PNF Method for Those Working in Special Education

June 17, 2024 updated by: ebrar atak, Istanbul Medipol University Hospital

Acute Effect of Self-PNF Stretching on Chest Mobility, Posterior Muscle Chain Mobility and Respiratory Functions in Caregivers of Children With Developmental Delays

The aim of the study was to examine the acute effect of self-proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching on chest mobility, posterior muscle chain mobility and respiratory functions in caregivers of children with developmental delays. In the study: 1. Does self-PNF stretching have an effect on chest mobility and posterior muscle chain mobility in caregivers of children with developmental delay? 2. Does self-PNF stretching have an effect on respiratory functions in caregivers of children with developmental delays? The questions were answered.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

A cross-over randomized controlled study was designed with 30 caregivers of children with developmental disabilities. Using the online randomization method, caregivers were first assigned to either the PNF stretching group or the static stretching group. Before and after the application, rib cage mobility was evaluated by chest circumference measurement, hamstring muscle mobility by popliteal angle measurement, lumbar region mobility by Schober Test, posterior muscle chain mobility by Finger-Floor Distance Measurement Test, and respiratory functions by Respiratory Function Test. The caregiver, who entered a 1-day cleansing period, repeated the evaluation and technique application with the stretching technique that was not applied the next day.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
30

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey
      • Yalova, Turkey, 77100
        • Ebrar Atak

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Volunteering to participate in the study
  • No history of infection or flare in the previous 4 weeks
  • Participants who have not been included in another clinical trial in the last month
  • Those whose knee flexion angle is 15 degrees and above in the hamstring muscle shortness test

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Vestibular disorders, participants with known balance impairment within the past three months due to concussion
  • Those with musculoskeletal system problems in their lower extremities
  • Those who had lower extremity and thorax surgery in the last year
  • Those with metabolic diseases

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: PNF Stretching Group
The PNF stretching method for each muscle was applied to the athlete in the form of self-stretching by the participant, with the direct treatment concept of hold and relax technique, with the training of a specialist physiotherapist. The muscle to be stretched (the antagonist muscle for the pattern - the muscle that causes the limitation) was first brought to the position where it could be extended, and at that point, the stretched muscle was contracted submaximally (65% of the intensity determined according to the Stretch Intensity Scale) for 5 seconds, causing isometric contraction. Then, the athlete was given 5 relax commands for the tense muscle. Then, the stretched muscle was stretched as far as it could go, and the muscle that needed to be stretched was passively stretched for 20 seconds (1 set). After a 5-second rest interval, the method was repeated and 8 sets (lasting 4 minutes) were performed for 1 muscle. Stretching was done on the hamstring muscle.
Other: PNF Stretching
PNF was applied to the hamstring muscle, with a 1-day washout period in between.
Other: Static Stretching Group
Classical static stretching was applied to the hamstring muscle in the same position for 30 seconds each, 8 repetitions, a total of 4 minutes for one leg and 8 minutes for both legs, in the stance position of PNF stretching.
Other: Static Stretching
Static stretching was applied to the hamstring muscle, with a 1-day washout period in between.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Chest Mobility Measurement 1- Axillary region
Time Frame: Duration of change in 1 day.
Normal resting tidal volume, chest width during maximum inspiration and maximum expiration were measured from the axillary region with a tape measure and recorded in centimeters.
Duration of change in 1 day.
Chest Mobility Measurement 2- Xiphoid region
Time Frame: Duration of change in 1 day.
Normal resting tidal volume, chest width during maximum inspiration and maximum expiration were measured from the xiphoid (epigastric) region with a tape measure and recorded in centimeters.
Duration of change in 1 day.
Chest Mobility Measurement 3- Subcostal region
Time Frame: Duration of change in 1 day.
Normal resting tidal volume, chest width during maximum inspiration and maximum expiration were measured from the subcostal region with a tape measure and recorded in centimeters.
Duration of change in 1 day.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Popliteal Angle Measurement
Time Frame: Duration of change in 1 day.
Hamstring muscle flexibility measurement. A digital goniometer was used.
Duration of change in 1 day.
Schober Test
Time Frame: Duration of change in 1 day.
Lumbar mobility was evaluated with the Schober Test. A tape measure was used in the testing procedure.
Duration of change in 1 day.
Posterior muscle chain mobility measurement
Time Frame: Duration of change in 1 day.
Posterior muscle chain mobility was evaluated with the Finger-Floor Distance Test. A tape measure was used in the testing procedure.
Duration of change in 1 day.
FVC Measurement
Time Frame: Duration of change in 1 day.
Respiratory Function Test. The COSMED microQuark spirometer used. Lung volume was evaluated.
Duration of change in 1 day.
FEV1 Measurement
Time Frame: Duration of change in 1 day.
Respiratory Function Test. The COSMED microQuark spirometer used. Lung volume was evaluated.
Duration of change in 1 day.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Istanbul Medipol University Hospital

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
Istanbul Gedik University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
November 4, 2023

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
March 12, 2024

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
June 6, 2024

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
June 7, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 17, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
June 20, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
June 20, 2024

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 17, 2024

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
June 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • PNFEffectsForCaregiver

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

It will be evaluated if the researchers are contacted via their e-mail addresses.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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