A Phase IV Study of Rebif ® 44mcg Administered Three Times Per Week by Subcutaneous Injection Compared With no Treatment in the Therapy of Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis After Mitoxantrone (REMAIN)

Phase IV, Multicenter, Open Label, Randomized Study of Rebif® 44mcg Administered Three Times Per Week by Subcutaneous Injection Compared With no Treatment in the Therapy of Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis After Mitoxantrone

In the course of therapy escalation, the multiple sclerosis (MS) subjects with high activity of disease receive mainly mitoxantrone. The duration of therapy is limited because of a cumulative dose for life (140 mg/m^2 body surface area). In practice lower doses of mitoxantrone (60-120 mg/m^2 body surface area) are being used. The specific reason for this limited total dose are potential cardiotoxic side effects of mitoxantrone. Once this cumulative dose of mitoxantrone is reached and the subject becomes stable, there is the question for subsequent therapy. A possibility at this time, is the so-called "de-escalation", therefore reducing the subject back to immunomodulating basic treatment.

The target of this open-label, randomised, multicentric, comparative, parallel-group study was to inquire systematically into the use and course of basic therapy with Rebif 44 mcg thrice weekly (tiw) for a larger number of subjects.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Interferon beta-1a (Rebif)

Detailed Description

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) and is one of the most common causes of neurological disability in young adults. It is characterised by multi-focal recurrent attacks of neurological symptoms and signs with variable recovery. Eventually, the majority of subjects develop a progressive clinical course. The exact cause of MS is unknown, although an autoimmune process has been implicated. Genetic susceptibility plays a role in disease initiation but unidentified environmental factors may also be involved. Three clinical forms of MS are recognized: primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS), secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) and relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Primary progressive subjects are characterised by slow and steady accumulation of neurological deficits from onset without superimposed attacks. Subjects with RRMS have exacerbations or relapses with subsequent variable recovery (remission). Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is characterised by the steady accumulation of significant and persistent neurological deficit with or without superimposed relapses.

Rebif [recombinant interferon (IFN) beta-1a] has been tested in a series of studies in MS subjects at doses ranging from 22 mcg to 132 mcg weekly with a dose frequency ranging from weekly (qw) to tiw. Rebif has been found to be well tolerated in all clinical pharmacology studies, even at high doses (up to 66 mcg/m^2). In later phase trials, Rebif has been tested across a broad range of doses, for varying duration, and in different stages of MS disease. Dose testing has ranged from 22 mcg to 132 mcg weekly with frequency of administration being qw to tiw.

OBJECTIVES

Primary objective:

• To asses if treatment with Rebif 44 mcg tiw compared with subjects not treated during 96 weeks can maintain or prolong clinical or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) stability after previous treatment with mitoxantrone

Secondary objectives:

• To compare the mean number of T2 active lesions, defined as new or enlarging T2 lesions, per subject per scan during 96 weeks of treatment with Rebif 44 mcg three times per week with subjects not treated
• To assess the safety and efficacy of Rebif 44 mcg

This was an open-label, randomised, multicentric, comparative, parallel-group study with a neurologist blinded to treatment for performing neurologic exams and a neuro-radiologist blinded to treatment for assessing central MRI scans. The study was divided into a screening phase (up to 28 days before the start of IFN-beta-1a treatment), a treatment phase of 96 weeks as well as a follow-up period of 4 weeks for subjects with ongoing serious adverse events (SAEs) at week 96. The study consisted of 2 groups to compare the therapeutic effect of high dose, high frequency IFN beta-1a therapy (Rebif 44 mcg) to subjects who will not be treated with Rebif 44 mcg. Subjects of both groups were previously treated with mitoxantrone in the < 3 months prior to study inclusion. Subjects assigned to no treatment were switched to Rebif 44 mcg x 3 after reaching the primary endpoint or defined stopping criteria. The treatment period of this study begun with the completion of all baseline evaluations and the initiation of study drug treatment on Study Day 1 (baseline visit) and continues through until completion of the treatment period at the Week 96 visit.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 30
• Phase: Phase 4

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 60 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Subject who had given written informed consent.
• Subjects with definite RRMS or SPMS with relapses
• Subjects with EDSS 1-6
• Subjects aged between 18-60 years
• Subjects who were escalated to mitoxantrone due to high relapse activity or MRI activity (not due to EDSS progression exclusively)
• Subjects who may not have a confirmed 1 point EDSS progression (0.5 points for EDSS >5.5) within the last 9 months
• Subjects free of relapses over the last 6 months
• Subjects with last mitoxantrone treatment between 1 and 6 months prior to screening
• Subjects treated with mitoxantrone for minimum 9 months and maximum 36 months, total cumulative dose being 40-120 mg/m^2

• Female subjects who must be neither pregnant nor breast-feeding and must lack childbearing potential, as defined by either:

  1. Being post-menopausal or surgically sterile,or
  2. Using a hormonal contraceptive, intra-uterine device, diaphragm with spermicide or condom with spermicide for the duration of the study. Confirmation that the subject is not pregnant must be established by a negative serum or urinary human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) test within 7 days prior to start of study treatment. A pregnancy test is not required if the subject is post menopausal or surgically sterile.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Subject who has received any cytokine or anti-cytokine therapy within the 3 months prior to study Day 1
• Subject who has been escalated to mitoxantrone due to EDSS progression
• Subject with an ongoing MS relapse
• Subject with PPMS
• Subject with SPMS without superimposed relapses
• Subject who has received immunomodulatory treatment other than IFN-beta or glatiramer acetate before mitoxantrone
• Subject who has previously received total lymphoid irradiation
• Subject who has received oral or systemic corticosteroids or adrenocorticotrophic hormone ACTH within 30 days of study Day 1
• Subject who has received intravenous immunoglobulins or underwent plasmapheresis within the 6 months prior to study day 1
• Subject who has received immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive therapy (including but not limited to cyclophosphamide, cyclosporin, methotrexate, azathioprine, linomide, teriflunomide, natalizumab, laquinimod, Campath) within the 12 months prior to study Day 1
• Subject who requires chronic or monthly pulse corticosteroids during the study
• Subject who has received any investigational drug or experimental procedure within 12 month of study Day 1
• Subject who has inadequate liver function, defined by a total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or alkaline phosphatase greater than 2.5 times the upper limit of the normal values.
• Subject who has inadequate bone marrow reserve, defined as a white blood cell count less than 0.5 times the lower limit of normal
• Subject who suffers from current autoimmune disease
• Subject with known allergy to IFN or the excipient(s)
• Subject who suffers from major medical or psychiatric illness that in the opinion of the investigator creates undue risk to the subject or could affect compliance with the study protocol
• Subject treated with drugs other than IFN-beta or glatiramer acetate within 2 years before mitoxantrone
• Subject with known cardiac or other systemic diseases
• Subjects who are pregnant.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Rebif (3x44 mcg) Group	Drug: Interferon beta-1a (Rebif); The dosage of IFN-beta-1a , following initial dose titration, was 44 mcg injected subcutaneously (s.c.) tiw. An auto-injector device, Rebiject, was available as an optional aid for the administration of IFN-beta-1a . IFN-beta-1a was administered, if possible, at the same time (preferably in the late afternoon or evening) on the same three days at least 48 hours apart each week.; Other Names: Rebif
No Intervention: No treatment Group

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Time From Baseline to First Multiple Sclerosis Relapse (in Weeks)	A qualifying relapse was defined as a new or worsening neurological symptom, in the absence of fever, lasting for >= 48 hours, and accompanied by an objective change in the relevant (i.e. symptomatic) Kurtzke Functional Systems (KFS).	Baseline through Week 96

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of Relapse-free Participants	A qualifying relapse was defined as a new or worsening neurological symptom, in the absence of fever, lasting for >= 48 hours, and accompanied by an objective change in the relevant (i.e. symptomatic) Kurtzke Functional Systems (KFS).	Baseline through Week 96
Absolute Changes in the Number of T1 Lesions From Baseline to Week 24, 48, 72 and 96	Analysis of T1 lesions was done using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.	Baseline to Week 24, 48, 72, and 96
Absolute Changes in the Number of T1-Gadolinium (T1-Gd) Lesions From Baseline to Week 24, 48, 72 and 96	Analysis of T1-Gadolinium enhancing lesions was done using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.	Baseline to Week 24, 48, 72, and 96
Absolute Changes in the Number of T2 Lesions From Baseline to Week 24, 48, 72 and 96	Analysis of T2 lesions was done using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.	Baseline to Week 24, 48, 72, and 96
Mean Changes in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) Score From Baseline to Week 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, and 96	EDSS assesses disability in 8 functional systems. An overall score ranging from 0 (normal) to 10 (death due to MS) was calculated. EDSS progression was defined as increase by at least 1 point if last value of EDSS was equal to 5.5, and by at least 0.5 points if last EDSS was more than 5.5.	Baseline to Week 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, and 96
Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AE) and Serious Adverse Events (SAE)	AE: any new untoward medical occurrence/worsening of pre-existing medical condition, whether or not related to study drug. SAE: any AE that resulted in death; was life threatening; resulted in persistent/significant disability/incapacity; resulted in/prolonged an existing in-patient hospitalization; was a congenital anomaly/birth defect; or was a medically important condition.	Baseline to Week 96

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
• Collaborators: Gesellschaft für Therapieforschung mbH
• Investigators: Study Director: Sigbert Jahn, PD Dr. med, Merck Serono GmbH, Germany

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: December 1, 2005
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 1, 2009
• Study Completion (Actual): January 1, 2010

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 10, 2010
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 10, 2010
• First Posted (Estimate): June 11, 2010

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): February 27, 2014
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 26, 2014
• Last Verified: January 1, 2014

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Multiple sclerosis; Rebif; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting; Expanded Disability Status Scale; Beta-1, interferon
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Nervous System Diseases; Immune System Diseases; Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS; Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System; Demyelinating Diseases; Autoimmune Diseases; Multiple Sclerosis; Sclerosis; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Anti-Infective Agents; Antiviral Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Immunologic Factors; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Interferons; Interferon beta-1a; Interferon-beta
• Other Study ID Numbers: IMP 25874