Pazopanib Hydrochloride in Treating Patients With Advanced Thyroid Cancer

A Phase II Study of GW 786034 (Pazopanib) in Advanced Thyroid Cancer

This phase II trial studies the side effects and how well pazopanib hydrochloride works in treating patients with advanced thyroid cancer. Pazopanib hydrochloride may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth and by stopping blood flow to the tumor.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Recurrent Thyroid Gland Carcinoma; Thyroid Gland Anaplastic Carcinoma; Stage III Differentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma AJCC v7; Stage IVA Differentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma AJCC v7; Stage IVB Differentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma AJCC v7; Stage IVC Differentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma AJCC v7; Stage III Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma AJCC v7; Stage IVA Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma AJCC v7; Stage IVB Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma AJCC v7; Stage IVC Thyroid Gland Medullary Carcinoma AJCC v7; Stage IVA Thyroid Gland Anaplastic Carcinoma AJCC v7; Stage IVB Thyroid Gland Anaplastic Carcinoma AJCC v7; Stage IVC Thyroid Gland Anaplastic Carcinoma AJCC v7
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis; Drug: Pazopanib Hydrochloride

Detailed Description

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:

I. To establish the safety and efficacy of GW786034 (pazopanib hydrochloride) as a therapeutic in patients afflicted with differentiated, medullary and anaplastic thyroid cancers.

CORRELATIVE OBJECTIVES:

I. Assessment of the impact of therapy with GW786034 on serum/plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels.

II. To explore the potential relationship between changes in thyroglobulin levels and tumor response in patients with advanced differentiated thyroid cancer known to be thyroglobulin antibody negative.

OUTLINE:

Patients receive pazopanib hydrochloride orally (PO) once daily (QD) on days 1-28. Cycles repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up every 6 months for up to 3 years after registration.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 152
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Australia
  • Western Australia
    • Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia, 6009
      • Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital
• China
  • Hong Kong
    • Shatin, Hong Kong, China
      • Chinese University of Hong Kong-Prince of Wales Hospital
• Singapore
  • Singapore, Singapore, 169610
    • National Cancer Centre
  • Singapore, Singapore, 119074
    • National University Hospital Singapore
  • Singapore, Singapore, 308433
    • Johns Hopkins Singapore
• Taiwan
  • Taipei, Taiwan, 100
    • National Taiwan University Hospital
• United States
  • Arizona
    • Scottsdale, Arizona, United States, 85259
      • Mayo Clinic in Arizona
  • Colorado
    • Aurora, Colorado, United States, 80045
      • University of Colorado Hospital
  • Florida
    • Jacksonville, Florida, United States, 32224-9980
      • Mayo Clinic in Florida
  • Iowa
    • Iowa City, Iowa, United States, 52242
      • University of Iowa/Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center
  • Maryland
    • Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21287
      • Johns Hopkins University/Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center
  • Michigan
    • Detroit, Michigan, United States, 48201
      • Wayne State University/Karmanos Cancer Institute
  • Minnesota
    • Burnsville, Minnesota, United States, 55337
      • Fairview Ridges Hospital
    • Edina, Minnesota, United States, 55435
      • Fairview-Southdale Hospital
    • Fridley, Minnesota, United States, 55432
      • Unity Hospital
    • Maplewood, Minnesota, United States, 55109
      • Minnesota Oncology Hematology PA-Maplewood
    • Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, 55407
      • Abbott-Northwestern Hospital
    • Rochester, Minnesota, United States, 55905
      • Mayo Clinic
    • Saint Louis Park, Minnesota, United States, 55416
      • Park Nicollet Clinic - Saint Louis Park
    • Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States, 55102
      • United Hospital
  • Missouri
    • Saint Louis, Missouri, United States, 63110
      • Washington University School of Medicine
  • Wisconsin
    • Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53792
      • University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 19 years and older (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Histologically or cytologically confirmed differentiated, medullary or anaplastic thyroid cancer that is now advanced or metastatic; NOTE: patients with thyroid lymphomas or sarcomas are specifically excluded, as are patients with metastatic disease from other sites of origin to thyroid
• Patients with confirmed differentiated thyroid cancer to be enrolled in the expanded/additional differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) cohort must be thyroglobulin antibody negative
• Zero, one or two prior therapeutic regimens (this includes cytotoxic plus non-cytotoxic therapeutic regimens)
• Absence of sensitivity to therapeutic radioiodine (differentiated only)
• Measurable disease, defined as at least one lesion that can be accurately measured in at least one dimension (longest diameter to be recorded) as > 20 mm with conventional techniques or as > 10 mm with spiral computed tomography (CT) scan; NOTE: disease that is measurable by physical examination only is not eligible
• Life expectancy > 3 months
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) 0, 1, or 2 (Karnofsky >= 60%)
• Leukocytes > 3,000/mcL obtained =< 7 days prior to registration
• Absolute neutrophil count > 1,500/mcL obtained =< 7 days prior to registration
• Platelets > 100,000/mcL obtained =< 7 days prior to registration
• Total bilirubin =< 1.5 X institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) obtained =< 7 days prior to registration (if there is reason to believe that the patient has Gilbert's syndrome, the bilirubin can be fractionated; if the fractionated bilirubin is consistent with Gilbert's syndrome and there is no other possible explanation for the elevated indirect bilirubin, the patient may be eligible for the study if and only if the direct bilirubin is =< 1.5 X institutional ULN)
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT]) < 2.5 X institutional ULN obtained =< 7 days prior to registration
• Creatinine =< 1.5 X ULN obtained =< 7 days prior to registration
• Proteinuria =< + on urinalysis (may re-check) obtained =< 7 days prior to registration
• International normalized ratio (INR) =< 1.2 X the ULN obtained =< 7 days prior to registration
• Blood pressure (BP) < 140 mmHg (systolic) and < 90 mmHg (diastolic); initiation or adjustment of BP medication is permitted prior to registration provided that the average of three BP readings at a visit prior to registration is < 140/90 mmHg

• Objective evidence of tumor progression in the 6 month period prior to GW786034 initiation as assessed by:

  • Unequivocal progression of objectively measured disease on successive appropriate imaging (e.g. CT scan); in cases of uncertainty of tumor progression, the principal investigator of the study will be available to assist in decisions
• Women of child-bearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test =< 7 days prior to registration; NOTE: women of child-bearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry and for the duration of study participation; should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately; effective contraception is required for all fertile participants in the trial
• Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document
• Willingness to comply with the requirement of the study
• Willingness to donate blood for correlative marker studies; (only applicable to sites within the United States)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Anaplastic, differentiated, medullary: a total of > 2 prior therapeutic regimens (this total includes cytotoxic plus non-cytotoxic regimens); Note: enrollment of anaplastic, differentiated, and medullary patients who have had zero, one or two prior therapeutic regimens (cytotoxic plus non-cytotoxic regimens) is allowed - provided therapy ceased > 21 days prior to registration;

  • NOTE: the principal investigator of the study should be contacted in the event of uncertainty related patient eligibility based upon prior therapies
• Disease that is measurable by physical examination only

• Any of the following:

  • Radiotherapy =< 4 weeks prior to registration
  • Major surgery =< 4 weeks prior to registration
  • Radiotherapy to >= 25% of bone marrow
  • Concurrent therapy with octreotide unless tumor progression on this therapy has been demonstrated
• Any other ongoing investigational agents
• History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to GW786034 (pazopanib) or other agents used in the study
• > +1 proteinuria (< 30 mg/dL) on two consecutive dipstick or other urine assessments taken at least 1 week apart; NOTE: (in cases where questions arise related to disparate proteinuria measurements, the study principal investigator [PI] should be consulted for assistance in determining patient study eligibility)
• Corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation (defined as a QTc interval >= 480 msecs) or other significant electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities (e.g. frequent ventricular ectopy, evidence of ongoing myocardial ischemia); NOTE: the principal investigator of the study should be contacted in the event of uncertainty related patient eligibility based upon ECG changes
• Receiving cytochrome P450 (CYP) interactive concomitant medications; certain medications that act through the CYP450 system are specifically prohibited in patients receiving GW786034 (pazopanib) because in vitro data indicate that the agent has the potential to interact with the cytochrome P450 isoenzymes cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 9 (CYP2C9) and cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A, polypeptide 4 (CYP3A4); certain other agents should be used with caution
• Any condition (e.g., gastrointestinal tract disease resulting in an inability to take oral medication or a requirement for IV alimentation, prior surgical procedures affecting absorption, or active peptic ulcer disease) that impairs their ability to swallow and retain GSK786034 (pazopanib)

• Any of the following conditions:

  • Serious or non-healing wound, ulcer, or bone fracture
  • History of abdominal fistula, gastrointestinal perforation, active diverticulitis, intra-abdominal abscess or gastrointestinal tract bleeding =< 28 days of registration
  • Any history of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) =< 6 months
  • Current use of therapeutic warfarin; Note: low molecular weight heparin and prophylactic low-dose warfarin (INR < 1.2 X ULN) are permitted; prothrombin time (PT)/partial thromboplastin time (PTT) must meet the inclusion criteria
  • History of myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmia, admission for unstable angina, cardiac angioplasty or stenting within the last 12 weeks
  • History of venous thrombosis in last 12 weeks
  • Class III or IV heart failure as defined by the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification system; NOTE: a patient who has a history of class II heart failure and is asymptomatic on treatment may be considered eligible
  • History of bleeding disorder, including patients afflicted with hemophilia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, or any other abnormality of coagulation potentially predisposing patients to bleeding
  • Poorly controlled depression or anxiety disorder, or recent (=< 6 months) suicidal ideation
• Known active and/or untreated brain metastases and/or brain metastases requiring ongoing therapy (e.g. corticosteroids); NOTE: (because of the poor prognosis often associated with brain metastases and because of the potential risk of bleeding in active brain metastases associated with multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy, patients with active and/or untreated brain metastases and/or those with brain metastases requiring ongoing therapy - e.g. corticosteroids - are excluded from trial enrollment; enrollment will, however, be permitted in cases of patients with longstanding treated and inactive brain metastases not requiring ongoing therapy, providing that stability of brain metastases has been demonstrated for a period of 3 months or greater as assessed by intracranial imaging - and providing that there is no indication of increased vascularity of the treated metastases by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging conducted =< 14 days prior to registration; when questions arise related to these criteria, the PI of the trial, Dr. Keith Bible, should be contacted for assistance on eligibility)
• Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection or psychiatric illness/social situations that would or might reasonably be expected to limit compliance with study requirements
• Pregnant women; NOTE: (breastfeeding should be discontinued if the mother is treated with GW786034/pazopanib)
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients on combination antiretroviral therapy; NOTE: (appropriate studies will be undertaken in patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy when indicated)
• Receiving any medications or substances known to affect or with the potential to affect the activity or pharmacokinetics of GW786034 (pazopanib); NOTE: the eligibility of patients will be determined following review of their case by the principal investigator; efforts should be made to switch patients who are taking enzyme-inducing anticonvulsant agents to other medications
• Receiving any concomitant medications that are associated with a risk of QTc prolongation and/or Torsades de Pointes; NOTE: these medications should be discontinued or replaced with drugs that do not carry these risks, if possible

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
• Allocation: NON_RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: PARALLEL
• Masking: NONE

Number of Arms

4

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: Cohort 1 (DTC); Patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) receive 800 mg pazopanib hydrochloride PO QD on days 1-28. Courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.	Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis; Correlative studies; Drug: Pazopanib Hydrochloride; Given PO; Other Names: GW786034B; Votrient
EXPERIMENTAL: Cohort 2 (MTC); Patients with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) receive 800 mg pazopanib hydrochloride PO QD on days 1-28. Cycles repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.	Drug: Pazopanib Hydrochloride; Given PO; Other Names: GW786034B; Votrient
EXPERIMENTAL: Cohort 3 (ATC); Patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) receive 800 mg pazopanib hydrochloride PO QD on days 1-28. Courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.	Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis; Correlative studies
EXPERIMENTAL: Expansion Cohort (DTC); Patients with confirmed, differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) who are thyroglobulin antibody negative receive 800 mg pazopanib hydrochloride PO QD on days 1-28. Courses repeat every 28 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.	Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis; Correlative studies; Drug: Pazopanib Hydrochloride; Given PO; Other Names: GW786034B; Votrient

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Overall Response Rate (in Cohorts 1-3)	The tumor response rate is defined as the percentage of eligible patients who fulfill RECIST 1.0 for a complete or partial response at two consecutive assessments at least 8 weeks apart for patients in Cohorts 1-3. Per Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.0) for target lesions and assessed by MRI: Complete Response (CR), Disappearance of all target lesions; Partial Response (PR), >= 30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions; Overall Response (OR) = CR + PR.	Up to 3 years
Confirmed Tumor Response (in the Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Expansion Cohort)	The confirmed tumor response rate is defined as the percentage of eligible patients who fulfill RECIST 1.0 for a complete or partial response at two consecutive assessments at least 8 weeks apart for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer who are thyroglobulin antibody negative. Per Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.0) for target lesions and assessed by MRI: Complete Response (CR), Disappearance of all target lesions; Partial Response (PR), >= 30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions; Overall Response (OR) = CR + PR.	Up to 3 years

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Toxicity as Measured by the Percentage of Patients Reporting a Grade 3+ Adverse Event Deemed Possibly, Probably, or Definitely Related to Treatment	Toxicity (defined as grade 3+ adverse events deemed possibly, probably, or definitely related to treatment) will be assessed by the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0. The percentage of patients with grade 3+ adverse events deemed possibly, probably, or definitely related to treatment are reported for patients in Cohorts 1-3.	Up to 3 years
Progression-Free Survival at 6 Months (Cohorts 1 and 2 Only)	Progression free survival at 6 months (PFS6) is defined as the proportion of patients alive and without progression at 6 months. Progression is defined according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.0.	Time from registration to the date of progression or last follow-up, whichever comes first, assessed up to 6 months
Progression-Free Survival at 3 Months (Cohort 3 Only)	Progression free survival at 3 months (PFS6) is defined as the proportion of patients alive and without progression at 3 months. Progression is defined according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.0.	Time from registration to the date of progression or last follow-up, whichever comes first, assessed up to 3 months

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in Blood Markers for Angiogenesis	Blood markers for angiogenesis including levels of free VEGF, free GW786034, and GW786034/VEGF complexes will be evaluated before and during therapy. Changes in these levels will largely be explored in a graphical manner as well as exploring any potential relationships between these levels and clinical outcome such as response or progression-free rate and toxicity incidence.	Baseline to up to 3 years
Proportion of Patients With Differentiated Thyroid Cancer and Medullary Thyroid Cancer Who Have Not Failed Treatment at 6 Months (3 Months for Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer)	The proportion of patients who have not failed treatment due to disease progression, adverse reactions, refusal for further participation, or who went on to alternate therapy at 6 months (3 months for anaplastic thyroid cancer patients) will be calculated and summarized independently within each of the patient groups. Assuming that the incidence of response is binomially distributed, 90% binomial confidence intervals will also be calculated.	Up to 6 months
Overall Survival	Overall survival time is defined as the time from registration to death due to any cause. The median is estimated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator.> Estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier.	Time from registration to date of last follow-up or death due to any cause, assessed up to 3 years
Time to Treatment Failure	Estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier.	Time from registration to the date the patient discontinues treatment, assessed up to 3 years
Time to Subsequent Therapy	Estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier.	Up to 3 years
Duration of Response	Duration of response is defined for all evaluable patients who have achieved a confirmed response as the date at which the patient's objective status is first noted to be a CR or PR to the earliest date progression (PD) is documented. The distribution of duration of response will be estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier. (CR: Disappearance of all evidence of disease, PR: Regression of measurable disease and no new sites, PD: Any new lesion or increase by >= 50% of previously involved sites from nadir). Duration of response will be assessed.	Time from registration to the date the patient discontinues treatment, assessed up to 3 years

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Bible KC, Menefee ME, Lin CJ, Millward MJ, Maples WJ, Goh BC, Karlin NJ, Kane MA, Adkins DR, Molina JR, Donehower RC, Lim WT, Flynn PJ, Richardson RL, Traynor AM, Rubin J, LoRusso PM, Smallridge RC, Burton JK, Suman VJ, Kumar A, Voss JS, Rumilla KM, Kipp BR, Chintakuntlawar AV, Harris P, Erlichman C. An International Phase 2 Study of Pazopanib in Progressive and Metastatic Thyroglobulin Antibody Negative Radioactive Iodine Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid. 2020 Sep;30(9):1254-1262. doi: 10.1089/thy.2019.0269. Epub 2020 Jul 29.
• Bible KC, Suman VJ, Molina JR, Smallridge RC, Maples WJ, Menefee ME, Rubin J, Sideras K, Morris JC 3rd, McIver B, Burton JK, Webster KP, Bieber C, Traynor AM, Flynn PJ, Goh BC, Tang H, Ivy SP, Erlichman C; Endocrine Malignancies Disease Oriented Group; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center; Mayo Phase 2 Consortium. Efficacy of pazopanib in progressive, radioiodine-refractory, metastatic differentiated thyroid cancers: results of a phase 2 consortium study. Lancet Oncol. 2010 Oct;11(10):962-72. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(10)70203-5. Epub 2010 Sep 17.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (ACTUAL): February 22, 2008
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): December 21, 2018
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): August 13, 2019

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: February 27, 2008
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 27, 2008
• First Posted (ESTIMATE): February 28, 2008

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ACTUAL): February 26, 2020
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 4, 2020
• Last Verified: February 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Neoplasms by Histologic Type; Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Adenocarcinoma; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial; Endocrine System Diseases; Endocrine Gland Neoplasms; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Neuroectodermal Tumors; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Neoplasms, Ductal, Lobular, and Medullary; Carcinoma; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine; Carcinoma, Medullary; Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic
• Other Study ID Numbers: NCI-2009-00198 (REGISTRY: CTRP (Clinical Trial Reporting Program)); P30CA015083 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract); N01CM62205 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract); N01CM00099 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract); MC057H; CDR0000588044; 7627 (OTHER: CTEP)