routine post-transplant surveillance with serum creatinine and proteinuria; serial urine samples will continue to be collected and analyzed (blinded), but not used to direct care.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Death-censored graft loss
Time Frame: 2 weeks-12 months post-transplant
Return to dialysis or re-transplant
2 weeks-12 months post-transplant
Clinical indication biopsy-proven acute rejection
Time Frame: 2 weeks-12 months post-transplant
Clinical rejection, Banff criteria
2 weeks-12 months post-transplant
De novo donor specific antibody development
Time Frame: 2 weeks-12 months post-transplant
De novo human leukocyte antibody (HLA) antibodies, donor specific
2 weeks-12 months post-transplant
Subclinical tubulitis
Time Frame: 12-month study exit biopsy
Subclinical rejection, Banff criteria
12-month study exit biopsy
Interstitial fibrosis and inflammation (IFTA + i)
Time Frame: 12-month study exit biopsy
IFTA + i, defined by Mayo criteria
12-month study exit biopsy

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Renal allograft function
Time Frame: 6, 12, 24 and 60 months post-transplant
Change in eGFR (slope, ∆) and graft function (eGFR) (absolute, mL/min)
6, 12, 24 and 60 months post-transplant
Microvascular inflammation
Time Frame: 12-month study exit biopsy
Banff ptc, g, c4d, cg
12-month study exit biopsy
Development IFTA from implantation to 12-months
Time Frame: 12-month study exit biopsy
Banff ∆ ci, ct, cv
12-month study exit biopsy
Days from transplantation to clinical-biopsy proven rejection
Time Frame: 2 weeks-12 months post-transplant
Time to biopsy proven rejection
2 weeks-12 months post-transplant
Albuminuria >300mg/day
Time Frame: 6, 12, 24 and 60 months post-transplant
Urine albumin: Cr ratio
6, 12, 24 and 60 months post-transplant
Cost-effectiveness of urine CXCL10 monitoring strategy
Time Frame: 2 weeks-12 months post-transplant
Costs of urine CXCL10 screening
2 weeks-12 months post-transplant
Quality of life
Time Frame: 6 and 12 months post-transplant
EuroQOL (EQ-5DL)
6 and 12 months post-transplant
Urine CXCL10 kinetics
Time Frame: 2 weeks-12 months post-transplant
Change in urine CXCL10 levels in response to rejection therapy
2 weeks-12 months post-transplant

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
University of Manitoba

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Canadian National Transplant Research Program

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Julie Ho, MD, University of Manitoba

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
April 3, 2018

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
June 6, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
September 26, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
June 28, 2017

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 29, 2017

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
July 2, 2017

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
May 5, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 28, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
April 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • B2017:076
  • 364003 (Other Grant/Funding Number: Canadian Institutes of Health Research)
  • TMCT-04 (Other Identifier: Transplant Manitoba)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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