A Randomized Trial of Diabetes Prevention Through Lifestyle Change in India (D-CLIP)

October 27, 2016 updated by: Venkat Narayan, Emory University

The Diabetes Community Lifestyle Improvement Program (D-CLIP): A Translation Randomized Trial of a Culturally Specific Lifestyle Intervention for Diabetes Prevention in India

People from the Indian subcontinent are more likely to get diabetes, even at younger ages. The Diabetes Community Lifestyle Improvement Program (D-CLIP) will test in a randomized trial if a culturally specific, community-based lifestyle and metformin (for individuals who do not respond to lifestyle change alone) intervention for men and women living in Chennai, India can effectively prevent type 2 diabetes in high-risk individuals. Lifestyle interventions are programs that seek to prevent disease by promoting changes in health behaviors, improved diet, increased physical activity, and weight loss. The results of this program will be used to make policy and public health recommendations, which will result in broader diabetes prevention efforts. The research team hypothesizes that this program will result in improvements in health (diabetes prevention, weight loss, and improvements in other markers of chronic disease) for intervention participants compared to participants in the control arm of the study.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Aims: The Diabetes Community Lifestyle Improvement Program (D-CLIP) aims to implement and evaluate in a controlled, randomized trial the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability of a culturally appropriate, low-cost, and sustainable lifestyle intervention for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in India.

Methods: D-CLIP, a translational research project adapted from the methods and curriculum developed and tested for efficacy in the Diabetes Prevention Program, utilizes innovated methods (a step-wise model of diabetes prevention with lifestyle and metformin added when needed; inclusion of individuals with isolated impaired glucose tolerance, isolated impaired fasting glucose, and both; classes team-taught by professionals and trained community educators) with the goals of increasing diabetes prevention, community acceptability, and long-term dissemination and sustainability of the program. The primary outcome is, diabetes incidence, and secondary outcomes are cost-effectiveness, changes in anthropometric measures, plasma lipids, blood pressure, blood glucose, and HbA1c, and program acceptability and sustainability assessed using a mixed methods approach.

Conclusion: D-CLIP, a low-cost, community-based, research program, addresses the key components of translational research and can be used as a model for prevention of chronic diseases in other low- and middle-income country settings.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

599

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • India
    • Tamil Nadu
      • Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, 600 086
        • Madras Diabetes Research Foundation

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

20 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Live in or near Chennai, India
  • Aged 20-65 years
  • A BMI >22 kg/m2 and/or a waist circumference >90 cm for men and >80 cm for women
  • No prior diabetes diagnosis, except for gestational diabetes
  • At high risk of developing diabetes (pre-diabetes) as defined by a casual capillary glucose greater than or equal to 110 (measured during screening) AND Baseline fasting glucose of 100-125 mg/dL and/or 2-hour post-load glucose of 140-199 mg/dL
  • Willingness to consent to randomization

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Does not fulfill inclusion criteria
  • Currently pregnant or breastfeeding
  • History of or biomarkers indicating heart disease, serious illness, cancer diagnosis in the past 5 years, or other conditions that may impede or prohibit participation in an unsupervised diet change and physical activity program.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Standard of Care
Participants randomized to the standard of care group will receive standard lifestyle advice for diabetes prevention consistent with expert recommendations for a healthy lifestyle, including losing 5-10% of their excess body weight, following standard dietary recommendations to reduce calorie and fat intake, and exercising at least 150 minutes per week.
Behavioral: Standard of Care
Participants randomized to the standard of care group will meet with a physician and a dietician, attend one class/awareness lecture on diabetes prevention through weight loss and diet change and one class on exercise, and receive handouts reinforcing what they learn in class and with the dietician, fitness consultant, and physician.
Experimental: Lifestyle Intervention
Intervention arm participants will participate in a step-wise model of diabetes prevention with the goal of reducing diabetes risk, primarily through (1) a weight loss of at least 7% and (2) 150 minutes or more per week of moderate level physical activity.
Behavioral: Lifestyle Intervention
Intervention arm participants will attend 6 months of weekly classes where they will be taught the skills necessary to reach these goals. The curriculum for the classes is based on the DPP lesson plans. Social support will be provided by trained lay health educators and peer support groups. Participants who remain at highest risk of T2DM after four or more months in the program will be prescribed metformin in addition to continuing the lifestyle program. Metformin dosages will start at 500 mg per day, and, when appropriate, will increase to 1000 mg per day (given as 500 mg twice per day). This group will be comprised of individuals who have (1) Fasting plasma glucose values of 100 mg/dl or more and (2) elevated fasting HbA1c measures of 5.7% or more.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Diabetes Incidence
Time Frame: Baseline through end of follow-up (mean follow-up time = 3 years)
At baseline and follow-up visit(s), a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test will be administered to measure both 2-hour post-load glucose (2HG) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). After the intervention and maintenance periods, blood glucose will be measured by a FPG test. Diabetes is diagnosed by a FPG≥126 mg/dL or a 2HG≥200 mg/dL. Diabetes incidence will be calculated by determining the proportion of individuals progressing from pre-diabetes to diabetes at each time point.
Baseline through end of follow-up (mean follow-up time = 3 years)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Body Weight
Time Frame: Baseline through end of follow-up (mean follow-up time = 3 years)
Weight will be measured in kilograms using a standardized, calibrated scale. Weight loss in kilograms and percent weight loss will be calculated.
Baseline through end of follow-up (mean follow-up time = 3 years)
Cost-effectiveness
Time Frame: Baseline through end of follow-up (mean follow-up time = 3 years)
The cost-effectiveness of the intensive lifestyle program, from the perspectives of a single payer system and society, will be compared with standard lifestyle advice by conducting incremental cost-effective analyses in which the net costs and net effectiveness of the intensive lifestyle program and the standard lifestyle advice is calculated and expressed as a ratio.
Baseline through end of follow-up (mean follow-up time = 3 years)
Waist circumference
Time Frame: Baseline through end of follow-up (mean follow-up time = 3 years)
Waist circumference in centimeters will be measured using a non-elastic tape measure. Change in waist circumference will be calculated.
Baseline through end of follow-up (mean follow-up time = 3 years)
Percent Body Fat
Time Frame: Baseline through end of follow-up (mean follow-up time = 3 years)
Percent body fat will be measured using bioelectrical impedance (Beurer machine).
Baseline through end of follow-up (mean follow-up time = 3 years)
Blood Pressure
Time Frame: Baseline through end of follow-up (mean follow-up time = 3 years)
Blood Pressure will be measured using standard procedures with an electronic BP apparatus.
Baseline through end of follow-up (mean follow-up time = 3 years)
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)
Time Frame: Baseline through end of follow-up (mean follow-up time = 3 years)
HbA1c will be measured from a fasting venous blood sample.
Baseline through end of follow-up (mean follow-up time = 3 years)
Plasma Lipids
Time Frame: Baseline through end of follow-up (mean follow-up time = 3 years)
Plasma levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, and total cholesterol will be measured from fasting venous blood samples.
Baseline through end of follow-up (mean follow-up time = 3 years)
Beta Cell Function
Time Frame: Baseline through end of follow-up (mean follow-up time = 3 years)
Changes in beta cell function [as measured by the Oral Disposition Index, calculated as (ΔI0-30 /ΔG0-30) x (1/fasting insulin)] and insulin resistance (using the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance, HOMA-IR) will be calculated.
Baseline through end of follow-up (mean follow-up time = 3 years)
Dietary Intake
Time Frame: aseline through end of follow-up (mean follow-up time = 3 years)
Changes in average diet are assessed by comparing the results of a 12-month food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) from baseline to the end of the intervention period and during follow-up.
aseline through end of follow-up (mean follow-up time = 3 years)
Program Acceptability
Time Frame: Baseline through end of follow-up
The acceptability of the intervention will be assessed through focus group discussions with participants who received the lifestyle intervention and phone interviews with program drop-outs.
Baseline through end of follow-up

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Emory University

Collaborators

Madras Diabetes Research Foundation

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Viswanathan Mohan, MD, PhD, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation/Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre
  • Principal Investigator: K.M. Venkat Narayan, MD, Emory University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

May 1, 2009

Primary Completion (Actual)

November 1, 2013

Study Completion (Actual)

November 1, 2013

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

January 24, 2011

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 24, 2011

First Posted (Estimate)

January 25, 2011

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimate)

October 31, 2016

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

October 27, 2016

Last Verified

October 1, 2016

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • IRB00016503
  • LT07-115 (Other Identifier: Other)

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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