- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT00501839
Clomiphene Citrate in Infertile PCOS Patients
How Long Should First-line Treatment be Continued in Infertile PCOS Patients Who Ovulate Under Clomiphene Citrate? A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study.
Anovulatory infertility is a common feature of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Clomiphene citrate (CC) represents the first therapeutic option for treating the anovulatory infertility in PCOS patients because it is characterized by low costs, limited dose-dependent side effects, and simplicity of administration and management due to no need for ongoing monitoring.
Excellent results in terms of ovulations have been obtained using CC. However, only 50% of patients who ovulates under CC will conceive. The exact explanation for the discrepancy between the ovulation and pregnancy rates is unknown, but several hypotheses on the anti-estrogenic effects that CC exerts on the ovary and uterus have been suggested.
To date, few data are available on the optimal schedule for CC administration, and it is unknown how long patients who ovulate under CC should continue treatment before switching to second-line ovulation induction therapy. The aim of the study was to define the clinical benefits of CC administration according to its duration of administration.
Study Overview
Status
Conditions
Intervention / Treatment
Detailed Description
Infertile PCOS patients who had three previous ovulatory cycles under CC will be enrolled and randomized in three groups (groups A, B, and C). In group A, patients will receive cyclic progestogens for nine months; in group B, patients will continue CC treatment for further three cycles at the same ovulating doses followed by six months of cyclic progestogens; and in group C, patients will continue CC administration at the same ovulating doses for nine cycles. In each case, CC will be administered using a traditional incremental-doses protocol up to 150 mg daily.
All patients eligible will undergo baseline assessment consisting of anthropometric, hormonal, and ultrasonographic evaluations. During the study, the clinical and reproductive outcomes, and the adverse experience will be evaluated in each patient.
Data will be analyzed using the intention-to-treat principle and a P value of 0.05 or less will be considered significant. Continuous variables will be analyzed with the unpaired t test and general linear model for repeated measures analysis with Bonferroni test for the post-hoc analysis as required. For categorical variables, the Pearson chi-square and Fisher's exact tests will be used. Cumulative pregnancy rate, our primary end-point, will be calculated by the Kaplan-Maier method, and the differences between the two groups will be assessed with the log-rank test. Cox proportional-hazards model will be used to calculate the hazard ratio for new pregnancy in both groups.
Study Type
Phase
- Phase 4
Contacts and Locations
Study Locations
-
-
Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
-
Catanzaro, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy, Italy, 88100
- Pugliese Hospital
-
-
Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Genders Eligible for Study
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (using NIH criteria)
- Anovulatory infertility (using WHO criteria)
- Previous three CC-stimulated ovulatory cycles
Exclusion Criteria:
- Age <18 or >35 years
- Severe obesity (BMI >35)
- Neoplastic, metabolic, hepatic, and cardiovascular disorders or other concurrent medical illnesses
- Hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinemia, Cushing's syndrome, and non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia
- Current or previous (within the last six months) use of oral contraceptives, glucocorticoids, antiandrogens, antidiabetic and anti-obesity drugs or other hormonal drugs
- Intention to start a diet or a specific program of physical activity
- Organic pelvic diseases
- Previous pelvic surgery
- Suspected peritoneal factor infertility
- Tubal or male factor infertility or sub-fertility
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Treatment
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
- Masking: None (Open Label)
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
Active Comparator: Group A
Cyclic progestogens for nine months
|
|
Active Comparator: Group B
CC treatment for further three cycles at the same ovulating doses followed by six months of cyclic progestogens
|
|
Active Comparator: Group C
CC administration at the same ovulating doses for nine cycles
|
What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Time Frame |
---|---|
Cumulative pregnancy rate
Time Frame: 12 months
|
12 months
|
Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Time Frame |
---|---|
Ovulation rate Abortion rate Live-birth rate Adverse events Multiple pregnancy rate
Time Frame: 21 months
|
21 months
|
Collaborators and Investigators
Sponsor
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Stefano Palomba, MD, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro
- Principal Investigator: Francesco Orio, MD, Department of Endocrinology, University "Federico II" of Naples
- Principal Investigator: Achille Tolino, MD, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University "Federico II" of Naples
Publications and helpful links
General Publications
- Palomba S, Orio F Jr, Falbo A, Russo T, Tolino A, Zullo F. Clomiphene citrate versus metformin as first-line approach for the treatment of anovulation in infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Sep;92(9):3498-503. doi: 10.1210/jc.2007-1009. Epub 2007 Jun 26.
- Palomba S, Orio F Jr, Falbo A, Manguso F, Russo T, Cascella T, Tolino A, Carmina E, Colao A, Zullo F. Prospective parallel randomized, double-blind, double-dummy controlled clinical trial comparing clomiphene citrate and metformin as the first-line treatment for ovulation induction in nonobese anovulatory women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Jul;90(7):4068-74. doi: 10.1210/jc.2005-0110. Epub 2005 Apr 19.
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start
Primary Completion (Actual)
Study Completion
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Estimate)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Estimate)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
- Neoplasms
- Endocrine System Diseases
- Ovarian Cysts
- Cysts
- Ovarian Diseases
- Adnexal Diseases
- Gonadal Disorders
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
- Infertility
- Physiological Effects of Drugs
- Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists
- Hormone Antagonists
- Estrogen Antagonists
- Reproductive Control Agents
- Fertility Agents, Female
- Fertility Agents
- Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators
- Estrogen Receptor Modulators
- Clomiphene
- Enclomiphene
- Zuclomiphene
Other Study ID Numbers
- 05/2006a
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.
This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.
Clinical Trials on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
-
Cairo UniversityCompleted
-
Alexandria UniversityRecruitingPolycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)Egypt
-
Saudi German Hospital - MadinahCompletedPolycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)Saudi Arabia
-
University of CopenhagenCompletedPolycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)Denmark
-
Odense University HospitalCompleted
-
Poznan University of Medical SciencesUniversity of California, DavisUnknownPolycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)Poland
-
Assaf-Harofeh Medical CenterUnknownInfertility | Polycystic OvariesIsrael
-
Mansoura UniversityNot yet recruitingPCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) of Bilateral Ovaries
-
Riphah International UniversityCompleted
-
Dexa Medica GroupCompletedPolycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)Indonesia
Clinical Trials on clomiphene citrate
-
Dinesh Khanna, MD, MSBayerCompletedScleroderma | Digital UlcersUnited States
-
Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical...Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing; Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and other collaboratorsUnknownPolycystic Ovarian Syndrome | Hyperprolactinemia | Anovulatory Infertility | Abnormal Uterine Bleeding-Ovulatory Disorders | Luteinized Unruptured Follicle Syndrome | Corpus Luteum Insufficiency | Ovarian Insufficiency
-
Weill Medical College of Cornell UniversityRecruitingTestosterone DeficiencyUnited States
-
Mansoura UniversityCompletedPolycystic Ovary SyndromeEgypt
-
University Magna GraeciaUnknownAnovulatory Infertility Related to Polycystic Ovary SyndromeItaly
-
The Cleveland ClinicWithdrawnInfertility | EndometriosisUnited States
-
University of AthensLito Maternity HospitalUnknown
-
The Egyptian IVF-ET CenterUnknown
-
Royan InstituteCompletedInfertilityIran, Islamic Republic of