Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Untreated Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Phase II Study in Adults With Untreated Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Testing Increased Doses of Daunorubicin During Induction, and Cytarabine During Consolidation, Followed by High-Dose Methotrexate and Intrathecal Methotrexate in Place of Cranial Irradiation

RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop cancer cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Combining more than one drug may kill more cancer cells.

PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of combination chemotherapy in treating patients who have untreated acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Leukemia
• Intervention / Treatment: Biological: G-CSF; Drug: asparaginase; Drug: cyclophosphamide; Drug: cytarabine; Drug: daunorubicin hydrochloride; Drug: leucovorin calcium; Drug: mercaptopurine; Drug: methotrexate; Drug: prednisone; Drug: vincristine sulfate; Drug: Allopurinol

Detailed Description

OBJECTIVES:

• Determine the complete response rate and toxicity of escalating doses of daunorubicin in patients under 60 years old with untreated acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
• Determine the complete response rate and toxicity of a constant dose of daunorubicin in patients at least 60 years old with untreated ALL.
• Determine the toxicity of high dose cytarabine during postremission therapy in these patients.
• Determine the CNS relapse rate of ALL when prophylactic intrathecal methotrexate and high-dose intravenous chemotherapy replace cranial irradiation.

OUTLINE:

• Course I: Patients are assigned to 1 of 2 induction treatment groups based on age.

  • Group 1 (under age 60): Patients receive cyclophosphamide IV over 15-30 minutes on day 1, escalating doses of daunorubicin IV over 5-10 minutes on days 1-3, vincristine IV on days 1, 8, 15, and 22, oral prednisone on days 1-21, asparaginase intramuscularly on days 5, 8, 11, 15, 18, and 22, and filgrastim (G-CSF) subcutaneously (SC) beginning on day 4 and continuing for at least 7 days and then until blood counts recover.
  • Group 2 (age 60 and over): Patients receive vincristine, asparaginase, cyclophosphamide, and G-CSF as in group 1, fixed dose daunorubicin IV over 5-10 minutes on days 1-3, and oral prednisone on days 1-7.

Patients are then evaluated for bone marrow cellularity on day 29. Those with M0, M1, or M2 cellularity proceed to course II. Patients with M3 cellularity may proceed to course II or be removed from study.

• Course II (early intensification): Patients receive intrathecal methotrexate and cyclophosphamide IV over 15-30 minutes on day 1, cytarabine IV over 3 hours on days 1-3, and G-CSF SC beginning on day 4.

Bone marrow is again examined on day 29. Patients with M0 or M1 cellularity after course I and no sign of relapse after course II proceed to course III. Patients with M2 or M3 cellularity after course I must have M0 or M1 cellularity after course II to proceed to course III. Patients with M2 or M3 cellularity after course II are removed from study.

• Course III: Patients receive intrathecal methotrexate, vincristine IV, and methotrexate IV over 3 hours on days 1, 8, and 15 and oral methotrexate every 6 hours for 4 doses beginning 6 hours after starting methotrexate IV on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16. Patients receive leucovorin calcium IV 6 hours after the last oral methotrexate dose on days 2, 9, and 16 and oral leucovorin calcium beginning 12 hours after leucovorin calcium IV for at least 4 doses on days 3, 4, 10, 11, 17, and 18.

Patients must be off leucovorin calcium for a minimum of 3 days before beginning days 8 and 15 of treatment. Patients who maintain M0 or M1 cellularity on day 29 of course III continue therapy. Those with M2 or M3 cellularity after course III are removed from the study.

• Course IV (Late intensification): Repeat course I.
• Course V (Late intensification): Repeat course II.
• Course VI (CNS intensification): Repeat course III.
• Course VII (Prolonged maintenance): Patients receive oral mercaptopurine daily, vincristine IV once every 4 weeks, oral prednisone on days 1-5, and oral methotrexate on days 1, 8, 15, and 22. Courses repeat every 4 weeks for up to 18 months.

Patients with testicular disease receive gonadal radiotherapy anytime after course I. Chemotherapy is not halted during radiotherapy.

Patients are followed every 3 months for 1 year, every 6 months for 2 years, and then annually for 10 years.

PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 140 patients will be accrued for this study within 15 months.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 163
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Alabama
    • Birmingham, Alabama, United States, 35233
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Birmingham
  • California
    • La Jolla, California, United States, 92093-0658
      • University of California San Diego Cancer Center
    • San Francisco, California, United States, 94121
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - San Francisco
    • San Francisco, California, United States, 94115-0128
      • UCSF Cancer Center and Cancer Research Institute
  • Delaware
    • Wilmington, Delaware, United States, 19899
      • CCOP - Christiana Care Health Services
  • District of Columbia
    • Washington, District of Columbia, United States, 20307-5000
      • Walter Reed Army Medical Center
    • Washington, District of Columbia, United States, 20007
      • Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University
  • Florida
    • Miami Beach, Florida, United States, 33140
      • CCOP - Mount Sinai Medical Center
  • Illinois
    • Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60612
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Chicago (Westside Hospital)
    • Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60637
      • University of Chicago Cancer Research Center
    • Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60612
      • University of Illinois at Chicago Health Sciences Center
  • Iowa
    • Iowa City, Iowa, United States, 52242
      • University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics
  • Maine
    • Togus, Maine, United States, 04330
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Togus
  • Maryland
    • Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21201
      • Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland
  • Massachusetts
    • Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02115
      • Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
    • Worcester, Massachusetts, United States, 01655
      • University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center
  • Minnesota
    • Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, 55417
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Minneapolis
  • Missouri
    • Columbia, Missouri, United States, 65201
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Columbia (Truman Memorial)
    • Columbia, Missouri, United States, 65203
      • Ellis Fischel Cancer Center - Columbia
    • Saint Louis, Missouri, United States, 63110
      • Barnes-Jewish Hospital
  • Nebraska
    • Omaha, Nebraska, United States, 68198-3330
      • University of Nebraska Medical Center
  • Nevada
    • Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, 89106
      • CCOP - Southern Nevada Cancer Research Foundation
  • New Hampshire
    • Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States, 03756
      • Norris Cotton Cancer Center
  • New Jersey
    • Camden, New Jersey, United States, 08103
      • Cooper Cancer Institute
    • Livingston, New Jersey, United States, 07039
      • St. Barnabas Medical Center
    • Paterson, New Jersey, United States, 07503
      • St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center
  • New York
    • Buffalo, New York, United States, 14263-0001
      • Roswell Park Cancer Institute
    • Buffalo, New York, United States, 14215
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Buffalo
    • Manhasset, New York, United States, 11030
      • CCOP - North Shore University Hospital
    • Manhasset, New York, United States, 11030
      • North Shore University Hospital
    • New York, New York, United States, 10021
      • Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
    • New York, New York, United States, 10021
      • New York Presbyterian Hospital - Cornell Campus
    • New York, New York, United States, 10029
      • Mount Sinai Medical Center, NY
    • Syracuse, New York, United States, 13210
      • State University of New York - Upstate Medical University
    • Syracuse, New York, United States, 13210
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Syracuse
    • Syracuse, New York, United States, 13210
      • CCOP - Syracuse Hematology-Oncology Associates of Central New York, P.C.
  • North Carolina
    • Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States, 27599-7295
      • Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC
    • Durham, North Carolina, United States, 27705
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Durham
    • Durham, North Carolina, United States, 27710
      • Duke Comprehensive Cancer Center
    • Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States, 27104-4241
      • CCOP - Southeast Cancer Control Consortium
    • Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States, 27157-1082
      • Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center
  • Ohio
    • Columbus, Ohio, United States, 43210
      • Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital - Ohio State University
  • Rhode Island
    • Providence, Rhode Island, United States, 02903
      • Rhode Island Hospital
  • South Carolina
    • Charleston, South Carolina, United States, 29425-0721
      • Medical University of South Carolina
  • Tennessee
    • Memphis, Tennessee, United States, 38103
      • University of Tennessee, Memphis Cancer Center
    • Memphis, Tennessee, United States, 38104
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Memphis
  • Vermont
    • Burlington, Vermont, United States, 05401-3498
      • Vermont Cancer Center
    • White River Junction, Vermont, United States, 05009
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - White River Junction
  • Virginia
    • Richmond, Virginia, United States, 23298-0037
      • MBCCOP - Massey Cancer Center
    • Richmond, Virginia, United States, 23249
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Richmond

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 15 years and older (Child, Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

1. Any other serious illnesses which would limit survival to <2 years, or psychiatric condition which would prevent compliance with treatment or informed consent.
2. Uncontrolled or severe cardiovascular disease.
3. History of pancreatitis or overt coagulopathy (prior cerebrovascular accident or hemorrhage, transient ischemic attack or deep venous thrombosis).
4. Elevations in bilirubin, creatinine, or amylase that may suggest impaired hepatic, renal, or pancreatic function must be considered as potentially serious obstacles for safe tolerance of the therapy prescribed in this protocol.
5. Prior use of the agents administered in this protocol for other non-malignant disease may reduce the likelihood of beneficial outcome, and should also be considered prior to enrolling patients.

6. Treatment under this protocol would expose an unborn child to significant risks.

   Women and men of reproductive potential should agree to use an effective means of birth control.

7. Unequivocal histologic diagnosis of Acute Lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), FAB L1-or L2 or Acute Undifferentiated Leukemia (AUL).
8. Age ≥ 15 years

9. Prior Treatment: No prior treatment for leukemia, with three permissible exceptions:

   i. emergency leukapheresis; ii. emergency treatment for hyperleukocytosis with hydroxyurea; iii. cranial RT for CNS leukostasis (one dose only).

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Non-Randomized
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Intervention / Treatment

Experimental: Daunorubicin, ara-C, & MTX Therapy; daunorubicin during induction, increasing doses of cytarabine during consolidation followed by methotrexate in place of cranial irradiation for treatment of ALL

Biological: G-CSF; Courses I, II, IV, V: 5 ug/kg/d subQ injection Day 4 until ANC > 5,000 uL after nadir: 7 day minimum for Courses I & IV; Other Names: filgrastim; Drug: asparaginase; 6000 U/sq m subQ or IM injection 2X/wk for 6 doses starting on Day 5: Courses I & IV; Drug: cyclophosphamide; 1200 mg/sq m IV infusion over 15-30 min Day 1 Courses I & IV (pts < 60y/o) 1000 mg/sq m IV infusion over 15-30 min Day 1 Courses II & V; Drug: cytarabine; 2000 mg/sq m IV infusion over 3 hrs Days 1,2, & 3: Courses II & V; Other Names: ara-C; Drug: daunorubicin hydrochloride; 80mg/sq m (pts<60y/o)OR 60mg/sq m (pts =/>60y/o) IV infusion over 5-10 min Days 1,2,& 3: Courses I & IV; Drug: leucovorin calcium; Courses III & VI: 25mg/sq m IV infusion Days 2, 9, and 16 5mg/sq m PO q 6 hr for 8 doses or until serum MTX <0.05 uM after ea IV dose; Drug: mercaptopurine; 60mg/sq m/d PO every day Course VII; Drug: methotrexate; 15mg intrathecal Day 1 Courses II & V 1000mg/sq m IV infusion over 3 hrs Days 1, 8, & 15 and 25mg/sq m PO q 6hr x 4 doses after ea IV dose: Courses III & VI.; Drug: prednisone; 60mg/sq m/day PO Days 1-21 (pts<60y/o) OR Days 1-7 (pts >/= 60y/o) Courses I & IV and Days 1-5 of ea 4 cycle in Course VII; Drug: vincristine sulfate; 2 mg total IV infusion Days 1,8,15,& 22 Courses I & IV and Days 1, 8, & 15 Courses III & VI, and Day 1 of ea 4 wk cycle in Course VII; Drug: Allopurinol; 300mg PO q day Days 1-14 Course I

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Complete Response	6 months post treatment

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Toxicity	prior to ea tx and ea maintenance course
CNS relapse rate	before ea tx, q 3 mon for 1 yr, q 6 mon for 2 yrs, then yrly up to 10 yrs

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology
• Collaborators: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
• Investigators: Study Chair: Wendy Stock, MD, University of Chicago

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Stock W, Yu D, Johnson J, et al.: Intensified Daunorubicin during induction and post-remission therapy of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): results of CALGB 19802. [Abstract] Blood 102 (11 Pt 1): A-1375, 2003.
• Stock W, Dodge RK, Vardiman JW, et al.: Treatment of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): phase II trial of dose intensification of Daunorubicin and Cytarabine followed by high-dose Methotrexate and intrathecal Methotrexate in place of cranial irradiation (CALGB 19802). [Abstract] Blood 98 (11 Pt 1): A-2472, 2001.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: January 1, 1999
• Primary Completion (Actual): February 1, 2004
• Study Completion (Actual): January 1, 2010

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 1, 1999
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 19, 2004
• First Posted (Estimate): May 20, 2004

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): July 6, 2016
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 1, 2016
• Last Verified: July 1, 2016

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: L1 adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia; L2 adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia; untreated adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Immune System Diseases; Neoplasms by Histologic Type; Neoplasms; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Lymphatic Diseases; Immunoproliferative Disorders; Leukemia; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Anti-Infective Agents; Antiviral Agents; Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; Enzyme Inhibitors; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antirheumatic Agents; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Antimetabolites; Antineoplastic Agents; Immunosuppressive Agents; Immunologic Factors; Tubulin Modulators; Antimitotic Agents; Mitosis Modulators; Glucocorticoids; Hormones; Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Protective Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Alkylating Agents; Myeloablative Agonists; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; Topoisomerase Inhibitors; Dermatologic Agents; Micronutrients; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Vitamins; Reproductive Control Agents; Antioxidants; Antidotes; Vitamin B Complex; Free Radical Scavengers; Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal; Abortifacient Agents; Folic Acid Antagonists; Gout Suppressants; Cyclophosphamide; Leucovorin; Levoleucovorin; Prednisone; Cytarabine; Methotrexate; Vincristine; Daunorubicin; Asparaginase; Mercaptopurine; Allopurinol
• Other Study ID Numbers: CALGB-19802; U10CA031946 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract); CDR0000066807 (Registry Identifier: NCI Physician Data Query)