The Effect of Emotional Intelligence in Reducing Job Stress (EI)

August 18, 2021 updated by: Mehdi Nasr Isfahani, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

The Effect of Training on the Promotion of Emotional Intelligence and Its Indirect Role in Reducing Job Stress in the Emergency Department

Abstract Background: Emergency Medicine Wards (EMWs) are among the most stressful wards of hospitals. Emotional Intelligence (EI) seems to be one of the factors that can aid individuals in overcoming environmental stresses. Therefore, the present study aimed at evaluating the role of training in improving EI skills and addressing its indirect effect on reducing job stress of emergency medical assistants in the emergency department.

Materials and Methods: In the present study, 20 emergency medical assistants were trained in EI skills while 22 assistants received no training. Then, all participants' EI level and job stress were assessed and compared before and after the intervention using the Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory(EQ-i) and the Osipow job stress questionnaire, respectively.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Individuals in the control group did not receive any training while individuals in the intervention group received the pertinent training. The duration of the training for the intervention group was 16 hours (four four-hour sessions). The whole training process lasted for one month. EI training sessions were held and managed by two experienced instructors selected from medical education specialists with sufficient experience in conducting EI training. Both instructors attended the sessions, presented the content, videos, slides, and brochures with the help of each other, and managed related scenarios in each session.

It should be noted that the instructors as well as the participants had no information about the initial scores of EI and job stress recorded before the training intervention.

At the beginning of the first session, the basic definitions and concepts of EI were discussed, and the common environmental stressors were described from the perspective of emergency medical assistants. Moreover, a succinct description of the benefits of EI training and practice was provided. After the initial introduction, a number of EI skills were taught in each session by presenting videos, slides, and brochures. Then, participants were engaged in discussions by presenting scenarios related to EI skills in the concluding hours of each session to offer more content load. These scenarios recounted the situation of an individual facing a problem and encompassed a list of suggested reactions including the reasons behind each reaction that an observer was supposed to indicate. Scenarios were generally implemented in smaller groups in such a way that some scenarios were distributed and discussed among all participants. The assistants were questioned about identifying the source of the concern, the cause of the concern, potential environmental factors, and how a personal perspective affects their response to the situation. Other scenarios were distributed among the smaller groups and discussed by each groups' representative. Each group presented their analysis and argumentation of the scenario, and then the relevant questions were answered by providing the reasons. The sessions ended with the instructor summarizing different opinions on each of the scenarios (19).

It should be mentioned that to prevent fatigue and obtain better efficiency, participants (emergency medical assistants) were served twice during each session. Moreover, considering the possibility of the interference of emergency medical assistants' work shifts, it was planned in coordination with the Deputy Minister of Education that the emergency medical assistants would not have any work shifts and would not even be on duty over the four days of training.

Outcomes At the end of the last training session, two questionnaires of EQ-I and Osipow were filled out by the participants of the intervention group. In addition, the participants of the control group were contacted and asked to fill out these two questionnaires by visiting them in person (on the last day of the training session related to the intervention group). If the participant in the control group did not meet the conditions for the face-to-face visit, the questions were read to them on the phone and their choice was recorded.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
42

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Emergency Medicine Residents

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Refraining to participate

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Triple

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: EI skills training
Individuals in the intervention group received the pertinent training. The duration of the training for the intervention group was 16 hours (four four-hour sessions). The whole training process lasted for one month. EI training sessions were held and managed by two experienced instructors selected from medical education specialists with sufficient experience in conducting EI training. Both instructors attended the sessions, presented the content, videos, slides, and brochures with the help of each other, and managed related scenarios in each session.
Other: EI skills training
EI training sessions were held and managed by two experienced instructors selected from medical education specialists with sufficient experience in conducting EI training. Both instructors attended the sessions, presented the content, videos, slides, and brochures with the help of each other, and managed related scenarios in each session.
No Intervention: Control
Individuals in the control group did not receive any training

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
EQ-I Bar-On Questionnaire
Time Frame: 30 days
The EQ-I was first developed by Bar-On in 1980 and consists of 90 items, each of which is answered based on a 5-point Likert scale from 5: strongly agree to 1: strongly disagree
30 days

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Osipow job stress Questionnaire
Time Frame: 30 days
The Osipow job stress questionnaire was first developed by Osipow and Spokane in 1987 and consists of 60 items, each of which is answered based on a 5-point Likert scale from 4: most of the time to 0: never.
30 days

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
March 10, 2017

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
May 10, 2017

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
December 17, 2017

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
August 16, 2021

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 18, 2021

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
August 20, 2021

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
August 20, 2021

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 18, 2021

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
August 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 960235

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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