Continuous Soluble Ferric Pyrophosphate (SFP) Iron Delivery Via Dialysate in Hemodialysis Patients (PRIME)

Physiological Iron Maintenance in End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Subjects by Delivery of Soluble Ferric Pyrophosphate (SFP) Via Hemodialysate: The PRIME Study

The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical safety and efficacy of SFP in sparing the need for erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) required to maintain hemoglobin (hgb) levels in chronic hemodialysis subjects who receive SFP via the dialysate versus subjects who receive conventional dialysate without iron.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: End Stage Renal Disease
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Soluble Ferric Pyrophosphate in liquid bicarbonate; Drug: Erythrocyte Stimulating Agent (ESA); Drug: Intravenous (IV) Iron; Drug: Placebo: Conventional liquid bicarbonate

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 108
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Puerto Rico
  • Fajardo, Puerto Rico, 00738
    • Investigator
• United States
  • Alabama
    • Birmingham, Alabama, United States, 35211
      • Investigator
  • Arizona
    • Tempe, Arizona, United States, 85284
      • Investigator
  • California
    • Granada Hills, California, United States, 91344
      • Investigator
  • Colorado
    • Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States, 80909
      • Investigator
  • Florida
    • Miami, Florida, United States, 33128
      • Investigator
    • Miami, Florida, United States, 33173
      • Investigator
  • Georgia
    • Albany, Georgia, United States, 31702
      • Investigator
  • Idaho
    • Hayden, Idaho, United States, 83835
      • Investigator
  • Kentucky
    • Louisville, Kentucky, United States, 40202
      • Investigator
  • Louisiana
    • New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, 70122
      • Investigator
  • Mississippi
    • Columbus, Mississippi, United States, 39705
      • Investigator
  • Missouri
    • Kansas City, Missouri, United States, 64114
      • Investigator
  • Nevada
    • Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, 89120
      • Investigator
  • New Jersey
    • Paterson, New Jersey, United States, 07503
      • Investigator
  • North Carolina
    • Lexington, North Carolina, United States, 27292
      • Investigator
  • Tennessee
    • Columbia, Tennessee, United States, 38401
      • Investigator
  • Texas
    • Duncanville, Texas, United States, 75137
      • Investigator
    • Greenville, Texas, United States, 75402
      • Investigator
    • San Antonio, Texas, United States, 78215
      • Investigator
    • San Antonio, Texas, United States, 78221
      • Investigator
  • Utah
    • Saint George, Utah, United States, 84770
      • Investigator
    • Taylorsville, Utah, United States, 84118
      • Investigator

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Main Inclusion Criteria:

1. Male and female subjects ≥ 18 years of age.
2. End-stage renal disease undergoing maintenance hemodialysis 3 to 4 times a week for at least 4 months and expected to remain on this schedule and be able to complete the study. Subjects on a cadaveric transplant list need not be excluded for this reason unless there is an identified donor.
3. Mean Hgb in the range of ≥ 9.5 to ≤ 12.0 g/dL during screening.
4. The difference between the maximum and minimum Hgb values during screening does not exceed 1.0 g/dL.
5. Mean ferritin ≥ 200 to ≤ 1000 µg/L during screening.
6. Mean TSAT ≥ 15% to ≤ 40% during screening.
7. Any and all serum albumin measured during the 2 months preceding randomization must be ≥ 3.0 g/dL.
8. Prescribed ESA dosing remaining in the range of ≥ 4,000 to ≤ 45,000 U/week epoetin or ≥ 12.5 to ≤ 200 µg/week darbepoetin during the 6 weeks preceding randomization.
9. Required IV iron at any time in the 6 months preceding randomization.

Main Exclusion Criteria:

1. Vascular access for dialysis is a catheter.
2. During the 6 months prior to randomization, infection of the vascular access to be used at the time of randomization.
3. Received a total of > 600 mg IV iron during the 6 weeks prior to randomization.
4. Received any amount of IV or oral iron during the 2 weeks prior to randomization.

5. Change in prescribed ESA dose:

   1. Any change in prescribed ESA dose within 4 weeks prior to randomization.
   2. The prescribed ESA dose at the time of randomization is > 25% higher or lower than the prescribed dose at 6 weeks prior to randomization.
   3. Change in prescribed type of ESA (e.g., epoetin vs. darbepoetin) or route of administration within 6 weeks prior to randomization.
6. Actual ESA dosing missed or withheld for a cumulative total of ≥ 1 week for any reason during the 6 weeks prior to randomization.
7. Known cause of anemia other than anemia attributable to renal disease (e.g., sickle cell disease, thalassemia, pure red cell aplasia, hemolytic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, etc.)
8. Scheduled kidney transplant or a donor has been identified but the transplant has not been scheduled.
9. Known ongoing inflammatory disorder (other than Chronic Kidney Disease), such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, other collagen-vascular diseases, etc.

11. Known active tuberculosis, fungal, viral, or parasitic infection requiring anti-microbial therapy or anticipated to require anti-microbial therapy during the patient's participation in this study. Subjects with hepatitis C, in the absence of cirrhosis, are not excluded from participation in the study if Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels are below 2 times the upper limit of normal on a consistent basis during the 2 months preceding randomization.

12. Occult tuberculosis requiring prophylactic treatment with anti-tubercular drug(s) that overlaps with the patient's participation in this study.

13. Cirrhosis of the liver based on histological criteria or clinical criteria (e.g., presence of ascites, esophageal varices, spider nevi, or history of hepatic encephalopathy).

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: PARALLEL
• Masking: TRIPLE

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR: SFP in liquid bicarbonate	Drug: Soluble Ferric Pyrophosphate in liquid bicarbonate; Subjects will receive hemodialysis containing SFP at 2 µM (11 µg iron/dL of dialysate) at every dialysis session, for a total duration of 36 weeks.; Other Names: SFP; Drug: Erythrocyte Stimulating Agent (ESA); ESA was administered according to the recommendation of a blinded central anemia management center (CAMC) based on the weekly hemoglobin value and its rate of change.; Drug: Intravenous (IV) Iron; Approved IV iron preparations were administered per a protocol driven algorithm when patients serum ferritin value decreased below 200 ug/L.
PLACEBO_COMPARATOR: Placebo: Conventional Liquid Bicarbonate; Control concentrate lacking SFP does not contain SFP (total iron = 0)	Drug: Erythrocyte Stimulating Agent (ESA); ESA was administered according to the recommendation of a blinded central anemia management center (CAMC) based on the weekly hemoglobin value and its rate of change.; Drug: Intravenous (IV) Iron; Approved IV iron preparations were administered per a protocol driven algorithm when patients serum ferritin value decreased below 200 ug/L.; Drug: Placebo: Conventional liquid bicarbonate; Subjects will receive hemodialysis containing conventional liquid bicarbonate lacking SFP at every dialysis session, for a total duration of 36 weeks.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
The Percent Change From Baseline in ESA Dose Required to Maintain Hemoglobin in the Target Range, Adjusted for Hgb.	The statistical endpoint is the change from baseline between groups at End of Treatment, where the baseline prescribed ESA dose (expressed as U/week epoetin) per subject is defined as the average weekly dose of ESA prescribed for administration over the two-week period of time immediately prior to randomization. The end-of-treatment prescribed ESA dose (expressed as U/week epoetin) per subject is defined as the average weekly dose of ESA prescribed for administration over the last two weeks of the treatment period.	Hemoglobin measured weekly and serum ferritin and Transferrin Saturation (TSAT) determined every other week; ESA dose recorded at each visit for 36 weeks.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
The Distribution of Changes From Baseline in the Prescribed ESA Dose Between the Two Treatment Arms	The change from baseline in prescribed ESA dose at end-of-treatment was categorized as being greater than or equal to 25%, 10 to less than 25%, -10 to 10%, greater than -25 to -10% and less than or equal to -25%. The number of subjects in each treatment group that fit each category was compared.	ESA dose is monitored and recorded at each dialysis session for 36 weeks.
Stability of Hemoglobin Over Time (Maintenance of Hemoglobin Between 9.5-11.5 g/dL.	The number of patients in each treatment group who had maintained their hemoglobin between 95 and 115 grams/liter at the end of treatment was quantified.	36 weeks
The Amount of Supplemental Intravenous (IV) Iron Needed During Study Participation.	The absolute amount of IV iron administered to subjects in each treatment group was divided by the number of weeks on study and the number of subjects per treatment group such that the mean dose of IV iron (mg) per week per subject (for the entire treatment group) was calculated.	36 weeks
Comparison of Iron Delivery to the Erythron From Baseline to End of Treatment Between the Treatment Groups.	Iron delivery to the erythron was estimated by Hgb generation in response to erythropoietin (ERI, calculated as ESA dose/Hgb). In addition, ERI was also divided by body weight in kilograms to obtain a modified ERI (ERI/kg).	36 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Rockwell Medical Technologies, Inc.

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Gupta A, Lin V, Guss C, Pratt R, Ikizler TA, Besarab A. Ferric pyrophosphate citrate administered via dialysate reduces erythropoiesis-stimulating agent use and maintains hemoglobin in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int. 2015 Nov;88(5):1187-94. doi: 10.1038/ki.2015.203. Epub 2015 Jul 8.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: January 1, 2011
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): January 1, 2013
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): January 1, 2013

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 18, 2011
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 27, 2011
• First Posted (ESTIMATE): January 31, 2011

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ACTUAL): October 1, 2018
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 27, 2018
• Last Verified: August 1, 2018

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: End Stage Renal Disease, Hemodialysis, SFP
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Urologic Diseases; Renal Insufficiency; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Failure, Chronic
• Other Study ID Numbers: NIH-FP-01 PRIME