Effects of Virtual Reality MRI Preparedness

October 27, 2023 updated by: Jeffrey I Gold, PhD, Children's Hospital Los Angeles
Magnetic resonance imaging is an important and increasingly prevalent imaging modality used in healthcare. Children often find the procedure anxiety provoking causing difficulty in staying still and providing quality images. The use of preparation techniques including play therapy and role play utilizing such tools as a fiberglass mock MRI have shown to reduce anxiety and facilitate better image quality. Modalities of preparation including Virtual Reality (VR) pose as an alternative to habituate children for a MRI procedure.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
21

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • California
      • Los Angeles, California, United States, 90027
        • Children's Hospital Los Angeles

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

8 years to 9 years (Child)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Child is between the ages of 8-9 years inclusive
  • Child scheduled for a clinical MRI at CHLA.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Child is younger than 8 years or older than 9 years. These are the bottom end of age ranges that are frequently sedated.
  • Children who have metal in their bodies that cannot participant in an MRI.
  • Medical history that may affect brain development that may confound ability to complete an MRI without sedation.
  • Children suffering from epilepsy or history of seizures who may react poorly to a virtual reality intervention.
  • Child who has a history of MRI acquisition where habituation and preparedness may not be needed.
  • Child with English as a second language due to restrictions of research team.
  • Child with implantable medical devices or personal medical devices that may be affected by the study device's radio waves

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Triple

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
No Intervention: Standard of Care (No VR) Randomization
Participants would take the same questionnaires as the VR interventional group except the RT questionnaire. Then they will proceed with their MRI.
Experimental: VR Randomization
The virtual reality MRI training will be conducted immediately after completion of the questionnaires in a distraction free room. The training explains the procedure to the viewer and addresses common questions that individuals often have regarding an MRI. Using audio/visual cues and biofeedback training is aimed to mimic the experience of the MRI with real audio recordings of image acquisition, in order to adequately train the view to stay still in an MRI procedure. The research subject will continue with their regularly scheduled MRI. The modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS) is an observational measure and will be completed by research staff.
Device: Pico G2 4k
On this virtual reality headset, it will be loaded with an educational virtual reality mock MRI training titled "Ready Teddy". This training explains the procedure to the viewer and addresses common questions that individuals often have regarding an MRI. Furthermore, using audio/visual cues, when the viewer moves their head too much in a MRI like setting they are reminded to stay still. Biofeedback training is aimed to mimic the experience of the MRI with real audio recordings of image acquisition, in order to adequately train the view to stay still in an MRI procedure.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index (CASI)
Time Frame: Approximately 5 minutes to one hour before procedure
This 18-item measure utilizes a three-point Likert scale (none (1), some (2), a lot (3)) to assess how negatively patients view anxiety symptoms. Items are summed with a higher score indicating greater anxiety sensitivity.
Approximately 5 minutes to one hour before procedure
Number of Participants with Successful Imaging without Sedation
Time Frame: Up to thirty minutes after intervention
A successful image will be produced after MRI. Failure would mean the child is rescheduled for another MRI with sedation.
Up to thirty minutes after intervention
Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
Time Frame: Approximately 5 minutes to one hour before intervention
The VAS anticipatory anxiety measure is a vertical VAS, anchored with 0 at the bottom indicating the least amount and 10 at the top indicating the greatest amount, in response to the instruction to rate "how nervous, afraid, or worried" they were about the upcoming task. The scale also has color cues, graded from yellow at the bottom to dark red at the top, as well as a neutral face at the bottom and a face showing a negative expression at the top. Prior research used the VAS to rate anticipatory anxiety and pain in children
Approximately 5 minutes to one hour before intervention
Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R)
Time Frame: Approximately 5 minutes to one hour before procedure
Revised is an updated version of the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale depicting no pain as a neutral expression as compared with the smiling face of the original measure. The child is asked to point to the face cartoon that depicts how they are currently feeling because of their pain. Face measures are thought to measure pain intensity, and the Wong-Baker Faces measure has demonstrated good reliability and validity.
Approximately 5 minutes to one hour before procedure
Child Anxiety Meter State (CAM-S)
Time Frame: Approximately 5 minutes to one hour before procedure
The child is asked to color a thermometer that has ten marks to indicate their level of anxiety they feel at the moment. The meter can be translated to a 0-10 scale with higher score indicating greater anxiety.
Approximately 5 minutes to one hour before procedure
Child Anxiety Meter Trait (CAM-T)
Time Frame: Approximately 5 minutes to one hour before procedure
The child is asked to color a thermometer that has ten marks to indicate their level of anxiety they usually feel at home. The meter can be translated to a 0-10 scale with higher score indicating greater anxiety.
Approximately 5 minutes to one hour before procedure

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Demographics
Time Frame: Up to one hour before intervention
24 Item questionnaire which asks parents demographic questions regarding socioeconomic data.
Up to one hour before intervention

Other Outcome Measures

Other Outcome Measures

For clinical trials, a planned measurement described in the protocol that is used to determine the effect of an intervention/treatment on participants. For observational studies, a measurement or observation that is used to describe patterns of diseases or traits, or associations with exposures, risk factors, or treatment. Types of outcome measures include primary outcome measure and secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Satisfaction Questionnaire
Time Frame: Immediately after intervention
45 item questionnaire using a four point scale (strongly agree, agree, disagree, and strongly disagree) to gauge ease of use and satisfaction using the VR headset. Higher scores reflect greater satisfaction.
Immediately after intervention

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Children's Hospital Los Angeles

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
Lumeum Inc.

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Jeffrey I Gold, PhD, Children's Hospital Los Angeles

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
February 23, 2022

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
August 1, 2023

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
August 1, 2023

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
October 8, 2021

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
October 8, 2021

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
October 20, 2021

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
October 31, 2023

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
October 27, 2023

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
October 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • CHLA-21-00107

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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