A Study to Compare the Lung Effect of Indacaterol and Tiotropium in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) (INTENSITY)

A 12-week Treatment, Multicenter, Randomized, Parallel-group, Blinded, Double-dummy Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Indacaterol (150 µg Once Daily [od]) Delivered Via a Single Dose Dry Powder Inhaler (SDDPI) With Tiotropium (18 µg od) Delivered Via a HandiHaler®, in Patients With Moderate-to-severe COPD

This study compared the lung effects of indacaterol to those of tiotropium in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) over a 12 week period.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Indacaterol 150 μg; Drug: Placebo to tiotropium; Drug: Tiotropium 18 μg; Drug: Placebo to indacaterol

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 1598
• Phase: Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Austria
  • Feldbach, Austria
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Gänserndorf, Austria
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Hallein, Austria
    • Novartis Investigator Site
• Belgium
  • Bruxelles, Belgium
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Gilly, Belgium
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Jambes, Belgium
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Jette, Belgium
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Liège, Belgium
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Montigny-le-tilleul, Belgium
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Oostende, Belgium
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Saint Vith, Belgium
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Yvoir, Belgium
    • Novartis Investigator Site
• Canada
  • Calgary, Canada
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Mississauga, Canada
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Moncton, Canada
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • New Market, Canada
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Quebec, Canada
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • St-Romuald, Canada
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Sudbury, Canada
    • Novartis Investigative Site
• Colombia
  • Barranquilla, Colombia
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Bogota, Colombia
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Medellin, Colombia
    • Novartis Investigator Site
• Denmark
  • Aalborg, Denmark
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Frederiksberg, Denmark
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Næstved, Denmark
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Roskilde, Denmark
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Sønderborg, Denmark
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Vaerlose, Denmark
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Viborg, Denmark
    • Novartis Investigator Site
• Finland
  • Helsinki, Finland
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Jyväskylä, Finland
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Lahti, Finland
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • OYS, Finland
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Pori, Finland
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Turku, Finland
    • Novartis Investigator Site
• France
  • Ambroise, France
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Antibes, France
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Beuvry, France
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Ferolles-Attily, France
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Montpellier, France
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Nantes, France
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Nice, France
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Nimes, France
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Paris, France
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Paris, France
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Pessac, France
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Pierre Benite, France
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Suresnes, France
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Vandoeuvre Les Nancys, France
    • Novartis Investigator Site
• Germany
  • Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Berlin, Germany
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Bochum, Germany
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Bonn, Germany
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Buchholz, Germany
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Coburg, Germany
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Dueren, Germany
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Eggenfelden, Germany
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Eschwege, Germany
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Euskirchen, Germany
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Freudenberg, Germany
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Fürth, Germany
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Gelsenkirchen, Germany
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Gummersbach, Germany
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Hagen, Germany
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Halle, Germany
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Hamburg, Germany
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Hannover, Germany
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Hoyerswerda, Germany
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Kassel, Germany
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Landsberg, Germany
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Leipzig, Germany
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Mainz, Germany
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Munich, Germany
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Oranienburg, Germany
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Radebeul, Germany
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Ratingen, Germany
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Ruhmannsfelden, Germany
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Rüsselsheim, Germany
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Solingen, Germany
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Stockach, Germany
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Teterow, Germany
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Vilshofen, Germany
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Wallerfing, Germany
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Wissen, Germany
    • Novartis Investigator Site
• Greece
  • Athens, Greece
    • Novartis Investigator Site
• Hungary
  • Budapest, Hungary
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Budapest, Hungary
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Debrecen, Hungary
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Farkasgyepu, Hungary
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Godollo, Hungary
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Szolnok, Hungary
    • Novartis Investigator Site
• Israel
  • Haifa, Israel
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Petach-Tikva, Israel
    • Novartis Investigator Site
• Italy
  • Ancona, Italy
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Foggia, Italy
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Milano, Italy
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Milano, Italy
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Pavia, Italy
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Pavia, Italy
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Pisa, Italy
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Pisa, Italy
    • Novartis Investigator Site
• Mexico
  • Huxquilucan, Mexico
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Mexico City, Mexico
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • San Luis Potosi, Mexico
    • Novartis Investigative Site
• Norway
  • Drammen, Norway
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Follebu, Norway
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Kongsberg, Norway
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Kongsberg, Norway
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Kongsvinger, Norway
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Lierskogen, Norway
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Oslo, Norway
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Oslo, Norway
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Sandvika, Norway
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Skedsmokorset, Norway
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Stavanger, Norway
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Trondheim, Norway
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Trondheim, Norway
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Ålesund, Norway
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Ålesund, Norway
    • Novartis Investigator Site
• Poland
  • Gdansk, Poland
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Katowice, Poland
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Krakow, Poland
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Krakow, Poland
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Piekary Slaskie, Poland
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Warszawa, Poland
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Wroclaw, Poland
    • Novartis Investigator Site
• Russian Federation
  • Barnaul, Russian Federation
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Kazan, Russian Federation
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Petrozavodsk, Russian Federation
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Ryazan, Russian Federation
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Samara, Russian Federation
    • Novartis Investigator Site
• Slovakia
  • Bratislava, Slovakia
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Kosice, Slovakia
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Kosice, Slovakia
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Kralovsky Chlmec, Slovakia
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Nitra, Slovakia
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Presov, Slovakia
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Zvolen, Slovakia
    • Novartis Investigator Site
• Spain
  • Alcorcón, Spain
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Alicante, Spain
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Badalona, Spain
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Barcelona, Spain
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Begonte, Spain
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Burgos, Spain
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Caceres, Spain
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Canet de Mar, Spain
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Fuenlabrada, Spain
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Girona, Spain
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Madrid, Spain
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Mataro, Spain
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Plasencia, Spain
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Ponferrada, Spain
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Pontevedra, Spain
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Prat de Llobregat, Spain
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Santander, Spain
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Valencia, Spain
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Vila-real, Spain
    • Novartis Investigative Site
• Switzerland
  • Basel, Switzerland
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Bellinzona, Switzerland
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Lugano, Switzerland
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Muenchenstein, Switzerland
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Zuerich, Switzerland
    • Novartis Investigative Site
• Turkey
  • Altunizade, Turkey
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Ankara, Turkey
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Aydin, Turkey
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Büyükçekmece / Ýstanbul, Turkey
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Fatih / Istanbul, Turkey
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Istanbul, Turkey
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Kahramanmaras, Turkey
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Mecidiyekoy/Istanbul, Turkey
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Mersin, Turkey
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Soke / Aydin, Turkey
    • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Yenisehir/Izmir, Turkey
    • Novartis Investigative Site
• United Kingdom
  • Ash Vale, United Kingdom
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Ashford, United Kingdom
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Bolton, United Kingdom
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Boscastle, United Kingdom
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Bradford, United Kingdom
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Chertsey, United Kingdom
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • East Horsley, United Kingdom
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Plymouth, United Kingdom
    • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Watford, United Kingdom
    • Novartis Investigator Site
• United States
  • Alabama
    • Birmingham, Alabama, United States, 35209
      • Novartis Investigative Site
    • Jasper, Alabama, United States, 35501
      • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Arizona
    • Phoenix, Arizona, United States, 85050
      • Novartis Investigative Site
    • Tucson, Arizona, United States, 85723
      • Novartis Investigative Site
  • California
    • Anaheim, California, United States, 92801
      • Novartis Investigator Site
    • Stockton, California, United States, 95207
      • Novartis Investigator Site
    • Walnut Creek, California, United States, 94598
      • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Colorado
    • Fort Collins, Colorado, United States, 80528
      • Novartis Investigator Site
    • Wheat Ridge, Colorado, United States, 80033
      • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Florida
    • South Miami, Florida, United States, 33143
      • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Illinois
    • Normal, Illinois, United States, 61761
      • Novartis Investigator Site
  • Indiana
    • Evansville, Indiana, United States, 47710
      • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Kansas
    • Topeka, Kansas, United States, 66606
      • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Louisiana
    • Lafayette, Louisiana, United States, 70503
      • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Missouri
    • St Charles, Missouri, United States, 63301
      • Novartis Investigative Center
    • St Louis, Missouri, United States, 63141
      • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Nebraska
    • Lincoln, Nebraska, United States, 68510
      • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Nevada
    • Henderson, Nevada, United States, 89014
      • Novartis Investigative Site
  • New York
    • Albany, New York, United States, 12205
      • Novartis Investigative Site
    • Larchmont, New York, United States, 10538
      • Novartis Investigative Site
    • New York, New York, United States, 10016
      • Novartis Investigative Site
  • North Carolina
    • Charlotte, North Carolina, United States, 28207
      • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Ohio
    • Columbus, Ohio, United States, 43214
      • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Texas
    • San Antonio, Texas, United States, 78229
      • Novartis Investigative Site
  • Virginia
    • Richmond, Virginia, United States, 23229
      • Novartis Investigative Site

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 40 years and older (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

- Diagnosis of COPD (moderate-to-severe as classified by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Guidelines, 2007) and:

• a) Smoking history of at least 10 pack-years
• b) Post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) < 80% and ≥ 30% of the predicted normal value
• c) Post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC (forced vital capacity) < 70%

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients who have received systemic corticosteroids or antibiotics and/or was hospitalized for a COPD exacerbation in the 6 weeks prior to screening
• Patients who have had a respiratory tract infection within 6 weeks prior to screening
• Patients with concomitant pulmonary disease
• Patients with a history of asthma
• Patients with diabetes Type I or uncontrolled diabetes Type II
• Any patient with lung cancer or a history of lung cancer
• Patients with a history of certain cardiovascular comorbid conditions

Other protocol-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria applied to the study.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: PARALLEL
• Masking: DOUBLE

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: Indacaterol 150 µg; Participants received indacaterol 150 μg delivered via a single-dose dry-powder inhaler (SDDPI) plus placebo to tiotropium delivered via the manufacturer's proprietary inhalation device (HandiHaler®) once daily in the morning. Participants were permitted to take salbutamol/albuterol as a rescue medication.	Drug: Indacaterol 150 μg; Indacaterol 150 μg was provided in powder filled capsules with a single dose dry powder inhaler (SDDPI).; Drug: Placebo to tiotropium; Placebo to tiotropium was provided in powder filled capsules with the manufacturer's proprietary inhalation device (HandiHaler®).
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR: Tiotropium 18 µg; Participants received tiotropium 18 μg delivered via the manufacturer's proprietary inhalation device (HandiHaler®) plus placebo to indacaterol delivered via a single-dose dry-powder inhaler (SDDPI) once daily in the morning. Participants were permitted to take salbutamol/albuterol as a rescue medication.	Drug: Tiotropium 18 μg; Tiotropium 18 μg was provided in powder filled capsules with the manufacturer's proprietary inhalation device (HandiHaler®).; Drug: Placebo to indacaterol; Placebo to indacaterol was provided in powder filled capsules with a single dose dry powder inhaler (SDDPI).

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Trough Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) at End of Treatment (Week 12)	Spirometry was conducted according to internationally accepted standards. Trough FEV1 was defined as the average of the 23 hour 10 minute and 23 hour 45 minute post-dose FEV1 readings. Mixed model used baseline FEV1, FEV1 prior to and 10-15 minutes post inhalation of salbutamol/albuterol, FEV1 prior to and 1 hour post inhalation of ipratropium, and inhaled corticosteroid use at baseline as covariates.	End of treatment (Week 12)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second (FEV1) Standardized (With Respect to Time) Area Under the Curve (AUC) From 5 Minutes to 4 Hours Post-dose at the End of Treatment (Week 12)	Spirometry was conducted according to internationally accepted standards. FEV1 was measured at 5 and 30 minutes; and 1, 2, and 4 hours post-dose on Week 12. Standardized FEV1 AUC (5 minutes-4 hour) post-dose at week 12 was calculated based on the trapezoidal rule, and was adjusted for the area per time unit by using the scheduled time of measurements for FEV1. Mixed model used baseline FEV1, FEV1 prior to and 10-15 minutes post inhalation of salbutamol/albuterol, FEV1 prior to and 1 hour post inhalation of ipratropium, and inhaled corticosteroid use at baseline as covariates.	5 minutes to 4 hours post-dose at the end of treatment (week 12)
Transition Dyspnea Index (TDI) Focal Score After 12 Weeks of Treatment	TDI focal score is based on three domains: functional impairment, magnitude of task and magnitude of effort. Each domain is scored from -3 (major deterioration) to 3 (major improvement) to give an overall TDI focal score of -9 to 9 with a negative score indicating a deterioration from baseline. A 1 unit difference in the TDI focal score is clinically significant. Mixed model used baseline dyspnea index, FEV1 prior to and 10-15 minutes post inhalation of salbutamol/albuterol, FEV1 prior to and 1 hour post inhalation of ipratropium, and inhaled corticosteroid use at baseline as covariates.	12 weeks
Quality of Life Assessment With St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) Total Score After 12 Weeks of Treatment	SGRQ is a health related quality of life questionnaire consisting of 50 items in three domains: symptoms (frequency and severity), activity (that cause or are limited by breathlessness) and impacts (social functioning & psychological disturbances resulting from airway disease). The total score is 0 to 100 with a higher score indicating greater impairment of health status. Mixed model used baseline SGRQ, FEV1 prior to and 10-15 minutes post inhalation of salbutamol/albuterol, FEV1 prior to and 1 hour post inhalation of ipratropium, and inhaled corticosteroid use at baseline as covariates.	12 weeks
Change From Baseline in the Mean Number of Puffs Per Day of Rescue Medication Over the Study Duration (From Day 1 to Week 12)	Participants recorded the number of puffs of rescue medication taken in the previous 12 hours each morning and evening in an electronic diary. The number of puffs per day over the 12 weeks of treatment was divided by the number of days to derive the mean number per day of puffs of rescue medication for each participant. Mixed model used baseline number of puffs per day of rescue medication, FEV1 prior to and 10-15 minutes post inhalation of salbutamol/albuterol, FEV1 prior to and 1 hour post inhalation of ipratropium, and inhaled corticosteroid use at baseline as covariates.	Baseline, up to 12 weeks
Change From Baseline in the Mean Number Per Day of Daytime Puffs of Rescue Medication Over the Study Duration (From Day 1 to Week 12)	Participants recorded the number of puffs of rescue medication taken in the previous 12 hours each evening in an electronic diary. The number of daytime puffs per day over the 12 weeks of treatment was divided by the number of days to derive the mean number per day of daytime puffs of rescue medication for each participant. Mixed model used baseline number of daytime puffs per day of rescue medication, FEV1 prior to and 10-15 minutes post inhalation of salbutamol/albuterol, FEV1 prior to and 1 hour post inhalation of ipratropium, and inhaled corticosteroid use at baseline as covariates.	Baseline, up to 12 weeks
Change From Baseline in the Mean Number Per Day of Nighttime Puffs of Rescue Medication Over the Study Duration (From Day 1 to Week 12)	Participants recorded the number of puffs of rescue medication taken in the previous 12 hours each morning in an electronic diary. The number of nighttime puffs per day over the 12 weeks of treatment was divided by the number of days to derive the mean number per day of nighttime puffs of rescue medication for each participant. Mixed model used baseline number of nighttime puffs per day of rescue medication, FEV1 prior to and 10-15 minutes post inhalation of salbutamol/albuterol, FEV1 prior to and 1 hour post inhalation of ipratropium, and inhaled corticosteroid use at baseline as covariates.	Baseline, up to 12 weeks
Percentage of Days With no Rescue Medication Use During the 12 Weeks of Treatment	A day with no rescue medication was defined as any day in the diary that the participant used no puffs of rescue medication. The percentage of days with no rescue medication was calculated by dividing the number of days with no rescue medication over the 12 week treatment period by the number of evaluable days and multiplying by 100. Mixed model used baseline percentage of days with no rescue medication, FEV1 prior to and 10-15 minutes post inhalation of salbutamol/albuterol, FEV1 prior to and 1 hour post inhalation of ipratropium, and inhaled corticosteroid use at baseline as covariates.	Up to 12 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Novartis Pharmaceuticals

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Buhl R, Dunn LJ, Disdier C, Lassen C, Amos C, Henley M, Kramer B; INTENSITY study investigators. Blinded 12-week comparison of once-daily indacaterol and tiotropium in COPD. Eur Respir J. 2011 Oct;38(4):797-803. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00191810. Epub 2011 May 26.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: June 1, 2009
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): March 1, 2010
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): March 1, 2010

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 12, 2009
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 12, 2009
• First Posted (ESTIMATE): May 13, 2009

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ESTIMATE): August 19, 2011
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 22, 2011
• Last Verified: July 1, 2011

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: COPD; indacaterol; tiotropium; beta 2 agonist
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Respiratory Tract Diseases; Lung Diseases; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Neurotransmitter Agents; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Parasympatholytics; Autonomic Agents; Peripheral Nervous System Agents; Cholinergic Antagonists; Cholinergic Agents; Bronchodilator Agents; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Respiratory System Agents; Tiotropium Bromide
• Other Study ID Numbers: CQAB149B2350