DRIVESHAFT: Darunavir/Ritonavir In HIV-infected Virologically-suppressed Experienced Subjects (DRIVESHAFT)

DRIVESHAFT: Phase IV Randomized, Open-Label Study in HIV-1 Virologically-suppressed Patients On Regimens With Darunavir 600mg/Ritonavir 100mg Twice-daily Switching to Darunavir 800mg/Ritonavir 100mg Once-daily Vs. Continuing Twice-daily Darunavir/Ritonavir Regimens

Darunavir is a nonpeptidic protease inhibitor with a high genetic barrier to resistance that evolved from a prototype compound synthesized using structure-based design strategies. Once-daily darunavir at 800mg boosted with 100mg of ritonavir is an effective antiretroviral agent indicated for HIV-infected treatment-naïve patients. In treatment-experienced patients, darunavir was initially approved for twice-daily administration boosted with twice-daily ritonavir at 600mg and 100mg, respectively. Recently, once-daily darunavir/ritonavir was approved for use in treatment-experienced adult patients with viremia with no darunavir resistance mutations. In treatment-experienced patients with viral suppression, switching from an antiretroviral taken twice-daily to a once-daily dose is an attractive option to promote greater patient acceptability and adherence, and potentially minimize side effects and toxicities. Because of darunavir/ritonavir's high genetic barrier to resistance and well-established safety profile at a once-daily dose, switching patients with virologic suppression from twice-daily darunavir/ritonavir to once-daily darunavir/ritonavir will likely confer attributes more favorable to patients through a simplified dosing schedule and lower potential for lipid elevation without the loss of virologic control. DRIVESHAFT is a 48-week Phase 4, randomized, open label, comparative study. The study will be conducted in 60 HIV-1 infected, antiretroviral experienced, virologically-suppressed patients on regimens containing darunavir 600mg/ ritonavir 100mg twice-daily and a minimum of two other antiretrovirals, with a history of 0-1 darunavir-associated resistance mutations. Subjects will be randomized 1:1 to switch to darunavir 800mg/ ritonavir 100mg once-daily or continue on their current regimen. Rates of virologic suppression of once-daily darunavir/ritonavir regimens relative to darunavir/ritonavir twice-daily regimens will be compared, and safety, change from baseline fasting lipid parameters, and adherence will be evaluated.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: HIV
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Once-daily combination Darunavir and ritonavir; Drug: Twice-daily combination Darunavir and ritonavir

Detailed Description

The Darunavir/Ritonavir In Virologically-suppressed Experienced Subjects Halving an Antiretroviral by Finetuning Therapy (DRIVESHAFT) study was a prospective, randomized, single-centre, two-arm, open-label 48-week pilot study. The aim of DRIVESHAFT was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of switching the DRV/r component from twice-daily to once-daily 800/100 mg compared with those remaining on current therapy among HIV-1-infected, treatment-experienced patients with 0-1 DRV RAMs on a stable regimen including twice-daily DRV/r 600/100 mg. The study was conducted at The Ruth M Rothstein CORE Center (Chicago, IL, USA). The sample size was determined upon feasibility as a single-site study and not powered for non-inferiority. Study enrolment was planned for 60 participants randomized 1:1 to one of two arms: the switch arm from DRV/r 600/100 mg twice daily to DRV/r 800/100 mg once/daily plus current ARV regimen including a minimum of two other agents or remain on current ARV regimen with minimum of three agents inclusive of twice-daily DRV/r. Two DRV 400 mg tablets were used in the once-daily DRV/r arm, with DRV 600 mg tablets administered in the twice-daily DRV/r arm.

DRIVESHAFT inclusion criteria included HIV-1-infected adult (>18 years of age), HIV-1 RNA measurements <40 copies/ml (using a local assay) over at least 12 weeks on a stable regimen including DRV/r 600/100 mg twice daily plus a minimum of two other ARVs, screening HIV-1 RNA<40 copies/ml, have undergone genotypic testing at any time prior to starting current antiretroviral therapy (ART) with evidence of <2 cumulative DRV RAMs, CD4+ T-cell count >50 cells/mm3, and a negative serum pregnancy test at screening visit Participants who were randomized and received at least one dose of study medication were included in efficacy analysis, and the primary end point was the proportion of participants with HIV-1 RNA<40 copies/ml at week 48.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 60
• Phase: Phase 4

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Illinois
    • Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60612
      • Ruth M. Rothstein CORE Center

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. ART-experienced, HIV-1 infected subjects ≥18 years of age.

2. A female subject is eligible to enter and participate in the study if she:

   1. is of non-childbearing potential defined as either post-menopausal (12 months of spontaneous amenorrhea and ≥45 years of age) or physically incapable of becoming pregnant with documented tubal ligation, hysterectomy, or bilateral oophorectomy or,

   2. is of child-bearing potential, with a negative pregnancy test at both Screen and Day 1 and agrees to one of the following methods of contraception to avoid pregnancy:

      • Complete abstinence from intercourse from 2 weeks prior to administration of study medications, throughout the study, and for at least 2 weeks after discontinuation of all study medications.
      • Double barrier method (male condom/spermicide, male condom/diaphragm, diaphragm/spermicide).
      • Approved hormonal contraception may be administered with darunavir/ritonavir
      • Any intrauterine device (IUD) with published data showing that the expected failure rate is <1% per year
      • Any other method with published data showing that the expected failure rate is <1% per year.

   Any contraception method must be used consistently and in accordance with the approved product label. All subjects participating in the study should be counseled on safer sexual practices including the use of effective barrier methods (e.g. male condom/spermicide).

3. CD4 >50 cells/mm3
4. HIV-1 RNA concentrations at undetectable levels (according to local assay being used) for at least 12 weeks on stable current regimen
5. Current regimen includes darunavir/ritonavir 600/100 mg twice-daily plus a minimum of two other antiretrovirals
6. Negative serum pregnancy test at screening visit

Exclusion Criteria:

Subjects meeting any of the following criteria must not be enrolled in the study:

1. Known hypersensitivity reaction to agents being utilized in the study
2. >1 cumulative darunavir associated mutations (V11I, V32I, L33F, I47V, I50V, I54L or M, T74P, L76V, I84V, or L89V) detected from any previous genotype or a VircoTYPE HIV-1 darunavir fold-change >10.0 on any previous virtual phenotype
3. Pregnant or breast feeding woman
4. Liver dysfunction with Child-Pugh class C disease or decompensated cirrhosis

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Once-daily Darunavir and ritonavir; Subjects switched from Darunavir 600mg plus Ritonavir 100mg twice-daily to Darunavir 800mg plus Ritonavir 100mg once-daily	Drug: Once-daily combination Darunavir and ritonavir; Subjects randomized 1:1 to switch to from combination Darunavir 600mg plus Ritonavir 100mg twice-daily at baseline to the experimental combination Darunavir 800mg plus Ritonavir 100mg once-daily for 48 weeks; Other Names: Prezista and norvir once-daily
Active Comparator: Twice-daily Darunavir and ritonavir; Subjects remain on regimens containing Darunavir 600mg plus Ritonavir 100mg twice-daily	Drug: Twice-daily combination Darunavir and ritonavir; Subjects randomized 1:1 to remain on regimens containing combination Darunavir 600mg plus Ritonavir 100mg twice-daily; Other Names: Prezista and norvir twice-daily

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Primary Efficacy Endpoint for Virologic Suppression in HIV-infected Subjects	Proportion of subjects with plasma HIV-1 RNA <40 c/mL at Week 48 using a Missing, Switch, or Discontinuation = Failure (MSDF) algorithm as codified by the FDA's "snapshot" algorithm	48 weeks after randomization to study medication

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Assessment of Virologic Failure	•Assess the development of viral resistance in subjects experiencing virological failure	Within 48 weeks of randomization to study medications
Secondary Efficacy Endpoints	•Proportion of subjects with plasma HIV-1 RNA >200 c/mL at Week 24	Within 24 weeks after randomization to study medication
Change in Total Cholesterol From Baseline to 48 Weeks	Absolute change in lipid parameter (total cholesterol mg/dl) of once-daily versus twice-daily darunavir/ritonavir containing regimens over 48 weeks	Within 48 weeks of randomization baseline to study medications
Absolute Value Change in CD4+ From Baseline to Week 48	Absolute value increase in CD4+ cells/mm3 from baseline to week 48	48 weeks after randomization baseline to study medications
Number of Participants With Greater Than 95% Adherence at 48 Weeks	Characterize adherence to once-daily versus twice-daily darunavir/ritonavir containing regimens using the Modified Medication Adherence Self-Report Inventory (M-MASRI) scale	Within 48 weeks of randomization to study medications
Secondary Efficacy Endpoints	•Proportion of subjects with plasma HIV-1 RNA <40 c/mL at Week 24	week 24

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Ruth M. Rothstein CORE Center
• Collaborators: Tibotec Therapeutics, a Division of Ortho Biotech Products, L.P., USA
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: GREGORY G HUHN, MD, The Ruth M. Rothstein CORE Center

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Huhn GD, Sigman A, Livak B. Simplification from twice-daily to once-daily darunavir/ritonavir in a randomized trial among HIV-infected persons with HIV-1 RNA suppression on antiretroviral therapy. Antivir Ther. 2015;20(8):849-54. doi: 10.3851/IMP2962. Epub 2015 Apr 17.
• Molto J, Valle M, Santos JR, Mothe B, Miranda C, Cedeno S, Negredo E, Yritia M, Videla S, Barbanoj MJ, Clotet B. Treatment simplification to once daily darunavir/ritonavir guided by the darunavir inhibitory quotient in heavily pretreated HIV-infected patients. Antivir Ther. 2010;15(2):219-25. doi: 10.3851/IMP1519.

Helpful Links

• published results

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: January 1, 2012
• Primary Completion (Actual): May 1, 2014
• Study Completion (Actual): April 1, 2015

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 24, 2011
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 25, 2011
• First Posted (Estimated): August 26, 2011

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 19, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 27, 2023
• Last Verified: June 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: HIV; adherence; lipids; protease inhibitor; treatment-experienced
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Anti-Infective Agents; Antiviral Agents; Enzyme Inhibitors; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Protease Inhibitors; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; HIV Protease Inhibitors; Viral Protease Inhibitors; Ritonavir; Darunavir
• Other Study ID Numbers: TMC114HIV4063