Fish Oil and Aspirin With Type 2 Diabetes (R-21)

October 7, 2013 updated by: Robert Block, University of Rochester

The Effects of Fish Oil and Aspirin on Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes

The purpose of this study is to understand if omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil enhance the ability of aspirin to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack and stroke in those who have diabetes mellitus.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

A recent increase in the incidence and prevalence of obesity-related diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome as a result of insulin resistance threatens to reverse the health gains achieved in the US during the last half of the 20th century. Novel inexpensive and safe pharmacologic approaches are required to prevent a variety of resulting cardiovascular disease sequelae. Aspirin is a proven agent in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease but is greatly underused. Even when it is used, aspirin is ineffective in a large proportion of the population: a problem termed "aspirin resistance." Approximately thirty percent of the adult US population is aspirin resistant and this proportion is higher in those with diabetes and the metabolic events and affected patients do not benefit from other antiplatelet drugs. The omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are naturally occurring and can be safely used at low cost in individuals who are in high and lower cardiovascular risk groups. Supplementation with EPA and and DHA (EPA + DHA) modifies the fatty acid balance which is distributed in patients with insulin resistance and atherosclerosis, thereby potentially improving endothelial function, lowering blood pressure, and reducing the risk of fatal and non-fatal acute coronary syndromes. Emerging evidence indicates that the combination of aspirin together with EPA+DHA supplementation beneficially regulates fatty acid metabolism and attenuates atherosclerosis. However, the effects of aspirin together with EPA + DHA on aspirin resistance or in subjects with diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance are unknown. Circulating EPA and DHA are contained largely in lysophospholipids, which contain a three carbon backbone and variable fatty acyl side chains. In preliminary data, we show that both aspirin ingestion and EPA+DHA supplementation after lysophospholipids including lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) are now known to bind specific G-protein coupled receptors, which are being explored as novel therapeutic targets in cardiovascular and other diseases. Relationships between LPC and LPA metabolism, aspirin ingestion, and human atherosclerosis have not been investigated (to our knowledge). In the proposed study, we will investigate the effects of combining aspirin with EPA+DHA supplementation on platelet function and lysophospholipid metabolism in a clinical trial of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This trial will build on existing infrastructure in clinical and translational research, as well as our preliminary data using novel in-house assays.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

30

Phase

  • Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • New York
      • Rochester, New York, United States, 14642
        • Clinical Research Center of the University of Rochester Medical Center

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

40 years to 80 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Between the ages of 40-80
  • No significant abnormality noted from the CBC, CMP, TSH

  • Have diabetes mellitus based on the criteria from the Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. (57) These data will be collected from medical records in conjunction with the Greater Rochester Practice-Based Research Network (see recruitment plan below)

    1. Symptoms of diabetes plus casual plasma glucose concentration greater than or equal to 200 mg/dl (11.1 mmol/l). Casual is defined as any time of day without regard to last time since last meal. The classic symptoms of diabetes include polyuria, polydipsia, and unexplained weight loss, or;
    2. Fasting plasma glucose greater than or equal to 126 mg/dl (11.1 mmol/l). Fasting is defined as no caloric intake for at least 8 h, or;
    3. 2-hour plasma glucose greater than or equal to 200 mg/dl (11.1 mmol/l) during an oral glucose tolerance test. The test should be performed as described by the World Health organization, using a glucose load containing the equivalent of 75 g anhydrous glucose dissolved in water. This is the protocol within the University of Rochester Clinical Labs.

(In the absence of unequivocal hyperglycemia with acute metabolic decompensation, these criteria should have been confirmed by repeat testing on a different day)

  • Available for two morning visits (5 hours at bedrest) approximately 28 days apart and 2 short visits for blood draws
  • No fish oil, flax seed oil, vitamins, nutri. supplements or herbal preps. during study
  • Able to commit to no aspirin, NSAIDS for 10 days prior to each 5-hour study visit
  • Able to commit to no more then 2 meals of fish 7 days prior to each visit
  • Non-smoker
  • Not currently pregnant, and will not become pregnant during study

Exclusion Criteria:

  • History of drug or alcohol abuse, or current weekly alcohol consumption >14 units/week (1 unit=1 beer, 1 glass of wine, 1 mixed cocktail containing 1 ounce of alcohol)
  • Diagnosis of cardiovascular disease including coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, stroke, atrial fibrillation, and gastric bypass surgery or malabsorption syndrome.
  • History of malignancy (unless disease free for >10 years, or non-melanoma skin carcinoma)
  • History of peptic ulcer or gastrointestinal bleeding in past 5 years
  • Diagnosed bleeding disorder
  • Use of antiplatelet or antithrombotic therapy, defined as clopidogrel, ticlopidine, cilostazol, dipyridamol, trapidil, warfarin, and argatroban

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Allocation: Non-Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Fish Oil and Aspirin
Dietary supplement: Fish Oil and Aspirin
4 grams of fish oil each day for 28 days and 81 mg aspirin
Other Names:
  • Aspirin
  • Omega-3 EPA/DHA Concentrate

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Platelet function
Time Frame: 4 hours
Platelet function effect will be measured with aspirin alone and 4 hours later, after fish oil ingestion.
4 hours

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Lysophospholipids
Time Frame: 4 hours
Plasma measurement of lysophospholipids will be measured with aspirin alone and 4 hours later, after fish oil ingestion. These analyses will be considered exploratory due to the fact that no previous data exist regarding the relationships investigated and multiple testing is inherent to these analyses as 11 species of each LPA and LPC will be measured.
4 hours

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

University of Rochester

Collaborators

Cornell University
Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Robert C Block, MD, MPH, University of Rochester

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

August 1, 2010

Primary Completion (Actual)

March 1, 2012

Study Completion (Actual)

November 1, 2012

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

August 3, 2010

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

August 11, 2010

First Posted (Estimate)

August 13, 2010

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimate)

October 8, 2013

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

October 7, 2013

Last Verified

October 1, 2013

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • RSRB00030668

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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