Vaccine Therapy and Cyclophosphamide in Treating Patients With Stage II-III Breast or Stage II-IV Ovarian, Primary Peritoneal, or Fallopian Tube Cancer

A Phase I Trial of the Safety and Immunogenicity of a Multi-epitope Folate Receptor Alpha Peptide Vaccine Used in Combination With Cyclophosphamide in Subjects Previously Treated for Breast or Ovarian Cancer

This phase I clinical trial studies the side effects of vaccine therapy and cyclophosphamide in treating patients with stage II-III breast cancer or stage II-IV ovarian, primary peritoneal or fallopian tube cancer. Vaccines made from peptides may help the body build an effective immune response to kill tumor cells. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as cyclophosphamide, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. Giving vaccine therapy and cyclophosphamide may kill more tumor cells.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Recurrent Fallopian Tube Carcinoma; Recurrent Ovarian Carcinoma; Recurrent Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma; Recurrent Breast Carcinoma; Stage IIIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIA Breast Cancer; Stage IIB Breast Cancer; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer; Stage IIA Fallopian Tube Cancer; Stage IIA Ovarian Cancer; Stage IIB Fallopian Tube Cancer; Stage IIB Ovarian Cancer; Stage IIC Fallopian Tube Cancer; Stage IIC Ovarian Cancer; Stage IIIA Fallopian Tube Cancer; Stage IIIA Ovarian Cancer; Stage IIIA Primary Peritoneal Cancer; Stage IIIB Fallopian Tube Cancer; Stage IIIB Ovarian Cancer; Stage IIIB Primary Peritoneal Cancer; Stage IIIC Fallopian Tube Cancer; Stage IIIC Ovarian Cancer; Stage IIIC Primary Peritoneal Cancer; Stage IV Fallopian Tube Cancer; Stage IV Ovarian Cancer; Stage IV Primary Peritoneal Cancer
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis; Drug: Cyclophosphamide; Biological: Multi-epitope Folate Receptor Alpha Peptide Vaccine

Detailed Description

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To assess the safety of administering one cycle of cyclophosphamide and six subsequent monthly vaccinations with a peptide-based vaccine targeting folate receptor (FR)-alpha (multi-epitope folate receptor alpha peptide vaccine).

II. To assess the ability of this vaccination protocol to elicit an immune response as measured by activated FR-alpha-specific T lymphocytes or high-affinity antibodies.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To determine FR-alpha expression status of primary tumors when available as formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded material and whether expression correlates with the ability to generate an immune response.

II. To identify human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) class I binding peptides from FR-alpha that are recognized by lymphocytes from patients prior to and after vaccination.

III. To determine whether cyclophosphamide treatment, prior to vaccination, results in regulatory T cell depletion by assessing regulatory T cells before and immediately after cyclophosphamide treatment.

IV. To compare FR-alpha (FRa) expression levels in tumor removed at primary surgery to FRa expression levels in tumor removed for clinical purposes at disease recurrence. (For ovarian cancer patients whose disease recurs.)

OUTLINE:

Patients receive cyclophosphamide orally (PO) twice daily (BID) on days 1-7 and 15-21 of course 1. Within 3-5 days, patients receive multi-epitope folate receptor alpha peptide vaccine intradermally (ID) on day 1. Vaccine treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 6 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at 3, 6, and 12 months.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 24
• Phase: Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Minnesota
    • Rochester, Minnesota, United States, 55905
      • Mayo Clinic

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Clinically confirmed no evidence of disease >= 90 days from completion of systemic therapy with the exception of hormonal therapy and bisphosphonates (per practice guidelines for breast and ovarian cancer)
• Histological or cytological confirmation of stage II or III breast cancer or stage II, III, or IV ovarian/primary peritoneal/fallopian tube cancer; Note: patients with stage IV ovarian/primary peritoneal/fallopian tube cancer must register within one year of completing chemotherapy
• Completed systemic treatment (chemotherapy, immune modulators [such as trastuzumab], radiation, and/or corticosteroids) with the exception of hormonal therapy and bisphosphonates >= 90 days prior to registration
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) 0 or 1
• Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1500/mm^3
• Platelets >= 100,000/ul
• Hemoglobin >= 10.0 g/dL
• Creatinine =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) or 24 hour urine =< grade 2
• Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) (aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) =< 3 x ULN
• Serum albumin >= 3 g/dL
• Urinalysis with =< 2+ proteinuria
• Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) - negative or =< normal institutional range
• Anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) - negative or =< normal institutional range
• Serum rheumatoid factor (RF) - negative or =< normal institutional range
• Negative serum pregnancy test done =< 7 days prior to registration, for women of childbearing potential only
• Capable of understanding the investigative nature, potential risks, and benefits of the study and capable of providing valid informed consent
• Willing to return to Mayo Clinic Rochester for follow-ups (immunizations, blood draws, etc.)
• Willing to provide mandatory blood samples for primary and correlative goals
• Willing to receive a tetanus vaccination if you have not had one within the past year

Exclusion Criteria:

• Any of the following:

  • Pregnant women
  • Nursing women unwilling to stop breast feeding
  • Men or women of childbearing potential who are unwilling to employ adequate contraception from the time of registration through cycle 6 (or the final vaccine cycle for each patient)
• Co-morbid systemic illnesses or other severe concurrent disease which, in the judgment of the investigator, would make the patient inappropriate for entry into this study or interfere significantly with the proper assessment of safety and toxicity of the prescribed regimens
• Immunocompromised patients (other than that related to the use of corticosteroids) including patients known to be human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive
• Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements
• Receiving any other investigational agent
• Other active malignancy =< 5 years prior to registration; EXCEPTIONS: Non-melanoma skin cancer or carcinoma-in-situ of the cervix; NOTE: If there is a history of prior malignancy, they must not be receiving other specific treatment (cytotoxics, monoclonal antibodies, small molecule inhibitors) for this cancer
• Known history of autoimmune disease
• Any contraindication to receiving sargramostim (GM-CSF) or cyclophosphamide

• Uncontrolled acute or chronic medical conditions including, but not limited to the following:

  • Active infection requiring antibiotics
  • Congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association class III or IV; moderate to severe objective evidence of cardiovascular disease)
  • Myocardial infarction or stroke within previous 6 months
• Use of a systemic steroid =< 30 days prior to registration
• Receiving thyroid replacement therapy

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Intervention / Treatment

Experimental: Treatment (cyclophosphamide and vaccine therapy); Patients receive cyclophosphamide PO BID on days 1-7 and 15-21 of course 1. Within 3-5 days, patients receive multi-epitope folate receptor alpha peptide vaccine ID on day 1. Vaccine treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 6 courses in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis; Correlative studies; Drug: Cyclophosphamide; Given PO; Other Names: Cytoxan; CTX; (-)-Cyclophosphamide; 2H-1,3,2-Oxazaphosphorine, 2-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]tetrahydro-, 2-oxide, monohydrate; Carloxan; Ciclofosfamida; Ciclofosfamide; Cicloxal; Clafen; Claphene; CP monohydrate; CYCLO-cell; Cycloblastin; Cycloblastine; Cyclophospham; Cyclophosphamid monohydrate; Cyclophosphamidum; Cyclophosphan; Cyclophosphane; Cyclophosphanum; Cyclostin; Cyclostine; Cytophosphan; Cytophosphane; Fosfaseron; Genoxal; Genuxal; Ledoxina; Mitoxan; Neosar; Revimmune; Syklofosfamid; WR- 138719; Biological: Multi-epitope Folate Receptor Alpha Peptide Vaccine; Given ID; Other Names: FR Alpha Peptide Vaccine

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Proportion of patients who experience severe toxicities (grades 3-5 of the National Cancer Institute's Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program [CTEP] Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0)	Defined as adverse events that are classified as either unrelated, unlikely to be related, possibly, probably, or definitely related to study treatment. The maximum grade for each type of toxicity will be recorded for each patient, and frequency tables will be reviewed by primary disease site to determine toxicity patterns.	Up to 12 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Disease-free survival	The distribution of disease-free survival will be estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier for each disease group (breast cancer; ovarian cancer).	Time from registration to documentation of disease recurrence, second primary, or death without disease recurrence or second primary, assessed up to 12 months
FRa expression	A 90% binomial confidence interval will be constructed for percentage of patients who develop an immune response among those patients who have FRa positive disease. Similarly, a 90% binomial confidence interval will be constructed for percentage of patients who develop an immune response among those patients who have FRa negative disease.	Up to 12 months
Overall survival time	The distribution of overall survival times will be estimated using the method of Kaplan-Meier for each disease group (breast cancer; ovarian cancer).	Time from registration to death due to any cause, assessed up to 12 months
Percentage change in plasma concentration of cytokines and chemokines	The percent change in plasma concentrations of cytokines and chemokines from pre-treatment concentrations will be determined. Will be plotted against time with the points belonging to a particular individual connected. Each graph will be visually inspected for trends across time and difference between treatment regimens.	Baseline to up to 12 months

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
FR-alpha -specific antibody response by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay	A vaccine-induced FR-alpha-specific antibody responses will be defined as (1) a 2-fold or greater increase in FR-alpha-specific antibody concentration from pretreatment levels at any point during treatment or (2) FR-alpha-specific antibodies above the lower limit of detection at any point during treatment if pre-treatment levels were non-detectable.	Up to 12 months
FR-alpha-specific antibody response by enzyme-linked immunospot	A patient is said to have an antigen-specific response at a given post-treatment time point if one of the following sets of conditions is true: 1) the average antigen specific value at pre-treatment > 0, there is a 2 fold increase in average antigen-specific value at post treatment time relative to antigen specific value at pretreatment, and the post-treatment time point of interest (INT) is wholly above the pre-INT; or (2) the average antigen specific value at pre-treatment =< 0, the average antigen-specific value at post treatment time > 0, and the post-INT is wholly above the pre-INT.	Up to 12 months
Percent change in antigen-specific cytokine profiles	Percent change in plasma concentrations of cytokines from pre-treatment levels will be examined to determine skewing of the T cell response to type 1 helper cell or type 2 helper cell after vaccination.	Baseline to up to 12 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Mayo Clinic
• Collaborators: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Matthew S. Block, M.D., Ph.D., Mayo Clinic

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): July 24, 2012
• Primary Completion (Actual): September 25, 2014
• Study Completion (Actual): March 9, 2018

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 23, 2012
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 24, 2012
• First Posted (Estimated): May 25, 2012

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): August 21, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 19, 2024
• Last Verified: August 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Digestive System Diseases; Pathologic Processes; Skin Diseases; Neoplasms by Histologic Type; Neoplasms; Urogenital Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial; Peritoneal Diseases; Genital Neoplasms, Female; Endocrine System Diseases; Disease Attributes; Ovarian Diseases; Adnexal Diseases; Gonadal Disorders; Digestive System Neoplasms; Endocrine Gland Neoplasms; Breast Diseases; Fallopian Tube Diseases; Abdominal Neoplasms; Female Urogenital Diseases; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Urogenital Diseases; Genital Diseases; Genital Diseases, Female; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Recurrence; Ovarian Neoplasms; Fallopian Tube Neoplasms; Peritoneal Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Antirheumatic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Immunosuppressive Agents; Immunologic Factors; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Alkylating Agents; Myeloablative Agonists; Cyclophosphamide; Vaccines
• Other Study ID Numbers: MC1015 (Other Identifier: Mayo Clinic); NCI-2012-00586 (Registry Identifier: CTRP (Clinical Trial Reporting Program))